牛津高中英语模块二第一单元重难点讲解与练习(DOC 7页).doc

1、牛津高中英语模块二（第一讲）【教学内容与教学要求】 一、 教学内容： 牛津高中英语模块二Unit 1（上） 二、教学要求： 1学会谈论有关宇宙空间的简单话题。 2学习阅读英语新闻综述。 3理解现在完成时和现在完成进行时的意义和用法。 【知识重点与学习难点】 一、 重要单词： tale, unexplained, .alien, mystery, technology, monster, sunken(adj) stonehenge, pyramid, disappearance, multi-coloured, nightmare, detective, format, detail, par

2、agraph, Yeti, puzzle(n&v), sighting, witness, creature, research, frighten, case, murder, convincing, evidence, typical, outer, progress, treasure, lately, website, wild, similar, hairy, strength, footprint, existence, inch, exploration, orbit, launch, artificial, astronaut, oxygen. 二、重点词组： run into

3、碰到, believe in相信（信仰、理论、说法等）, step up加紧, go missing失踪, show great interest in对.表现出极大的兴趣, due to因为, show up露面, according to根据, pull back拉开, do research on在.方面进行研究, rule out排除, look into调查, make up编造, take charge of负责, make a speech作报告, so far到目前为止, outer space外层空间, human beings人类, space shuttle航天飞机, S

4、oviet Union苏联, carry out.完成, 实现, 贯彻, 执行, dream of梦想, come true实现, solar system太阳系, comic strip连环漫画. 三、【语法】 A.现在完成时 1现在完成时态的构成：现在完成时是由助动词have/has+过去分词构成。 2在现完成时 表示动作完成在过去，强调对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already，just，ever，never和yet等连用。表示曾去过某处have / has been；表示某人去某处（还没有回来）用have / has gone。 例如：I have just locked the do

5、or. He has left London for York. 3表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，有以下几种情况： 与for + 表示一段时间的词组连用。例如：I have worked here for 20 years. 与since + 表示过去某一时刻的词或词组连用。例如：They have had 4 meetings since the new term began. 4. 非延续性动词与可延续性动词 两者都可用于现在完成时，但非延续性动词用在现在完成时时不能与表示一段时间的 时间状语连用。如果必须这样用，就需要把非延续性动词转化为可延续性动词或状态动词。 He has

6、 been back for three days. He has been back since three days ago. Its three days since he came back. Three days has passed since he came back. B.现在完成进行时 构成：have/has been+doing 现在完成进行时是一兼有现在完成时和现在进行时二者基本特点的时态。由于它有现在完成时的特点，所以它可以表示某一动作对现在产生的结果或影响。由于它有现在进行时的特点，所以它也可以表示某一动作的延续性、临时性、重复性。现在完成进行时比较生动，有时含有明显

7、的感情色彩,例如: The couple have been quarreling ever since they got married.（说话人对这对夫妻的关系很不以为然） You have been asking me questions for the last two hours.（不耐烦） 1 现在完成进行时可以用来表示一个动作从过去某时开始一直延续到说话时刻还在进行。例如： a. He has been working on the puzzle since early morning. b. We have been waiting for the result for hal

8、f a day. 2 现在完成进行时可以用来表示一个动作从过去某时开始一直延续到说话时刻刚刚结束。例如： a. Where have you been? We have been looking for you everywhere. b. I have been wondering about your behavior. 3. 现在完成进行时可以用来表示过去刚刚完成的动作，其结果对现在有影响或联系，例如： a. She has been crying(她现在眼睛还在红肿). b. It has been snowing.(地上已经有了一层雪). 【难点讲解】 1. The world we

9、 live in today is full of mysteries unsolved even by todays advanced science and technology. 我们生活的世界里充满了谜团, 这些谜团即使是当今发达的科学技术也无法解开。 过去分词短语unsolved even by todays advanced science and technology是mysteries的定语，它的作用相当于定语从句which are unsolved even by todays advanced science and technology。当定语从句是由关系代词be动词过去

10、分词或现在分词短语构成时，关系代词和be动词可以省略。例如： Stories (which were) made up by him didnt sound very convincing. People (who are) living in these areas believe in ghosts. Advanced 先进的、发达的。 2. Police in America have stepped up their search for a fifteen-year-old boy who went missing in Dover, New Hampshire. 美国警方现已加紧对

11、一名15岁失踪男孩的搜索，该男孩于两天前在新罕布什尔州的多佛市失踪。 step up加紧，如: step up production, step up the campaign, step up the lobby(加紧游说) search在句中作名词，常见词组有ones/the search for（对的搜索、探求），in search of(为了寻求)。例如： His search for truth has led to one discovery after another. He risked his life in search of truth. Police是集体名词，形式上永

