高三英语一轮复习语法专题：非谓语动词)课件.pptx

1、非谓语动词重温高考内容索引专题精析考点集训重温高考.单句语法填空单句语法填空1.Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet.They are required _ (process)the food that we eat，to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.(2017全国全国)解析解析require sth./sb.to do sth.需要某物需要某物/某人做某事，此处用其被动某人做某事，此处用其被动语态结构，所以填动词不定式语态结构，所以填动词不定式t

2、o process作主语补足语。作主语补足语。考向1作宾语或补足语答案解析to12345process2.Fast food is full of fat and salt；by (eat)more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.(2017全国全国)解析解析表示方式的介词表示方式的介词by之后接动名词作宾语。之后接动名词作宾语。答案解析eating123453.This included digging up the road，(lay)the track and then bu

3、ilding a strong roof over the top.(2017全国全国)解析解析included后的后的dig，lay，build是三个并列的动作，根据是三个并列的动作，根据digging及及building可知，可知，lay也应用动名词形式作也应用动名词形式作included的宾语。的宾语。答案解析laying123454.But Sarah，who has taken part in shows along with top models，wants (prove)that she has brains as well as beauty.(2017全国全国)解析解析wan

4、t to do sth.想要做某事，动词不定式作想要做某事，动词不定式作want的宾语。的宾语。答案解析to prove123455.In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to“air condition”a house without (use)electric equipment.(2015全国全国)解析解析介词介词without之后的动词要用动名词形式。之后的动词要用动名词形式。答案解析using12345.单句改错单句改错(每小题仅有每小题

5、仅有1处错误处错误)1.When summer comes，they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables！(2017全国全国)答案12345解析解析解析invite sb.to do sth.邀请某人做某事。邀请某人做某事。to2.I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.(2016全国全国)答案wearing解析解析解析此处用动名词作介词此处用动名词作介词by的宾语。的宾语。123453.He would ask who we were and pret

6、end not to knowing us.(2016浙江浙江)答案know解析解析解析pretend后面接不定式作宾语，这里是其否定式后面接不定式作宾语，这里是其否定式pretend not to do，故把，故把knowing改为改为know。123454.We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.(2016全国全国)答案taking解析解析解析此处为此处为between.and.结构，连接动名词短语作宾语，故此处结构，连接动名词短语作宾语，故此处也要用动名词形式，与前面保持一致。也要用动名词形式，与前面保持一致。12345

7、5.The position of the classroom with its view made me felt like I was dreaming.(2015浙江浙江)答案feel解析解析解析make后跟复合宾语，当宾补为动词且与宾语之间为逻辑上的主后跟复合宾语，当宾补为动词且与宾语之间为逻辑上的主谓关系时，用动词原形。谓关系时，用动词原形。12345.单句语法填空单句语法填空It took years of work (reduce)the industrial pollution and clean the water.(2014新课标全国新课标全国)答案to reduce解析解

8、析解析句中句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式，该句结构为是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式，该句结构为It takes/took时间时间to do sth.。考向2作主语或表语.单句改错单句改错(每小题仅有每小题仅有1处错误处错误)1.In their spare time，they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden，which is on the rooftop of their house.(2017全国全国)答案interested解析解析解析interesting意为意为“有趣的有趣的”，多指事物；，多

9、指事物；interested意为意为“感兴感兴趣的趣的”，多指人。该句的主语是，多指人。该句的主语是they，故用，故用interested作表语。作表语。be interested in意为意为“对对感兴趣感兴趣”。122.Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner，which might not be served until 8 oclock at night.(2013新课标全国新课标全国)答案Having解析解析解析分析句式结构可知句子的主语应为分析句式结构可知句子的主语应为Hav

10、e tea in the late afternoon这这部分，动词原形不能作句子的主语，所以应该用动名词形式作主语。部分，动词原形不能作句子的主语，所以应该用动名词形式作主语。121234单句语法填空单句语法填空1.But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s，when I was the first Western TV reporter (permit)to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvat

11、ion in the wild.(2016全国全国)答案permitted解析解析解析因为句中已有谓语动词因为句中已有谓语动词was，故此处要用非谓语动词形式。因，故此处要用非谓语动词形式。因permit与与reporter之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词形式作后之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词形式作后置定语。置定语。考向3作定语2.For 25 days，she never left her baby，not even to find something (eat)！(2016四川四川)答案to eat解析解析解析不定式不定式to eat作定语，修饰前面的不定代词作定语，修饰前面

12、的不定代词something。句意为：。句意为：25天中，她寸步不离她的孩子，甚至不去找东西吃！天中，她寸步不离她的孩子，甚至不去找东西吃！12343.Abercrombie&Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people (live)in Shanghai and Hong Kong.(2015全国全国)答案living解析解析解析句中已有谓语动词句中已有谓语动词arranges，故应考虑此处填非谓语动词。由，故应考虑此处填非谓语动词。由于于live与其所

13、修饰的名词与其所修饰的名词people之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用表示主之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用表示主动意义的现在分词形式作定语。动意义的现在分词形式作定语。12344.A study of travelers (conduct)by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.(2015全国全国)答案conducted解析解析解析句意为：句意为：TripAdvisor网站进行的一项对于旅行者的调查把阳朔网站进行的一项对于旅行者的调查把阳朔列为世界十佳旅游目的地之

14、一。根据句意和句子结构可知，列为世界十佳旅游目的地之一。根据句意和句子结构可知，study与与conduct构成逻辑上的被动关系，故此处应该使用过去分词作定语，修构成逻辑上的被动关系，故此处应该使用过去分词作定语，修饰名词饰名词study。1234.单句语法填空单句语法填空1.Sixteen years earlier，Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring (cook)a meal.(2017浙江浙江)解析解析Pahlsson当时摘掉钻戒的目的是为了做饭，故用动词不定式作目当时摘掉钻戒的目的是为了做饭，故用动词不定式作目的状语。的状语。答案解析to coo

15、k123考向4作状语2.Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal (create)special designs.(2016全国全国)解析解析句中已有谓语句中已有谓语combine，故此处应考虑填非谓语动词，故此处应考虑填非谓语动词，combine various hardwoods and metal的目的是的目的是to create special designs，故填动，故填动词不定式作目的状语。词不定式作目的状语。答案解析to create1233.The Chinese have used chopsticks

16、for five thousand years.People probably cooked their food in large pots，(use)twigs(树枝树枝)to remove it.(2016全国全国)解析解析第二句中已有谓语第二句中已有谓语cooked，且无其他连词，且无其他连词，use与主句主语存在与主句主语存在主动关系，故填现在分词形式作方式状语。主动关系，故填现在分词形式作方式状语。答案解析using123.单句改错单句改错(仅有仅有1处错误处错误)I might have to retire again next year just get some more o

17、f these biscuits.(2015陕西陕西)答案解析解析解析句意为：我也许明年得再退休一次，只是为了能得到更多的饼句意为：我也许明年得再退休一次，只是为了能得到更多的饼干。故此处用动词不定式表示目的。干。故此处用动词不定式表示目的。to.单句语法填空单句语法填空1.But unlike her school friends,16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term (rest).(2017全国全国)答案resting考向5固定搭配解析解析解析spend time(in)doing sth.为固定搭配。为固定搭配。1232.If you f

18、ind something you love doing outside of the office，youll be less likely (bring)your work home.(2016全国全国)答案to bring解析解析解析固定表达固定表达be likely to do.很可能做某事。很可能做某事。1233.When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough (cool)the house during the hot day；at the same time，they

19、 warm up again for the night.(2015全国全国)答案解析解析解析“形容词形容词enough动词不定式动词不定式”为常用句式。为常用句式。123to cool.单句改错单句改错(每小题仅有每小题仅有1处错误处错误)1.The instructor kept repeating the words，“Speed up！”“Slow down！”“Turning left！”(2017全国全国I)答案解析解析解析根据前面教练发出的两个指令可知，这三个属于并列结构，都根据前面教练发出的两个指令可知，这三个属于并列结构，都是祈使句，都以动词原形开头。是祈使句，都以动词原形开

20、头。12Turn2.Weve been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars.(2015四川四川)答案解析解析解析spend time(in)doing sth.花费时间做某事，为固定搭配。花费时间做某事，为固定搭配。12singing专题精析非谓语动词的形式及句法功能非谓语动词的形式及句法功能种类种类时态时态主动主动被动被动主语主语 宾语宾语 宾补宾补 表语表语 定语定语 状语状语不定式不定式一般式一般式to doto be done进行式进行式to be doing完成式完成式to have doneto have been done动名词

21、动名词一般式一般式doingbeing done完成式完成式having donehaving been done分分词词现现在在一般式一般式doingbeing done完成式完成式 having donehaving been done过过去去一般式一般式done(vi.)表表完成完成done(vt.)表表被动与完成被动与完成非谓语动词的核心考点非谓语动词的核心考点1.非谓语动词作状语非谓语动词作状语(1)不定式作状语不定式作状语表示目的表示目的I stopped the car to take a short break as I was feeling tired.不定式作结果状语表示

22、出乎意料的结果，动词不定式前常加不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果，动词不定式前常加only。George returned after the war，only to be told that his wife had left him.(2)现在分词作状语现在分词作状语一般式一般式doing表示动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生，与句子的主语是主动关系。表示动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生，与句子的主语是主动关系。The sun began to rise in the sky，bathing the mountain in golden light.(主动关系主动关系)完成式完成式havi

23、ng done表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。I got to the office earlier that day，having caught the 7：30 train from Paddington.被动式被动式having been done表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，与句子的主语是被动关系。表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，与句子的主语是被动关系。Having been asked to work overtime that evening，I missed a wonderful film.(被动意义，非谓语动词的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前被动意义，非谓语动词

24、的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前)(3)过去分词作状语过去分词作状语过去分词作状语时，与句子主语之间是被动关系。过去分词作状语时，与句子主语之间是被动关系。Seen from the top of the mountain，the city is very beautiful.(被动关系被动关系)2.非谓语动词作定语非谓语动词作定语(1)现在分词作定语现在分词作定语现在分词现在分词(短语短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。表示该动作的主动和进行。Laura was away in Paris for over

25、 a week.When she got home，there was a pile of mails waiting for her.(2)不定式作定语不定式作定语不定式作定语表示未做的事情。不定式作定语表示未做的事情。His first book to be published next month is based on a true story.不定式作定语的特殊用法：不定式作定语的特殊用法：下列词语后常接不定式作定语：下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance，right，courage，promise，time，opportunity，way，the first，the second

26、，the last，the only等。等。不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。There is no one to look after her.不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。She is now looking for a room to live in.(3)过去分词作定语过去分词作定语过去分词过去分词(短语短语)作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系，表示该作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系，表示该动作的被动或完成。动作的被动或完成。You cannot accept an

27、 opinion offered to you unless it is based on facts.His first book published last month is based on a true story.注意：注意：表示心理状态的动词表示心理状态的动词-ing形式，意为形式，意为“令人令人的的”；动词；动词-ed形形式，意为式，意为“(人人)感到感到的的”，也可修饰体现内心感受的，也可修饰体现内心感受的look，expression，tears，smile，voice等名词。等名词。3.非谓语动词作宾语非谓语动词作宾语(1)动词动词afford，promise，refus

28、e，expect，hope，learn，offer，wish，want，fail，plan，agree，forget，like，prefer，decide，manage，try，arrange，determine，desire等后面接不定式作宾语；动词等后面接不定式作宾语；动词come，get，grow后接不定式作宾语时，意为后接不定式作宾语时，意为“逐渐地逐渐地”。David refused to accept my invitation.She has a hot temper，but you will grow to like her.注意：注意：下列单词或短语后可接下列单词或短语后可接

