英语诗歌欣赏知识详细课件.pptx

1、 英语诗歌欣赏英语诗歌欣赏 Evaluation and Appreciation of English Poetry“The literature that is written in some kind of verse form.-a readers definition“the best words in the best order.”-Samuel Taylor Coleridge“not the assertion that something is true,but the making of that truth more fully real to us.”-T.S.Eli

2、otLiterature that is not prose 1.a musical effect created by rhythm and sounds2.a precise and fresh imagery3.multiple levels of interpretation by the connotation of closer words and by allusions.The Musical Effect of Poetry Poetry has its roots in song.epics,ballads,traveling bards,minstrels Musical

3、 effects are mainly created by rhythm.Foot-a group of syllables forming a metrical unit,a unit of rhythm.Meter-the pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables used in poem.伐木丁丁，鸟鸣嘤嘤。伐木丁丁，鸟鸣嘤嘤。四言诗四言诗欲穷千里目，更上一层楼。欲穷千里目，更上一层楼。五言诗五言诗 春风又绿江南岸。春风又绿江南岸。七言诗七言诗monometer（单音步（单音步)pentameter（五音步）（五音步）dimeter（双音

4、步）（双音步）hexameter（六音步）（六音步）trimeter（三音步）（三音步）heptameter（七音步）（七音步）tetrameter（四音步）（四音步）octameter（八音步）（八音步）雪压雪压冬云冬云白絮白絮飞飞 1 2 3 4 tetrameter Twinkle twinkle little star tetrameter 阴平、阳平、阴平、阳平、上声、去声上声、去声 平平 仄仄老夫喜作黄昏颂，满目青山夕照明。老夫喜作黄昏颂，满目青山夕照明。仄平仄仄平平仄，仄仄平平仄仄平。仄平仄仄平平仄，仄仄平平仄仄平。平仄互协平仄互协“音乐的和有趣的思想结合音乐的和有趣的思想结合”

5、爱伦爱伦坡坡“欲调曼声，必谐三声欲调曼声，必谐三声“（平、上、去）（平、上、去）高低疾徐抑扬顿挫高低疾徐抑扬顿挫 汉语四声调的特色汉语四声调的特色阴平声轻，阳平声重，上声后而举，去声清而远阴平声轻，阳平声重，上声后而举，去声清而远 stressed-accent 重音重音扬扬unstressed-unaccented 轻音轻音抑抑five metric patterns （音律）（音律）1Iambic 抑扬格抑扬格 :control2Trochaic 扬抑格扬抑格 :tiger3Anapestic 抑抑扬格抑抑扬格 :contradict4Dactylic 扬抑抑格扬抑抑格 :foolishn

6、ess5Spondaic 扬扬格扬扬格 :moonstone l l The sky is high,the clouds are pale.-iambic tetrameter 四步抑扬格四步抑扬格 l l Double double toil and trouble Fire burn and cauldron bubble -Shakespeare Its trochaic tetrameter.(四步扬抑格四步扬抑格)l l Like a child from the womb Like a ghost from the tomb I arise and inbuilt it agai

7、n.-Shelley -Anapestic tetrameter and trimeter l l Id a dream to-night,As I feel asleep -anapestic and iambic dimeterElegy written in a Country Churchyard -Thomas GrayThe curfew tolls the knell of parting day,The lowing herd wind slowing oer the lea,The plowman homeward plods his weary way,And leaves

8、 the world to darkness and me.The cur few tolls the knell of par ting day,The low ing herd wind slow ing oer the lea,The plow man homeward plodshis weary way,And leaves the world to dark ness and me.There was a young la dy of Ni ger Who smiled as she rode on a ti ger They returned from the ride With

9、 the la dy in side And the smile on the face of the ti gerA poem for appreciation-good and harmonious combination of rhythm and rhyme.My Hearts in the Highlands.-Robert BurnsMy hearts in the Highlands,my heart is not here,My hearts in the Highlands a-chasing the dear,A-chasing the wild deer and foll

10、owing the roe-My hearts in the Highlands,wherever I go?Farewell to the Highlands,farewell to the North,The birthplace of valor,the country of worth,Wherever I wonder,wherever I rove,The hills of Highlands for ever I love.Farewell to the mountains high covered with snow,Farewell to the straths and gr