12、远是单数，和复数动词连用。 3. People have shown great interest in his disappearance due to sighting of puzzling lights in the sky and reports of alien visits around the time of his disappearance. 公众对男孩的失踪表现出极大的兴趣，原因是在他失踪前后有人声称看到天空中出现令人迷惑不解的亮光，还有关于外星人造访地球的报道。 4. Standing inside were lots of white-skinned, strange

13、-looking creatures with large black eyes. （飞碟）里面站着许多白皮肤、样子奇怪、长着黑色大眼睛的生物。 这是个倒装句，这句话的正常语序是：Lots of white-skinned, strange-looking creatures with large black eyes were standing inside. 当句子的主语部分太长，或说话人想要强调对动作的描写时，可以把现在分词短语和主语部分的位置交换，形成“现在分词短语be动词主语部分”的倒装结构。例如： Lying there was a thin, black woman with u

14、ntidy hair and stony face. Coming up is a talk show by our famous host Peter Pan. white-skinned白皮肤的，这是一个由形容词名词ed构成的复合形容词，中学阶段常见的还有: kind-hearted, bold-faced, ill-tempered等。 strange-looking样子奇怪的。形容词/副词动词ing也可以构成的复合形容词，例如：good-looking, easy-going(好相处的), never-ending, ever-lasting. 5. believe和believe i

15、n believe+sb表示“相信某人的话”，believe+sth表示“相信某事的真实性”。例如： I believe George, he has never told a lie. Do you believe his story? Believe in+sb表示“信任某人”，believe in+sth表示“相信某事的存在、信仰某种学说或宗教”。例如： I believe in Ed, he will never let me down (让我失望). I dont believe in UFO. He believes in Maxism. 6. search和search for

16、search+搜查的对象，例如：search the house, search the prisoner. Search for+，例如：search for gold, search for food. 也可以是：search+搜查的对象搜索的目标。例如：search the house for the thief 7. make up编造, make up for补偿、弥补, be made up of由.构成. 例如： We had to work day and night to make up for the lost time. He made up this story sim

17、ply to draw attention to himself. The exploration team was made up of 4 scientists, a doctor and an Indian guide. 8. go作为系动词用法小结： 1） 表示“变得”，常和有关颜色、状态、质地的形容词或词组连用，例如： a. His hair has gone gray. b. He went purple（发紫）with anger. c. The company went broke (破产)after such a heavy loss. d. Milk goes bad (变

18、质)very easily in hot weather. e. The children went wild with excitement (高兴地发狂). f. The project can be finished in a week if nothing goes wrong. 2） 表示“选择.样的方式、采用.的方法”，例如：go natural回归自然, go international国际化, go native融入当地社会, go green追求绿色生活。 3） 表示“未受到”, 常和un+过去分词构成的形容词unpunished/ unnoticed/ unchalleng

19、ed/ uncommented等连用，相当于“pass/get away without being过去分词”，例如： a. Many important details have gone unnoticed while he was listening. b. If his cheating goes unpunished, more students will follow suit（跟着学）. 【同步练习】 一、 单项选择 1 Nanjing is situated- the Yangtse River. A. to B. near C. on D. at 2 John will se

20、ttle - after he gets a job and gets married. A.down B. up C. about D. for 3 A large number of people - London each year. A.visits B. visiting C. are visit D. visit 4 Most of the meat -bad. A. have gone B. have went C. has gone D. has went 5 We have got used to - together. A.work B. works C. worked D

21、. working 6 He isnt the man he used to-. A.be B. is C. been D. being 7 He - himself - the improvement of workers lives. A. asked; for B. devoted; to C. paid; by D. put; in 8. This is the hotel - some German friends stayed yesterday. A. which B. where C. the one D. what 9. All - glitters is not gold.

22、 A. which B. what C. that D. it 10. Is that the woman - daughter is in your class? A. who B. whose C. whom D. that 11. They left for Beijing last week and we - from them so far. A. dont hear B.didnt hear C. wont hear D.havent heard 12. Whenever he - these days, he always carries an umbrella with him

23、. A. will go out B. is going out C. would go out D. goes out 13.Would you be so kind -make these calls for me. A. as soon B. in order to C. for D. as to 14.If it isnt too - for you, could you open this window please? A. many troubles B. much trouble C. much pleasure D. little difficulties 15. The wi

24、ndow is broken, I will have it -. A. to repair B. repairing C. repaired D. be repaired 二、用下列单词或词组的适当形式填空： Believe, believe in, run into, step up, search, search for, carry out, frighten existence, exploration, convince, witness, puzzle, late, sink. 1. The police _ already _ his house but havent foun

25、d any evidence against him. 2. The local government has _campaign against bird flu(禽流感). 3. I _ an old friend in the street the other day. 4. Scientists have been _ the traces of Yetis in Tibet. 5. Do you _ that we will run out of oil in a score of years? 6. As a businessman he _ nothing but money.