29、“疑问词不定式疑问词不定式”作宾语：作宾语：teach，decide，wonder，show，learn，forget，ask，find out，advise，discuss等。等。I dont know how to deal with this kind of matter.(2)动词动词admit，appreciate，avoid，consider(考虑考虑)，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，finish，imagine，keep，mind，miss，practise，risk，resist，suggest等后要接动名词作宾语。等后要接动名词作宾语。B

30、ill suggested holding a meeting on what to do for the Expo during the vacation.动词短语动词短语cant stand，give up，feel like，keep on，insist on，look forward to，put off，devote.to，object to，be busy(in)，get down to，have difficulty/trouble(in)，have a good/wonderful/hard time(in)，have fun等后要接动名词作宾语。等后要接动名词作宾语。I ha

31、d great difficulty(in)finding the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.介词后要接动名词作宾语，如介词后要接动名词作宾语，如what about，how about，be fond of，be good at等的介词后接动名词。注意等的介词后接动名词。注意on/upon doing sth.as soon as 引导的引导的从句，作此意讲时从句，作此意讲时on/upon后也可以接名词。后也可以接名词。On his arrival/On arriving at the station，he found the

32、train had just started.注意注意：表示一种倾向多接动名词作宾语；表示某一特定的或具体的行表示一种倾向多接动名词作宾语；表示某一特定的或具体的行动，多接不定式作宾语。动，多接不定式作宾语。I like listening to music，but today I dont like to.want，require，need表表“需要需要”讲，后用不定式时，要用其被动形式；讲，后用不定式时，要用其被动形式；用动名词时，用其主动形式用动名词时，用其主动形式(表被动意义表被动意义)。The patient required to be examined.The patient r

33、equired examining.4.非谓语动词作主语非谓语动词作主语(1)动名词作主语动名词作主语Hearing how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.It is no use crying over spilt milk.(动名词短语作主语，动名词短语作主语，it作形式主语作形式主语)(2)不定式作主语不定式作主语To see is to believe.Seeing is believing.It is important to respect people.(不定式短语作主语

34、，不定式短语作主语，it作形式主语作形式主语)5.非谓语动词作宾补非谓语动词作宾补(1)分词作补语的区别分词作补语的区别现在分词作宾补的两大特征：一是宾语与现在分词有主谓关系；二是现在分词作宾补的两大特征：一是宾语与现在分词有主谓关系；二是现在分词所表示的动作正在进行。可接现在分词作宾补的动词现在分词所表示的动作正在进行。可接现在分词作宾补的动词(短语短语)常常见的有：见的有：have，see，hear，find，get，leave，notice，watch，keep，start，set，catch，smell，feel，send，listen to，look at等。等。I looked u

35、p and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.I wont have you speaking to your dad like that.I heard an English song being sung by a little girl when I passed by her room yesterday.(被动，正在进行被动，正在进行)过去分词作宾补的两大特征：一是及物动词的过去分词作宾补与宾语过去分词作宾补的两大特征：一是及物动词的过去分词作宾补与宾语有动宾关系；二是不及物动词的过去

36、分词作宾补与宾语有主谓关系，多有动宾关系；二是不及物动词的过去分词作宾补与宾语有主谓关系，多用来表示动作已完成。可接过去分词作宾补的动词有：用来表示动作已完成。可接过去分词作宾补的动词有：have，see，hear，find，leave，want，make等。等。Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left.I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much.(2)不定式作补语不定式作补语接带接带to的不定式作宾补，此类动词的不定式作宾补，此类动词(短语短语)有：有：

37、advise，allow，ask，cause，command，encourage，expect，forbid，force，get，invite，leave，like，mean，order，permit，persuade，prefer，request，tell，want，warn，wish，call on，depend on/upon，long for，wait for等。等。I didnt mean you to hear it.Were all longing for the new term to begin.接不带接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词的不定式作宾补的动词(短语短语)有：有：ma

38、ke，have，let等使役动等使役动词以及词以及see，watch，notice，observe，look at，feel，hear，listen to等感等感官动词。如果这些动词或短语用于被动语态，则官动词。如果这些动词或短语用于被动语态，则to不可省略。动词不可省略。动词help后的不定式符号后的不定式符号to可以省略，也可以保留。可以省略，也可以保留。Let those in need understand that we will go all out to help them.She was seen to enter the managers office ten minutes

