2021考研英语一真题及答案解析.docx
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- 2021 考研 英语 一真题 答案 解析
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1、2021 考研英语一真题及答案解析Section I Use of English Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Fluid intelligence is the type of intelligence that has to do with short-term memory and the ability to think quickly, l
2、ogically, and abstractly in order to solve new problems. It (1)in young adulthood, levels out for a period of time, and then (2)starts to slowly decline as we age.But (3)aging is inevitable, scientists are finding that certain changes in brain function may not be.One study found that muscle loss and
3、 the (4)of body fat around the abdomen are associated with a decline in fluid intelligence. This suggests the (5)that lifestyle factors might help prevent or (6)this type of decline.The researchers looked at data that (7)measurements of lean muscle and abdominal fat from more than 4,000middle-to-old
4、er-aged men and women and (8)that data toreported changes in fluid intelligence over a six-year period. They found that middle-aged people (9)higher measures of abdominal fat (10)worse on measures of fluid intelligence as the years (11).For women, the association may be (12)to changes in immunity th
5、at resulted from excess abdominal fat; in men, the immune system did not appear to be (13)It is hoped that future studies could (14)these differences and perhaps lead to different (15)for men and women. (16)there are steps you can (17)to help reduce abdominal fat and maintain lean muscle mass as you
6、 age in order to protect both your physical and mental (18). The two highly recommended lifestyle approaches are maintaining or increasing your (19)of aerobic exercise and following Mediterranean-style (20)that is high in fiber and eliminates highly processed foods.1. 【题干】1. 【选项】A.pause B.returC.pea
7、k D.fade【答案】C2. 【题干】2. 【选项】A.alternatively B.formally C.accidentally D.generally【答案】D3. 【题干】3. 【选项】A.while B.since C.once D.until【答案】A 4.【题干】4. 【选项】A.detectio B.accumulatio C.consumptio D.separatio【答案】B5. 【题干】5. 【选项】A.possibility B.decisio C.goal D.requirement【答案】A6. 【题干】6. 【选项】A.delay B.ensure C.se
8、ekD.utilize【答案】A 7.【题干】7. 【选项】A.modify B.supported C.included D.predicted【答案】C8. 【题干】8. 【选项】A.devoted B.compared C.converted D.applied【答案】B9. 【题干】9. 【选项】A.with B.above C.by D.against【答案】A10. 【题干】10. 【选项】A.above B.managed C.scored D.played【答案】C11. 【题干】11. 【选项】A.ran outB. set offC. drew iD. went by【答案
9、】D12. 【题干】12. 【选项】A.superior B.attributable C.parallel D.resistant【答案】B13. 【题干】13. 【选项】A.restored B.isolated C.involved D.controlled【答案】C14. 【题干】14. 【选项】A.alterB.spread C.remove D.explai【答案】D15. 【题干】15. 【选项】A.compensatio B.symptom C.demand D.treatments【答案】D16. 【题干】16. 【选项】A.Likewise B.Meanwhile C.Th
10、erefore D.Instead【答案】B17. 【题干】17. 【选项】A.change B.watch C.count D.take【答案】D18. 【题干】18. 【选项】A.well-being B.proce C.formatio D.coordinatio【答案】A19. 【题干】19. 【选项】A.level B.loveC.knowledge D.space【答案】A20. 【题干】20. 【选项】A.desig B.routine C.diet D.prescriptio【答案】CPart BDirections:The following paragraphs are g
11、iven in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs C and F have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A. Stay calm.B. Sta
12、y humble.C. Decide whether to waitD. Be realistic about the risks.E. Dont make judgements.F. Identify a shared goal.G. Ask permission to disagree.How to disagree with someone more powerful than you Your boss proposes a new initiative you think wont work.Your senior colleague outlines a project timel
13、ine you believe is unrealistic.What do you see when you disagree with someone who has more power than you do? How do you decide whether its worth speaking up? And if you do, what exactly should you say? Heres how to disagree with someone more powerful than you.41.You may decide its best to hold off
14、on voicing your opinion. Maybe you havent finished thinking the problem through, or you want to get a clearer sense of what the group thinks. If you think other people are going to disagree, too, you might want to gather your army first. People can contribute experience or information to your thinki
15、ng 一 all the things that would makethe disagreement stronger or more valid. Its also a good idea to delay the conversation if you are in ameeting or other public space. Discussing the issue in private will make the powerful person feel less threatened.42.Before you share your thoughts, think about w
16、hat the powerful person cares about 一 it may be the credibility of their team or getting a project done on time. Youre more likely to be heard if you can connect your disagreement to a higher purpose. State it overtly, contextualizing your statements so that you re seen not as a disagreeable subordi
17、nate but as a colleague whos trying toadvance a common objective. The discussion will then become more like a chess game than a boxing match.43.This step may sound overly deferential, but its a smart way to give the powerful person psychological safety and control. You can see something like, “I kno
18、w we seem to be moving toward a first quarter commitment here. I have reasons to think that wont work. Id like to layout my reasoning- Would that be OK? This gives the person a choice, allowing him to verbally optin.And, assuming he says yes, it will make you feel more confident about voicing your d
19、isagreement.44.You might feel your heart racing or your face turning red, but do whatever you can to remain natural in both your words and actions. When your body language communicates reluctance or anxiety, it undercuts the message. It sends a mixed message, and your counterpart gels to choose what
20、 signals to read. Deep breaths can help, a can speaking more slowly and deliberately. When wefeelpanicky,wetendtotalklouderandfaster.Simplyslowingthep aceandtalkinginaneven tone helps the other person cool down and does the same for you. It also makes youseemconfident, even if you arent.Emphasize th
21、at youre only offering your opinion, not gospel truth. It may be a well-informed, well-researched opinion, but its still an opinion, so talk tentatively and slightly understate your confidence. Instead of saying,“If we set an end of quarter deadline, we will never make it say, This is just my opinio
22、n, but I dont see how we will make that deadline. Having asserted your opinion (as a position, not asa fact), demonstrate equal curiosity about other views. Remind the person that this is your point of view, and then invite critique. Be open to hearing other opinions.参考答案:43.CDecide whether to wait
23、42.F Identify a shared goal 43.GAsk permission to disagree 44.A Stay calm45.B Stay humble Part C 46.Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSIWER SHIEET.(15 points)We tend to think that friends and family members are our biggest sources of connec
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