高中英语IT的用法及练习课件讲义.ppt

1、 IT 的 用法及练习I、用作人称代词的用作人称代词的 itII.用作非人称代词的用作非人称代词的 itIII.用作先行词的用作先行词的 itIV.用在强调句型中的用在强调句型中的 itV.用在固定结构中的用在固定结构中的 itVI.Exercises（1）代替前文提到过的事物。）代替前文提到过的事物。The train has arrived.It arrived half an hour ago.（2）用以代替提示代词）用以代替提示代词this,that。Whats this?Its a knife.Whose watch is that?Its mine.（3）起指示代词的作用，指一个人

2、或事物。）起指示代词的作用，指一个人或事物。Who is knocking at the door?Its me.1.用作人称代词用作人称代词（4）也可以指动物或未知性别的婴儿。也可以指动物或未知性别的婴儿。“Where is the cat?”“Its under the bed.”How about the baby?-Ill take care of it.（5）用于上文提到的情况用于上文提到的情况 Her mother kept telling her not to go out at night,but it didnt help.她母亲老叫她晚上不要出去，但是没用。她母亲老叫她晚上

3、不要出去，但是没用。（2）指环境情况等。）指环境情况等。It was very noisy(quiet)at the very moment.（3）指时间。）指时间。What time is it?Its eight oclock.（4）指季节。）指季节。It often rains in summer here.（5）指距离）指距离。It is a long way to the school.2、用作非人称代词、用作非人称代词（1）指天气指天气Its raining.3.用作先行词的用作先行词的 itv当主语或宾语是动词不定式、动名当主语或宾语是动词不定式、动名词或名词性从句时，常把以上真

4、正词或名词性从句时，常把以上真正的主语放在句末，而用的主语放在句末，而用 it 放在主语放在主语或宾语的位置上，使句子结构更清或宾语的位置上，使句子结构更清楚。这时，楚。这时，it 叫先行词作形式主语叫先行词作形式主语/形式宾语。形式宾语。(1).形式主语形式主语v当主语是动词不定式、动名词或名词性从句当主语是动词不定式、动名词或名词性从句时，常把以上真正的主语放在句末，而用时，常把以上真正的主语放在句末，而用 it 放在主语的位置上，使句子结构更清楚。这放在主语的位置上，使句子结构更清楚。这时，时，it 叫形式主语。叫形式主语。ve.g.Its very useful to master E

5、nglish.vIts no use learning without thinking.vIt worried me that she didnt phone.It is not easy to finish the work in two days.It is no use crying over spilt milk.It is a pity that you didnt read the book.（2）.形式宾语形式宾语当宾语是动词不定式、动名词或名词性从当宾语是动词不定式、动名词或名词性从句时，常把以上真正的主语放在句末，句时，常把以上真正的主语放在句末，而用而用 it 放在宾语的

6、位置上，使句子结构放在宾语的位置上，使句子结构更清楚。这时，更清楚。这时，it 叫形式宾语。叫形式宾语。e.g.I feel it no use crying.vI think it strange that no one would take the money.v注：注：it作形式宾语时，宾语之后一定要有作形式宾语时，宾语之后一定要有宾语补足语。否则，就不能用宾语补足语。否则，就不能用it了。因为了。因为宾语已宾语已经在句末。经在句末。I think it no use arguing with him.I found it very interesting to study Englis

7、h.He made it clear（他说）that he was not interested in that subject.4.用在强调句型中的用在强调句型中的it (1)v强调句子的主语强调句子的主语,宾语宾语,表语或状语时，常用：表语或状语时，常用：v“It is/was+被强调的部分被强调的部分+that连剩余部连剩余部分分”.这种句型不能强调谓语动词。如果强调的这种句型不能强调谓语动词。如果强调的部分是人，可用部分是人，可用who/whom代替代替that。ve.g.He is on duty today in the factory.v v It is he that/who

8、is on duty todayv Its on duty that he is todayv Its today that he is on duty inv Its in the factory that he is4.用在强调句型中的用在强调句型中的it(2)v注注1：-句中的句中的that不能用不能用where/when代替。代替。v注注2：强调句型中的谓语只能有两种：强调句型中的谓语只能有两种：was/is.v注注3：强调主语时，谓语应与主语的人称和数保持：强调主语时，谓语应与主语的人称和数保持一致。一致。ve.g.It is I that am a student.v(不能用不能用

9、is/was/are/were)vIt was Tom and his sister that were praised.v注注4：not until 句型用在强调句型中，主句不再倒句型用在强调句型中，主句不再倒装了。装了。ve.g.It was not until 9 oclock that I went to bed.4.用在强调句型中的用在强调句型中的it(3)v注注5：要检查强调句型与其它句型的区别就是去掉要检查强调句型与其它句型的区别就是去掉“its/wasthat”,在将句子还原，不多一个词不少在将句子还原，不多一个词不少一个词，句子结构完整，就是强调句，否则是其它句型。一个词，句

10、子结构完整，就是强调句，否则是其它句型。ve.g.It was last night that I saw the film.(强强)It was reported that these books sell well.(主从主从)v It is in the place that I was born.（强）（强）ve.g.It is the place where I was born.（定从）（定从）=It is the place that I was born in.4.用在强调句型中的用在强调句型中的it(4)v注注6：在特殊疑问句中，只能强调特殊疑问词。在特殊疑问句中，只能强调特

11、殊疑问词。其结构为：其结构为：“疑问词疑问词+强调句型的一般疑问句？强调句型的一般疑问句？”v即：即：“wh-+is/was it that连剩余部分？连剩余部分？”ve.g.Where were you born?vWhere was it that you were born?vWhere is it that well leave?5.用在固定结构中的itve.g.Take it easy.Take it for granted.Believe it or not.ve.g.“hello!Who is that(speaking)?”“This is john/I(speaking).不

12、能用不能用it代代this区别区别：替代词：替代词one,ones,that,those,it,this,that1)one,ones,that,thoseThat替换单数可数名词或不可数名词；替换单数可数名词或不可数名词；one只替换单数的可数名词。只替换单数的可数名词。The vase on the left is more beautiful than the one on the right.The coffee produced in Brazil is more famous than that in Mexico.That只用于替换表示事物的名词，只用于替换表示事物的名词，而而o

13、ne/ones替换表示人和表示替换表示人和表示事物的名词皆可。事物的名词皆可。His younger sister is taller than the elder one.I need the plastic bags,not the paper ones.The computers in our school are connected to the Internet while those in their school arent.The football players on our team seem to be more energetic than those on your

14、team.That/those一般用于替换有定冠词的名词；一般用于替换有定冠词的名词；one/ones用于替换有用于替换有不定冠词的名词。不定冠词的名词。The style of the building is similar to that of a temple.A CD player made in Japan costs more than one made in Hong Kong.That/those一般不带前置定语，但必须有后置定语。一般不带前置定语，但必须有后置定语。One/ones都可。当替换词的后置定语用所有格的都可。当替换词的后置定语用所有格的of短语或当替换词被短语或当

15、替换词被所有格修饰时，不用所有格修饰时，不用one/ones而用而用that of/those of.I like the vase better than the one/that in another shop.The windows of your flat are cleaner than those of mine.A grandparents job is easier than that of a parent.2)it,this 和和 that都可以替代前文已提到的事或情况，细微差别在于都可以替代前文已提到的事或情况，细微差别在于it不如其余不如其余两者那么强调。两者那么强调。

16、So she decided to paint the door pink.It upset the neighbours a bit.So she decided to paint the house pink.That really upset the neighbours,as you can imagine.当前面提到的事物不止一件时，当前面提到的事物不止一件时，it通常指最先提到的事物，而通常指最先提到的事物，而This/that是指最后提到的事物。是指最后提到的事物。We keep the ice cream machine in the spare room.It is main

17、ly used by the children.(指指 the machine)We keep the ice cream machine in the spare room.This/That is mainly used by the children.(指指the spare room)This可以出现在它所指代的事物之前；而可以出现在它所指代的事物之前；而that则指上文所提到的则指上文所提到的事物。事物。Listen to this!We will have three days off.“A penny saved is a penny earned.”Who said that?