26、7. It is highly impossible to _ this plan. 8. There was a _ look on his face when he heard his name called. 9. The roar of wild animals at night sounded very _to the kids. 10. Im fully _ of his innocence(清白) 11. Have you heard from your parents _? 12. She looked past me as if I did not _. 13. There

27、were lots of people _ this historical event. 14. They found nothing of great value in the _ ship. 15. Man has launched many spaceships _ outer space. 三、完形填空 I went to my favorite restaurant one evening to have supper. I knew the owner very well. 1 I was waiting for the soup to arrive, I looked aroun

28、d to see if I knew anyone in the restaurant. It was 2 that I noticed a man sitting at the corner table 3 watching in my direction, as if he knew me. The man had a newspaper open 4 him, which he was 5 to read, though all the while I could see that he was keeping an eye on me. When the waiter brought

29、the soup, the man was clearly 6 by the familiar way in which the waiter and I talked to each other. He became even more puzzled as time went on and it grew more and more obvious that I was well 7 in the restaurant. In the end he got up and went to the kitchen. After a few minutes he came 8 again, pa

30、id his bill and left without 9 looking in my direction. When I finished and was 10 to pay my bill, I called the owner over and 11 him what the man had wanted. The owner at 12 didnt want to tell me. I 13 “ Well”, he said “ that man was a detective.” “ 14 ?” I said, much surprised. “ he followed you h

31、ere because he 15 you were the man he was looking for,” the owner said. “ He showed me a photo of the 16 man. He certainly looked 17 you! Of course since we know you here. I was able to make him 18 that he had made a mistake.” “ Its 19 I came to a restaurant where Im where Im known,” I said, “ other

32、wise I 20 have been taken to police station!” 1.A. While B. After C. Before D. Until 2.A. time B. time C. here D. there 3.A. began B. enjoyed C. kept D. stopped 4.A. behind B. over C. in front of D. beside 5.A. pretending B. seen C. prepared D. hold 6.A. frightened B. surprised C. puzzled D. pleased

33、 7.A. treated B. welcomed C. received D. known 12、淡水在自来水厂中除了沉淀和过滤之外，还要加入药物进行灭菌处理，这样才能符合我们使用的标准。8.A. around B. up C. in D. out 9.A. another B. a C. any D. each 10.A. able B. about C. willing D. anxious 11.A. told B. showed C. asked D. gave 2、物质变化有快有慢，有些变化只改变了物质的形态、形状、大小，没有产生新的不同于原来的物质，我们把这类变化称为物理变化；有

34、些变化产生了新的物质，我们把有新物质生成的变化称为化学变化。12.A. last B. first C. least D. once 13.A. insisted B. apologized C. wondered D. regretted 14.A. Certainly B. Really C. Why D. How 15.A. knew B. found C. explain D. thought 16、在北部天空的小熊座上有著名的北极星，可以借助大熊座比较容易地找到北极星。黑夜可以用北极星辨认方向。16.A. strange B. famous C. wanted D. curious

35、答：我们在水中可发现变形虫、鼓藻、草履虫、船形硅藻等。17.A. for B. at C. after D. like 18.A. believe B. agree C. remember D. learn 12、淡水在自来水厂中除了沉淀和过滤之外，还要加入药物进行灭菌处理，这样才能符合我们使用的标准。19.A. necessary B. funny C. lucky D. clear 19、细胞也是生物最基本的功能单位，生物的呼吸、消化、排泄、生长、发育、繁殖、遗传等生命活动都是通过细胞进行的。20.A. need B. will C. can D. might 答：燃烧的蜡烛变得越来越短，

36、发光发热并伴有气体生成。2、昆虫种类繁多，分布很广，它们有着和其他动物不同的身体构造和本领。答：可以节约能源；减少对环境的污染；降低成本。【参考答案】 一、CADCD, ABBCB, DDDBC 二、1.have,searched 2. stepped up 3. ran into 4.searching for 5.believe 6. believes in 7.carry out 8.puzzled 9. frightening 10. convinced 11. lately 12. exist 13 to witness 14.sunken 15. to explore 三、ABCCA, CDDAB, CBABD, CDACD