11、een valleys below,Farewell to the forests and wild-hanging woods,Farewell to the torrents and loud-pouring floods.*Rhyme(rime)大江歌罢掉头东大江歌罢掉头东 dong a 邃密群科济世穷邃密群科济世穷 qiong a rime together面壁十年图破壁面壁十年图破壁,bi b难酬滔海亦英雄难酬滔海亦英雄.xiong a A book of verse underneath the bough,A jug of wine,a loaf of bread-and tho

12、u,Beside me singing in the wilderness,O,wildness were paradise enow.The first,second and fourth line rime together.From Omar Kheyyan-by Edward Fitzgerald鲁拜集鲁拜集 美酒佐干粮，美酒佐干粮，树荫诵诗章，树荫诵诗章，君喉歌宛转，君喉歌宛转，荒漠即天堂。荒漠即天堂。郭沫若（译）郭沫若（译）Types of Rhyme1.1.End rhyme（尾韵）（尾韵）-rhyme established at the end of verse line.2

13、.Internal rhyme（中间韵）（中间韵）-rhyme contained within a line of verse.Spring -Thomas NashSpring,the sweet spring,is the years pleasant kingThen blooms each thing,then maids dance in ringCold doth not sting,the pretty birds do sing.Cuckoo,jug-jug,pu-we,to-witta-woo!The palm and may make country houses gay

14、Lambs frisk and play,the shepherds pipe all day,And we hear ay birds tune this merry layCuckoo,jug-jug,pu-we,to-witta-woo!The fields breathe sweet,The daisies kiss our feet;Young lovers meet,Old wives a-sunning sit;In every street these tunes our ears do greetCuckoo,jug-jug,pu-we,to-witta-woo!Spring

15、!the sweet spring:The first stanza:spring-thing-stingking-ring-singThe second stanza:may-play-aygay-day-lay The third stanza:Sweet-meet-streetFeet-sit-great Cuckoo,jug-jug,pu-we,to-witta-woo!3.Slant rhyme-an inexact rhyme where the final consonant sounds are the same but the vowel sounds are differe

16、nt.near rhyme,half-rhyme,partial rhyme.And by his smile,I know that sullen hall,By his dead smile,I know we stood in hell.1.4.Eye rhyme-the rhyming of two words which look as if theyd rhyme,but do not.e.g.move-love1)One syllable rhyme（押单韵）（押单韵）or single rhyme-usually called as masculine rime,male ri

17、me.2)Double rhyme（押双韵）（押双韵）-rhyme in which two consecutive syllables of the rhyme words match.The first syllable carries the stress.Lightness,elegance feminine,female rhymee.g:motion-ocean waken-forsaken audition-rendition3)Triple rhyme（三重韵）（三重韵）e.g:glorious-victorious*Other musical devices-the use

18、of sounds 1.Alliteration 首字韵首字韵-repetition of two or more initial consonants sounds in words within a verse line.e.g:When fortitude has lost its fire,And freezes into fear.Itylus -SwinburneSwallow,my sister,o,sister,swallow,Why wilt thou fly after spring to the South,The soft south wither thine hear

19、t is set.bag and baggageMight and mainhale and heartyTime and tide wait for no manthick and thinfit as a fiddlea pig in a poke12.Onomatopoeia 拟声词拟声词-the use of a word whose sound suggests its meaning or which imitates the sound made by an object or creature.e.g:cuckoo,jug-jug.3.Assonance 半谐词半谐词-the

20、repetition of two or more vowel sounds within a line e.g:lake-fate feed-needs mate-shape 4.Consonants 押辅音押辅音-the repetition of two or more consonants sounds within a line.e.g:The splendor falls on castle walls.Homework:The Tyger -William BlakeTyger!Tyger!burning brightIn the forests of the NightWhat

21、 immortal hand or eyeCould frame thy fearful symmetry?In what distant deeps or skiesBurnt the fire of thine eyes?On what wings dare he aspire?What the hand dare seize the fire?And what shoulder,and what art,Could twist the sinews of thy heart?And when thy heart began to beat,What dread hand?and what

22、 dread feet?What the hammer?What the chain?In what furnace was thy brain?What the anvil?What dread graspDare its deadly terrors clasp?When the stars threw down their spearsAnd watered heaven with their tears.Did he who made the lamb make thee?Tyger!Tyger!burning brightIn the forests of the night.Wha

23、t immortal hand or eyeDare frame thy fearful symmetry?Whats the Tyger standing for?What does it symbolize for?A.God B.the natures power C.the people D.revolution Rhythm Foot or meter:mostly 3 feet in one line-trimeterMetric pattern:mostly trochaic Tyger!Tyger!burning bright,In the forests of the nig

24、ht,What im mortal hand or eye Could frame thy fearfulsymmetry?Trochaic trimeter ending with an extra accented syllable Rhyme Every two lines have the same rime,this is called rhyme in couple.An accented one syllable Single rhyme-masculine rhyme Strong and powerful Trochaic pattern-a strong rhyme Sho

25、rt sentences Less feet-add the strength to the poem So,Blake purposely uses the devices of rhythm and rhyme:male rhyme,less feet,and short metric pattern.All add more effect to the poem and give the readers a strong impression.Other music devices 1.1.Alliteration-creating the powerfulness of the“Tyg

26、er”.Burning bright,distant deeps,began to beat,dare its deadly terror clasp 2.Repetition l l Perfect repetition of the first stanza at the end of the poem.l lThe frequent use of the word“dread”repeatedly reminds the reader that the Tyger is to be feared.The pattern of the questions are insistently r

27、epeated.What dread hand?And what dread feet?What the hammer?What the chain?What the anvil?What dread grasp?To strengthen the music effect of the poem and powerfulness of the Tyger.Conclusion All the devices mentioned above in this poem strongly support the suggestion that Blake intended in it.(the p

28、oem)Blake,in fact,is pondering the nature of the God.Is this God cruel or gentle?He does not answer it directly,he raised so many questions for readers to think about.But by reading and analyze the poem,we come to know about that whatever the Tyger is,it is a powerful and fearless creator.Forms of P

29、oetry 英诗的形式英诗的形式 Simplicity to varietyThe forms of English poetry are decided by the verse lines in each stanza,or one stanza.1.Couplet 双行诗双行诗Two lines,the same rhyme One prospect lost another still we gain,And not a vanity is givn in vain.3.3.三行体三行体 A.triplet The Poetry of Dress -R.HerrickWhere is

30、silk my Julia goes Then,then how sweetly flows a ouThat liquefaction of her clothesNext,when I cast mine eyes and seeThat brave vibration each way free b i:O how that glittering taketh meB.terza rima（意大利三韵句）（意大利三韵句）The rime scheme of this kind:aba bcb,cdc,ded,Theres a palace in Florence,the world kn

31、ows well.aAnd a statue watches it from the square.bAnd this story of both do our townmen tell.aAges ago,a lady there.bAt the farther window facing the eastcAsked,who rides by with the royal air?b3.Quatrain（四行体诗）（四行体诗）A.One stanza quatrain The Rain -R.L.StevensonThe rain is raining all round,.aIt fal

32、ls on fields and tree,.bIt rains on the umbrellas here,.cAnd on the ships at seabB.More stanza quatrain Freedom and Love -T.CampbellHow delicious is the winning of a kiss at loves beginningwhen two mutual hearts are sighingFor the knot theres no untyingYet remember,midst your wooinglove has bliss,bu

33、t love has ruiningOther smiles may make you fickleTears for other charm may trickle My Love Is Like a Red,Red Rose -Robert BurnsO,my Luves like a red.red rose,Thats newly sprung in June;O,my Luves like the melodie Thats sweetly playd in tune.As fair art thou,my bonnie lass,So deep in luve am I;And I

34、 will luve thee still,my dear,Till a the seas gang dry.Till a the seas gang dry,my dear,And the rocks melt wi the sun:And I will luve thee still,my dear,While the sands o life shall run.And fare thee weel,my only love,And fare thee weel a while!And I will come again,my luve,Though it were ten thousa

35、nd mile.C.Ballad Stanza（民谣四行诗）（民谣四行诗）Sir Patrick Spens -an old Scotland balladThe firstline that sir Patrick readA loud laugh laughed he;The heist line that sir Patrick readThe tear blinded his eeThey hadnt saild a league,a leagueA league but barely threewhen the lift grew dark,and the wind blew lan

36、da gurly grew the sea4.Five line stanza（五行诗体）（五行诗体）To A Skylark -P.B.Shelleyhail to thee,blithe Spirit!Bird thou never wert,That from heaver,or near it,Bourest they full heartIn profuse strains of unpremeditated art.Higher still and higher,From the earth thou springestlike a cloud of Fire;The blue d

37、eep thou wingest,And singing still dost soar,and soaring ever singest.5.Six line stanza（六行诗体）（六行诗体）The Moon -ShelleyAnd like a dying lady lean and palewho totters forth,wrappd in a gauzy veilOut of her chamber,led by the insaneAnd feeble wandeings of her fading brainThe moon arose up in the murky ea

38、stA white and shapeless mass6.Seven line stanza（七行诗体）（七行诗体）Pentameter Iambic,ababbcc Rape of Lucrece -ShakespeareWhen they had sworn to this advised doomThey did conclude to bear dead lucrece thenceTo show her bleeding body through RomeAnd so to publish Tarquins fon offencewhich being done with spee

39、dy diligenceThe Romans plansibly did give consentTo Tarquins everlasting banishment7.Eight line stanza（八行诗体）（八行诗体）A.Ottava RimaPentameter iambic,abababcc Don Juan -ByronJuan and haidee gazed upon each other withswimming looks of speechless tendernesswhich mixed all feeling,friends,child,lover,brothe

40、r All that the best can mingle and expressAnd love too much,and yet cannot love lessBut almost santify the sweet excessBy the immortal wish and power to blessB.Triolet（法国体八行诗）（法国体八行诗）Only two rime:ABaAabaA A Kiss -Austin DobsonRose kissed me today,Will she kiss me tomorrow,let it be as it may,Rose k

41、issed me today.Rose kissed me today,Will she kiss me tomorrow,let it be as it may,Rose kissed me today.8.Nine line stanza（九行诗体）（九行诗体）Spenser-Spenserian Stanza ababbcbcc Faerie Queene -Spenser (略略)9.Ten line stanza（十行诗体）（十行诗体）Ode to the Nightingale -J.KeatsMy heart aches,and a drowsy numbness painsMy

42、 sense,as though of hemlock I had drunk,Or emptied some dull opiate to the drainsOne minute past,and I Lethe-wards had sunk:Tis not through envy of thy happy lot,But being too happy in thine happiness,-That thou,light-winged Dryad of the trees,In some melodious plotOf beechen green,and shadows numbe

43、rless,Singest of summer in full-throated ease.10.Sonnet（十四行诗）（十四行诗）A.love sonnet the octave-the first 8 lines:abba,abbathe sestet-the last 6 lines:cde,cde,cdc,dcd On His Blindness -John MiltonWhen I consider how my light is spentEre half my days,in this dark world and wide,And that one talent which

44、is death to hideLodged with me useless,though my soul more bentTo serve therewith my Maker,and presentMy true account,lest He returning chide,-Doth God exact day-labour,light denied?I fondly ask:-But Patience,to preventThat murmur,soon replies;god doth not needEither mans work,or His own gifts:who b

45、estBear His mild yoke,they serve Him best:his stateIs kingly;thousands at his bidding speedAnd post oer land ocean without rest;-They also serve who only stand wait.B.Shakespearean SonnetRhyme scheme:abab,cdcd,efef,gg A Sonnet by ShakespeareThat time of year thou mayst in me beholdWhen yellow leaves

46、,or none,or few,do hangUpon those boughs which shake against the coldBare ruined choirs where late the sweet birds sangIn me thou seest the twilight of such dayAs after sunset fadeth in the west,Which by-and-by black night doth take awayDeaths second self that seals up all in restIn me thou seest th

47、e glowing of such fireThat on the ashes of his youth dorth lieAs the deathbed whereon it must expireConsumed with that which it was nourished byThis thou perceivst,which makes thy love more strongTo love that well which thou must leave ere long.Wordsworth（华兹华斯）（华兹华斯）Shakespeare unlocked his hearta g

48、low-worm lampIt cheered mild Spenser,called from fairy-landTo struggle through dark waysand when a dampFell round the path of Milton,in his handThe Thing become a trumpet,whence he blewSoul-animating strains-alas,too few!.ImageryImagery-is t he use o f descriptive lang uage to recreate sensory exper

49、iences.An image is a verbal picture of an object,action,abstract idea,or sensation.Images often are created by using figures of speech.1 1.Metaphor-A comparison of unlike items,the comparison is directly stated.e.g.All the world is a stage.1.2.Simile-the direct comparison of two unlike items,using t

50、he words“like”or“as”to complete it.e.g.Helen,thy beauty is to me like those Nicear barks of yore -Allan Poe“To Helen”1.3.Personification-the figure of speech which assigns human qualities to inanimate objects or abstractions.e.g.Because I could not stop for death He kindly stopped for me.-Emily Dick