39、 ago.(3)with宾语宾补宾语宾补The man felt very happy with so many children sitting around him.John received an invitation to dinner，and with his work finished，he gladly accepted it.With a lot of difficult problems to settle，the newly elected president is having a hard time.6.非谓语动词作表语非谓语动词作表语(1)动名词作表语时，说明主语的内

40、容。动名词作表语时，说明主语的内容。The queens work is laying eggs.(2)不定式作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作，或表示将来的动作。不定式作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作，或表示将来的动作。His ambition is to go to Harvard University.注意：注意：现在分词或过去分词作表语时，通常为分词化的形容词。现在分词或过去分词作表语时，通常为分词化的形容词。考点集训.单句语法填空单句语法填空1.He suddenly appeared in class one day，(wear)sunglasses.2.She wished tha

41、t he was as easy (please)as her mother，who was always delighted with perfume.3.(build)in 1192，the bridge is over 800 years old.4.(collect)stamps seems to be his main hobby.5.I didnt talk much to the man (sit)next to me.6.Weather (permit)，well have an outing tomorrow.wearingto pleaseBuiltCollectingsi

42、ttingpermitting.单句改错单句改错(每小题仅有每小题仅有1处错误处错误)1.I also shared with my friends many photos taking in Beijing.2.Well，I had better to stop now.3.I look forward to see her again in the near future.4.Felt hungry，we built a fire by the lake and barbecued a fish.5.We should find ways to reuse the water using

43、in washing.takenseeingFeelingused.语法填空语法填空(非谓语动词专练非谓语动词专练)There is a wonderful story about a young girl who had no family and no one 1.(love)her.One day,2.(feel)very sad and lonely，she was walking through a grassland when she noticed a small butterfly 3.(catch)in a thorny bush.The young girl careful

44、ly released the butterfly.Instead of 4.(fly)away，the little butterfly changed into a beautiful fairy.“In return for your wonderful kindness，”the good fairy said to the girl，“I will give you any wish that you would like 5.(get).”The little girl thought for a moment and then replied，“I want to be happ

45、y.”to lovefeelingcaughtflyingto get6.(lean)toward her，the fairy whispered in her ear and then disappeared.With the little girl 7.(grow)up，there was no one in the land happier than she was.Everyone wanted to make themselves 8.(tell)the secret of happiness by her.She would only smile and answer，“The s

46、ecret of my happiness is that I listened to a good fairy when I was a little girl.”When she was dying，the neighbors all gathered around her,9.(fear)that her unbelievable secret of happiness would die with her.So they begged her 10.(tell)them what the good fairy said.The lovely old woman simply smile

47、d and said，“She told me that everyone，no matter how old or young，how rich or poor，had need of me.”Leaninggrowingtoldfearingto tell1.缺少非谓语动词的主动与被动意识缺少非谓语动词的主动与被动意识书面表达中非谓语动词易错点聚焦书面表达中非谓语动词易错点聚焦(误误)We thought it wrong for her to punish.(正正)We thought it wrong for her to be punished.(误误)The man lay on

48、his back，with his whole body burying in the sand.(正正)The man lay on his back，with his whole body buried in the sand.2.缺少搭配意识缺少搭配意识(误误)Would you please stop to watch TV？You have watched it for too long.(正正)Would you please stop watching TV？You have watched it for too long.(误误)Your suit needs to iron.

49、(正正)Your suit needs ironing.(正正)Your suit needs to be ironed.3.缺少前后主语一致意识缺少前后主语一致意识(误误)Before handing in your test paper，it is necessary to go over the whole paper.(正正)Before handing in your test paper，you should go over the whole paper.(正正)Before you hand in your test paper，you should go over the whole paper.(误误)Time permits，Ill talk for another hour.(正正)Time permitting，Ill talk for another hour.(误误)Having not been in the city long，I was still a stranger there.(正正)Not having been in the city long，I was still a stranger there.4.缺少结构意识缺少结构意识