高考英语阅读理解之推理判断题课件.pptx

1、高考英语阅读理解专项攻略推理判断题推理判断题考纲解读考纲解读推理判断题通常要求考生不仅要理解原文的推理判断题通常要求考生不仅要理解原文的文字信息，而且还要进行一定的判断和推理，文字信息，而且还要进行一定的判断和推理，并以此推断出文章的隐含意义。推理判断题并以此推断出文章的隐含意义。推理判断题属于主观性很强的高层次阅读理解题，做这属于主观性很强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，类题目时，要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措辞、态度和语气，找出能事实以及作者的措辞、态度和语气，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语，然够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语，然后利

2、用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论从而得出符合逻辑的结论。此时应特别注意：。此时应特别注意：当问及作者的看法、意图与态度时，不要误当问及作者的看法、意图与态度时，不要误认为是在问认为是在问“你你”的想法。的想法。一、考查隐含意义的推断一、考查隐含意义的推断 隐含意义的推断要求考生根据文章内容，推断具体的隐含意义的推断要求考生根据文章内容，推断具体的细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进

3、行推推理判断理判断。考生要把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正。考生要把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，然后作出判断。题干中常出现含义，然后作出判断。题干中常出现等词。等词。infer（推断）（推断），indicate（象征，暗示），（象征，暗示），Imply(暗示暗示)suggest（暗示）（暗示）conclude(作出结论作出结论)assume（假定，设想）（假定，设想）1.It can be inferred from the passage that_.2.The author strongly suggests that_ 3.It can be concluded from t

4、he passage that_.4.The writer implies but not directly states that_5.The writer/author indicates/implies/suggests that_6.The writer talked about.because he thought_主要设题方式有：主要设题方式有：【典型考例】【典型考例】(2018全国全国B).In Save Money:Good Food,she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Teb

5、butt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste,while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day.And the Good Morning Britain presenter says shes been able to put a lot of what shes learnt into practice in her own home,preparing meals for sons,Sam,14,Finn,13,and Jack,11.How does Matt Tebbutt he

6、lp Susanna?A.He buys cooking materials for her.B.He prepares food for her kids.C.He assists her in cooking matters.D.He invites guest families for her.（2016全国卷全国卷 D）“They want your eyeballs and dont care how youre feeling.But when you share a story with your friends,you care a lot more how they reac

7、t.You dont want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”推测隐含意义推测隐含意义What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer?A.Theyre socially inactiveB.Theyre good at telling storiesC.Theyre inconsiderate of othersD.Theyre careful with their wordspositive negativeapproval/approving disapproval/disapprovi

8、ngobjective subjectiveoptimistic pessimisticindifferent reservedneutral unbiasedcritical disgusted doubtful =skeptical sarcastic/ironic humorous favourable supportiveenthusiastic pleasant opposinguninterested not-mentioned积极的，肯定的积极的，肯定的消极的，否定的消极的，否定的赞成赞成不不赞成赞成客观的客观的主观的主观的乐观的乐观的悲观的悲观的漠不关心的漠不关心的保留意见的保

9、留意见的中立的中立的无偏见的，公平的无偏见的，公平的批评的批评的厌恶厌恶的的怀疑的怀疑的 怀疑的怀疑的幽默的幽默的讽刺的讽刺的赞同的赞同的支持的支持的热情的热情的愉快的愉快的未提及的未提及的不感兴趣的不感兴趣的反对反对的的观点态度推断题考查考生是否了解文章作者或者观点态度推断题考查考生是否了解文章作者或者文中人物对某事物所持的观点或者态度。这就要文中人物对某事物所持的观点或者态度。这就要求求考生在正确理解文章大意的基础上，对观点或考生在正确理解文章大意的基础上，对观点或者态度倾向进行分析、识别，者态度倾向进行分析、识别，关注作者对人物心关注作者对人物心理或者细节的描写，对文章所交代的人或者事情

10、理或者细节的描写，对文章所交代的人或者事情进行评判。进行评判。1.The attitude of the author towards something is_2.The writer of the passage seems to think that_3.Whats the authors opinion on.?4.What do we know about sb.in the passage?5.Somebody can be said_.6.What does the author think about.?主要设题方式有:【典型考例】【典型考例】(2017全国全国).Invent

11、ors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s,according to Robert Mann,an airline industry expert.But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality.The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the v

12、ehicle to fly.The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.What is the governments attitude to the development of the flying car?A.CautiousB.Favorable.C.Ambiguous.Disapproving.What did the author think of her winter life in New York?A.Exciting B.Bori

13、ngC.Relaxing D.Annoying(2015全国卷全国卷 B B)The freezing Northeast hasnt been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter,so when thechance came for a weekend to Sarasota,Florida,my bags were packed before you could say“sunshine”.I left for the land of warmth and vitamin C,thinking of beaches and oran

14、ge trees.When we touched down to blue skies and warm air,I sent up a small prayer of gratefulness.推测观点态度推测观点态度三、三、考查写作意图推断考查写作意图推断 写作意图推断要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写写作意图推断要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图和写作手法。作意图和写作手法。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是而是通过文章所提供的事实通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。法或观点。这就要求考生不但要理解文章的主

15、旨大意，这就要求考生不但要理解文章的主旨大意，而且要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行归纳总结和分析而且要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力的能力。主要设题方式有：1.What is the main purpose of the author writing the text?2.The purpose of the text is to get more people to_3.The writer of the story wants to tell us that_4.The fact.is mentioned by the author to show_5.The autho

16、r writes the last paragraph in order to_【典型考例】【典型考例】(2018全国B)Good Morning Britains Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning,but she is cooking up a storm in her latest roleshowing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.In Save Money:Good Foo