18、3)It和和oneIt用以指特定的前面提到过的事物，即：用以指特定的前面提到过的事物，即：it和它替换的是同一个和它替换的是同一个事物，事物，it前无修饰语；而前无修饰语；而one用于替换与前提事物有共同之处用于替换与前提事物有共同之处但并不完全一样的事物，因此，但并不完全一样的事物，因此，one之前或之后一定有修饰语之前或之后一定有修饰语来加以区别。来加以区别。I bought a dictionary three years ago and I am still using it now.I bought a dictionary three years ago but I am goin

19、g to buy a new one soon.I.Discuss the following sentences and tell the function of“it”:1.Its difficult to remember all their names.2.Its very quiet in the caf.3.It rained for three days.4.He made it clear that he didnt want to speak to me.5.It was nice to meeting you.6.It was on Tuesday that Smith c

20、ame.7.Its three miles from here to the nearest garage.8.A tall man stood up and shook hands.It was captain Lawrie.9.I hear you bought a new bike.Can you show it to me?10.It was five a clock when we got back home yesterday.11.It was dirty and wet below the ship where the slaves were kept.12.It was on

21、 this coast that lots of his people disappeared.13.It was most likely that one third of them had lost their lives.6.Exercises精典名题导解精典名题导解 选择填空选择填空1._ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.(NMET 1995)A.There B.This C.That D.It 解析：答案为解析：答案为D。本题考查作形式主语的本题考查作形式主语的用法。用法。th

22、at引导的从句是真正的主语。为引导的从句是真正的主语。为避免头重脚轻而平衡句子结构，将避免头重脚轻而平衡句子结构，将it置于句置于句首作形式主语。首作形式主语。2.I hope there are enough glasse for each guest to have _.(NMET 1995)A.it B.those C.them D.one解析：答案为解析：答案为D。本题考查替代词。本题考查替代词it和和one的区别。的区别。it用于替代同类的、特定的、用于替代同类的、特定的、同一的事物；同一的事物；one替代同类的、泛指的人替代同类的、泛指的人或物。根据题意或物。根据题意“我希望有足够

23、的杯子使我希望有足够的杯子使每个客人有一个。每个客人有一个。”可知应用可知应用one泛指泛指enough glasses中的一中的一个。个。3.Was _ that I saw last night at the concert?A.it you B.not you C.you D.that yourself解析：答案为解析：答案为A。本题考查强调句型的疑。本题考查强调句型的疑问式。只须将句序变为陈述句便不难得出答问式。只须将句序变为陈述句便不难得出答案。案。5.I have always been honest and straightforward,And it doesnt matter

24、_Im talking to.A.who is it B.who it isC.it is who D.it is whom6.It wont be long _ he comes to our help.A.before B.since C.after D.when7.(05上海38）_in the regulation that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.A.What is required B.what requires C.It is required D.It requir

25、es返回目录考点预测 1.Do you see those three girls?I know _ in the middle.A.one B.a one C.this one D.the one 【解析】根据“three girls”这一语境的限定，中间的那个女孩当然为特指，故用the one（相当于the girl）。选项C中的this与前句中的those不一致。D 【答案】代 词返回目录考点预测 2.As a student,we do need a lot of exercises to make the text knowledge _.A.to be ours B.our own

26、 C.of our own D.ours own代 词 【解析】动词make可接名词作宾补，表示“使（宾语）成为”。如：Marx made London the base for his revolutionary work.试题中的“our own”即“our own knowledge”，是动词make后的宾补，该部分意思为“使课本知识成为自己的知识”。【答案】B返回目录考点预测 3.In the time _ takes to drink a cup of coffee,customers can get a pair of special-made shoes in this stor

27、e.A.it B.one C.that D.when代 词 【解析解析】本句为本句为“It takes time to do sthIt takes time to do sth.”.”句型，句型，it takes it takes to drink a to drink a cup of coffeecup of coffee为定语从句，修饰为定语从句，修饰the time,the time,定语从句中定语从句中省略了作宾语的关系代词省略了作宾语的关系代词thatthat。如用。如用oneone，则与句子的主语，则与句子的主语the customersthe customers在人称上不一致

28、。在人称上不一致。【答案】A返回目录 4.Come as quickly as you can,Jack.Sure,_ wont be long.A.I B.you C.that D.it 考点预测代 词 【解析解析】“I wont be long.”I wont be long.”为一固定说法，表示为一固定说法，表示“我我很快就来（完）了很快就来（完）了”。以人作主语，形容词。以人作主语，形容词longlong作表语的这作表语的这种用法又如：种用法又如：Will you be long?Will you be long?你要花很久的时间吗？你要花很久的时间吗？Dont be long abo

29、ut it.Dont be long about it.别慢吞吞的。关于选项别慢吞吞的。关于选项D D，it it虽然可虽然可表时间，但不合本句的语境表时间，但不合本句的语境。【答案】A返回目录 5.Some students like to be told about American culture but are less interested in spending the time and the effort to actually experience _.A.one B.it C.those D.them考点预测代 词 【解析解析】it it 在句中作动词在句中作动词exper

30、ienceexperience的宾语，代替上文提的宾语，代替上文提到的到的American cultureAmerican culture。it it和和oneone都可以代替前面提到的某个名都可以代替前面提到的某个名词。词。it it所代替的是前面提到的特指的事物；而所代替的是前面提到的特指的事物；而oneone所代替的是所代替的是前面提到的同类事物前面提到的同类事物,但不是同一个事物。但不是同一个事物。【答案】B返回目录 6.Mr.Smiths love for us students is like _ for a son or a daughter.That is why we all

31、 respect and love him.A.that B.it C.which D.those 考点预测代 词 【解析解析】that可以作为替代词，代替前面的某个名词以避免措词重复，这可以作为替代词，代替前面的某个名词以避免措词重复，这种替代词种替代词that代替的是代替的是“the+单数名词单数名词”，句中的，句中的that即即“the love”。相应。相应地，替代词地，替代词those代替代替“the+复数名词复数名词”。另有一对替代词：。另有一对替代词：one和和ones,one代替的是代替的是“a+单数名词单数名词”；ones代替代替“泛指的复数名词泛指的复数名词”。如：。如：T

32、he engine of your car is better than that of mine.(that=the engine)The book is different from those we have read before.(those=the books)Im looking for a house.Id really like one with a garden.(one=a house)There were a few young people with some older ones in the house.(ones=people)【答案】A返回目录B 【答案】7.

33、Among _ are some foreigners who attend Chinese classes at our college.A.we students B.us students C.students of us D.us of students 【解析】句中us是作介词among的宾语，students为宾语us的同位语。当然，这类表达位于主语部分时，则用人称代词的主格形式。如：We students should learn how to learn.考点预测代 词返回目录C 【答案】考点预测代 词8.There are a few shops at the end of

34、the street but _ of them sell newspapers.A.neither B.either C.none D.no one 【解析】none表示“三者以上的人或事物中没有一个”，这与前面的a few相呼应。no one表人，且一般不接of短语。返回目录D 【答案】考点预测代 词9.Can you phone John for me?Why cant you phone _?A.himself yourself B.yourself him C.yourself himself D.him yourself 【解析解析】himhim为动词为动词phonephone的宾

35、语；的宾语；yourselfyourself为反身代词作为反身代词作主语同位语，表示主语同位语，表示“主语本人自己做某事主语本人自己做某事”。反身代词常见的。反身代词常见的一个用法是在句中作主语同位语，其位置可在主语后面，也可一个用法是在句中作主语同位语，其位置可在主语后面，也可在句子后面。如：在句子后面。如：He did it himself.He did it himself.（=He himself did it.=He himself did it.）返回目录考点预测代 词 10.I had no idea which was better,so I took _ of them.A.all B.any C.every D.both 【解析】根据“better”一词，可确定数量上是两个，故用both。every在数量上指三个或三个以上，并且在句中只作定语，不作主语和宾语。D 【答案】