17、d,she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste,while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day.And the Good Morning Britain presenter says shes been able to put a lot of what shes learnt into practice in her own home,pr

18、eparing meals for sons,Sam,14,Finn,13,and Jack,11.“We love Mexican churros,so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant,”she explains.“I pay 5 for a portion(一份),but Matt makes them for 26p a portion,because they are flour,water,sugar and oil.Everybody can buy takeaway food,but

19、 sometimes were not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.”The eight-part series(系列节目),Save Money:Good Food,follows in the footsteps of ITVs Save Money:Good Health,which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.What does the author inte

20、nd to do in paragraph 4?A.Summarize the previous paragraphs.B.Provide some advice for the readers.C.Add some background information.D.Introduce a new topic for discussion.【解题思路】解题思路】推理判断题。作者在第四段中提到“The eight-part series(系列节目),Save Money:Good Food,follows in the footsteps of ITVs Save Money:Good Heal

21、th.”,由此可知,作者写这一段是为了提供一些有关节目的背景信息,所以与C项相符。故答案选故答案选C。四、考查文章来源和读者对象推断 推测文章的来源或者读者对象要求读者本身要具备一推测文章的来源或者读者对象要求读者本身要具备一定的常识，这样文章的内容才能与读者本身具备的常识定的常识，这样文章的内容才能与读者本身具备的常识结合起来。比如结合起来。比如读者本身要对报纸、杂志、网络、科普、读者本身要对报纸、杂志、网络、科普、小说、广告、说明书、旅游指南等有基本的了解小说、广告、说明书、旅游指南等有基本的了解，这样，这样才能根据文章的特点对号人座，选出正确的答案。才能根据文章的特点对号人座，选出正确的

22、答案。主要设题方式有：1.This passage would be most likely to be found in_2.The passage is probably taken out of _3.Where does this text probably come from?4.Which section of a magazine is this passage probably taken from?5.The text is intended for(打算为谁所用打算为谁所用)_.（全国卷）Do you always understand the directions on

23、a bottle of medicine?Do you know what is meant by“Take only as directed?”Read the following directions and see if you understand them.To reduce pain,take two tablets(药片)with water,followed by one tablet every eight hours,as required.For night-time and early morning relief(缓解疼痛)take two tablets at be

24、dtime.Do not take more than six tablets in twenty-four hours.For children six to twelve years old,give half the amount.For children under six years old,ask your doctors advice.Reduce the amount if you suffer from restlessness or sleeplessness after taking the medicine.This text is most probably take

25、n from a _.A.textbook B.newsreel(新闻短片)C.doctors notebook D.bottle of medicine 14.More than 30,000 drivers and front seat passengers are killed or seriously injured（受伤）each year.At a speed of only 30 miles per hour it is the same as falling from a third floor window.Wearing a seat belt（安全带）saves live

26、s;it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half.Therefore drivers or front seat passengers over 14 in most vehicles must wear a seat belt.If you do not,you could be fined up to$50.It will not be up to the drivers to make sure you wear your belt.But it will be the drivers respon

27、sibility（责任）to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing seat belt of some kind.However,you do not have to wear a seat belt if you are reversing（倒退）your vehicle or you are making a local delivery（发送）or collection using a special vehicle;or if you have a valid

28、medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it.Make sure these circumstances（情形）apply to you before you decide not to wear your seat belt.Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so,and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it.This t

29、ext is taken from _.A.a medical magazine B.a traffic police report C.an advertisement D.a government information booklet （小册子）More than 30,000 are killed or seriously injured each year.you could be fined up to$50Remember you may be taken to court you may be fined a police reportWATCH CONTROLThis is

30、a watch that James Bond would be proud to wear!This is NOT a watch for ordinary people!gives you a daily weather forecast.reminds you when to hand in your homework.sets off a silent warning alarm when parents or teachers are near.Besides,your PENGO WATCH CONTROL will always tell you the time accurat

31、ely!Originally sold for$199 NOW ONLY$99For further information,click here.推测文章出处推测文章出处Where would you be most likely to find the two texts?A.On a notice board.B.In a company brochure.C.On a teenage website.D.In a college newspaper.1Which of the following might have happened afterwards?2The paragraph

32、(following the passage)will most probably be_.3We can conclude from the passage that_.4Which of the following conclusions can we draw from the passage?主要主要设题方式有：设题方式有：William,Shakespeare said,“The web of our life is of a mingled yarn(纱线),good and ill together.”The above brief review of the applicati

33、on of only one part of human activitiesscience seems to prove what Shakespeare said.But does it have to be so?Must the ill always go together with the good?Are we biologically programmed for war?What do you think the author is most likely to suggest if he continues to write?A.Further application of

34、science to war.B.More reading of William Shakespear.C.Proper use of science in the new century.D.Effective ways to separate the good from the ill.推断上下文内容推断上下文内容Summary:推理判断题的五大技巧：1抓特定信息，逆向或正向推理。抓住某一段话中的关键信息，如关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。2整合全文(段)信息进行推断。做推理题时，有时需要在弄懂全文的基础上，整合与题目相关的信息，综合推理判断，确定最佳结论。3利用语境的褒贬性进行推断。几乎每篇文章的语境都有一定的褒贬性，它反映了主人公的特定心理和情绪状态及作者的写作意图，因此利用好这一点，就能在把握主旨大意的基础上对文章进行准确的逻辑判断。4根据文章的结论推断作者的态度。作者的思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词。5根据上下文的逻辑得出结论。逻辑结论是指严格根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论，而不是根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵。