定语从句（2014).ppt

1、The Attributive Clause 定语从句复习定语从句复习 Go overvAttributive Clause（定语从句）（定语从句）v概念：在概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语的从句叫做定语从句。从句。被被修饰的名词或代词修饰的名词或代词叫叫先行词先行词。He is an English teacher who likes singing songs.定语从句定语从句先行词先行词引导词引导词这这种从句由种从句由关系代关系代词词或或关系副词关系副词引导，并作句子成分。引导，并作句子成分。Attributive clause:定语从句的位

2、置：通常在先行词（在主句中）后。定语从句的位置：通常在先行词（在主句中）后。定定语语从从句句的的引引导导词词关系关系代词代词关关系系副副词词指人指人指物指物who(主语、宾语主语、宾语)，whom(宾语宾语)，that(主语、主语、宾语宾语、表语表语)whose(定语定语)that(主语、主语、宾语宾语、表语表语),which(主主语、语、宾语宾语、定语、定语)whose(定定语语)where(地点状语地点状语)when(时间状语时间状语)why(原因状语原因状语)Attributive clause:限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 restrictive非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句non-

3、restrictive是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切句和主句关系十分密切，写，写时不用逗号分开。时不用逗号分开。和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，写时往往逗号分开。写时往往逗号分开。I was the only person who was invitedin my office.Jenny,with whom I

4、 played table tennisyesterday,lives in my next room.The man who came here yesterday has come again.That is Mr.Wang,whose daughter teaches English at a middle school.注意：注意：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用that，指，指人人时用时用who(主主语语),whom(宾语宾语)，指，指物物时须用时须用which.如何判定用如何判定用关系代词关系代词还是用还是用关系副词关系副词1 1、找出定语从

5、句中是否、找出定语从句中是否主语和宾语都齐全主语和宾语都齐全。如齐全。如齐全用用关系副词关系副词。用什么关系副词看先行词。用什么关系副词看先行词。I will never forget the days(_ I stayed with you).when_Jurassic Park is about a park(_ a very rich man keeps different kinds of dinosaurs)._ wherePlease give me the reason _(you made such a great success)._why2 2、如定语从句中缺宾语，确定定语

6、从句的谓语动词是不是及物、如定语从句中缺宾语，确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物 动词，如是，用动词，如是，用关系代词，可以省略。关系代词，可以省略。如不是，用如不是，用关系副词。关系副词。如何判定用如何判定用关系代词关系代词还是用还是用关系副词关系副词 Yesterday we went to visit the house _(the great writer used to live)._wherein whichThe house _(they built in 1987)stayed up in the earthquake.which that /_ _Luckily none of

7、 the people _(I know)were killed in the earthquake.whowhom that /_ _My father was born in the year _(the Second World War broke out)._in whichwhen3 3、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用关系副词。关系副词。Kunming is a beautiful place _(flowers are seen all the year round).whereOctober 1st is the day

8、 _(new China was founded).whenThe window(_ was opened this morning)has been broken.which thatThe meeting (_ will be held next week)is very important.which that如何判定用如何判定用关系代词关系代词还是用还是用关系副词关系副词v试比较：试比较：A.I know a place we can have a picnic.v 我知道一个我们可以野炊的地方。我知道一个我们可以野炊的地方。I know a place is famous for i

9、ts beautiful natural scenery.v 我知道一个以自然景色优美而闻名的地方。我知道一个以自然景色优美而闻名的地方。vB.I will never forget the days we spent our v holidays together.v 我永远忘不了我们一起我永远忘不了我们一起 度假的日子。度假的日子。I will never forget the days we spent v together.v 我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。vC.This is the reason he was dismissed.v 这就是他被解雇

10、的原因。这就是他被解雇的原因。This is the reason he explained to me v for his not attending the meeting.v 这就是他向我解释的他没有参加会议的原因。这就是他向我解释的他没有参加会议的原因。wherethat/whichwhenthat/which(why/forwhich/that)that/which(1)that(1)that指物时一般可以与指物时一般可以与whichwhich互换，但在下列情互换，但在下列情况况引引导词导词只用只用thatthat，不用，不用whichwhich。当先行词为当先行词为all,much

11、,little,few,none,anything,everything,nothing等不定代词时，如：等不定代词时，如：a.All that can be done has been done.b.There is little(that)the enemy can do besides surrender.先行词被先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much修修饰时饰时,如：如：Ive read all the books(that)you gave me.先行词是先行词是序数词序数词或或形容词最高级形容词最高级修饰时。修饰时。This is the bes

12、t book(that)Ive ever read.This is the first composition(that)he has written in English.先行词被先行词被the only,the very,the last the only,the very,the last 修饰时。修饰时。That white flower is the only one (that)I really like.This is the very book(that)I want to find.当有两个或两个以上分别表示当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物人和物的先行词时，这个定的先行词时，

13、这个定语从句要用语从句要用thatthat而不用而不用who(whom)who(whom)和和whichwhich引导。如：引导。如：He talked about the teachers and schools（that）he had visited.先行词是疑问词先行词是疑问词who,which,what 时，定语从句用时，定语从句用that而不用而不用who,(whom)和和which引导。引导。Who is the person that is standing at the gate?Which of us that knows something about physics do

14、es not know this?What that is on the table belongs to me?当关系代词在从句中作表语时：当关系代词在从句中作表语时：Mary is no longer the girl(that)she used to be.China is no longer the country that it used to be.1.which1.which可以引导可以引导非限定性定语非限定性定语从句从句,可可用于用于介介词词后后,其先其先行词行词可以是可以是一个词一个词,也也可以是可以是整个整个主句或主句的某一部主句或主句的某一部分分。1.She heard

15、a terrible noise,_ brought her heart into her mouth.A.it B.which C.this D.that 2.The weather turned out to be good,_ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it B B 只能用只能用which 做关系代词的情况做关系代词的情况2.2.在非限制性定语从句中，只能用在非限制性定语从句中，只能用whichwhich指代物，用指代物，用who/whomwho/whom指人指人.She said she had fini

16、shed her She said she had finished her work,work,whichwhich I I doubted very much.doubted very much.In our school there are eight In our school there are eight foreignteachers,whocomefromAustralia.Hismother，whomheloveddearly，diedin18183.3.在由在由“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用引导的定语从句中，只能用whichwhich指物，指物，wh

17、omwhom指人。指人。4.4.先行词本身是先行词本身是thatthat时，关系词用时，关系词用which,which,先行词是先行词是those,one,hethose,one,he时多用时多用whowho。考点三：考点三：as与与which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句对这两个词作如下归纳：对这两个词作如下归纳：1、如果定语放主句后，、如果定语放主句后，即可用即可用as也可以用也可以用which.He failed to pass the exam,as(=which)is natural.She seems to be a scientist,as(=which)in fact she i

18、s.Grammar is not a dead rule,which(=as)I have said before.2 2、如果从句在主句前，这时要用、如果从句在主句前，这时要用asas而不用而不用whichwhich引导引导 定定语从句。如：语从句。如：As we all know,his parents were killed in the war.As I expected,he got the first place again in this mid-term examination.3.用于用于the sameas,suchas，asas,soas中，中，一般用一般用as。e.g.

19、Such books as you tell me are interesting.This is the same book as I lent you yesterday.4.as代表前面主句意思时，有代表前面主句意思时，有“正如正如”之意，而之意，而which没有没有此意思，从句中的动词常是此意思，从句中的动词常是expect,know,see,think,want,suppose等。等。He won the match,as we had expected.He agreed to the plan,as was to be expected.The police were looki

20、ng for him,as he thought.考点三：考点三：as与与which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.5.as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如如be known，be said，be reported等，如从句中行为动等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。作主语。e.g.She has been late again,as was expected.Tom has made great progre

21、ss,which made us happy.考点三：考点三：as与与which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句6.当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用只用which。如：。如：Tomwaslateforschoolagainandagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.汤姆老是迟到，这使得老师很恼火。汤姆老是迟到，这使得老师很恼火。Thesetablesaremadeofmetal,whichmakesthemveryheavy.这些桌子是金属的，这使得这些桌子很重。这些桌子是金属的，这使得这些

22、桌子很重。注意：注意：as 引导的限制性定语从句引导的限制性定语从句(1)This is the same book as I lost.This is the same book that I lost.Please compare:这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书就是我丢的那本。这本书就是我丢的那本。as 引导的限制性定语从句引导的限制性定语从句(2)This is such an interesting book _ we all like.This is so interesting a book _ we all like.This is such an

23、 interesting book _we all like it.This is so interesting a book _we all like it.asthatPlease complete the following sentences and compare:asthat这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句定语从句)这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句结果状语从句)考点四：考点四：关系代词前介词的确定关系代词前介词的确定如何选定介词如何选定介词:1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：根据从句中动

24、词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：e.g.Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：e.g.Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which Im sure.3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：e.g.1949 was the year in which the P.R.C.was founded.4.Whose从句可转换为从句可转换为“of+

25、关系代词关系代词”型，如：型，如：e.g.They live in a house,whose door opens to the south.They lived in a house,of which the door opens to the south.They lived in a house,the door of which opens to the south.考点四：考点四：关系代词前介词的确定关系代词前介词的确定 关系副词关系副词when,where,why可以用适当的可以用适当的介词介词+which来替代。来替代。如：如：when=in/on/at+which,where

26、=in/on/at+which,why=for+which 介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。词之后。eg.1.I wont forget the date when(on which)I was born.2.This is the room where(in which)I lived.=This is the room which I lived in.3.I dont know the reason(why/for which/that)he hasnt come today.4.Tom still reme

27、mbers the days when(in which)they lived in Tianjin.考点四：考点四：关系代词前介词的确定关系代词前介词的确定The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toin Are these two sentences right?可见可见,who、that 不能用于介词之后不能用于介词之后 Is this the watch that you are looking for?that 定语从句中介词定语从句中介词for的宾语的宾

28、语The old man whom I am looking after is better.whom 定语从句中介词定语从句中介词after的宾语的宾语 下面两句中的介词能提前吗下面两句中的介词能提前吗?v注意：注意：含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。仍放在短语动词的后面。如如 lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.(正)这是我正在找的手表。ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(误)vThebabies(w

29、hom/who/that)thenurseisvlookingafterareveryhealthy.(正)v那个保姆照看的小宝宝们都很健康。Thebabiesafterwhomthenurseislookingareveryhealthy.（误)v若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用，不可用who,that；关系代词指物时只可用；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用，不可用that。关系代词是。关系代词是所有格时用所有格时用whose。The man with whom you talked just now is my ne

30、ighbour.(正正)v你刚才跟他谈话的那个人是我的邻居。你刚才跟他谈话的那个人是我的邻居。The man with that/who you talked just now is my neighbour.(误误)The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable.(正正)我们去加拿大所乘坐的飞机实在很舒服。我们去加拿大所乘坐的飞机实在很舒服。The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable.(误误)Take a look at the tower.In

31、whose honour was it built?(正正)v“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”前还可有前还可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,vfew等代词或者数词。如：等代词或者数词。如：vHe loves his parents deeply,both of whom are very vkind to him.他深深地爱着他的父母，他们俩待他都很好。他深深地爱着他的父母，他们俩待他都很好。vIn the basket there are quite many apples,some of vwhich have gone bad.

32、篮子里有好些苹果篮子里有好些苹果,有些已经坏了。有些已经坏了。vThere are forty students in our class in all,most of v whom are from big cities.v我们班总共有个学生，大多数来自大城市。我们班总共有个学生，大多数来自大城市。vUp to now,he has written ten stories,three of which are vabout country life.v 迄今为止，他写了部小说，其中部是关于农村生活的。迄今为止，他写了部小说，其中部是关于农村生活的。v以以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句

33、通常由为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which或或that引导，而且通常可以省略。如：引导，而且通常可以省略。如：The way(that/in which)he answered the vquestions was surprising.v他回答这些问题的方式令人惊奇。他回答这些问题的方式令人惊奇。I dont like the way(that/in which)you laugh at her.v 我不喜欢你嘲笑她的样子。我不喜欢你嘲笑她的样子。v 比较Pleasedotheexperimentintheway（that/which）Ihaveshownyou.which在定语从

34、句中还可以作定语Tomspentfouryearsincollege,duringwhichtimehelearnedFrench.Hemaybelate,inwhichcaseweoughttowaitforhim.v若先行词是:case,situation,point,stage等时,若充当定从的“主、宾、表”时，用which或that+定从,若充当定从的“状语”时，用where+定从.vIstillcantbelievemyeyeswhenIrememberthescenewherethebestplayershouldmissthepass.vInordertogetstartedin

35、thiscareer,ImwillingtoacceptanypositionwhereIcanshowmyabilities.v注意注意:vRememberthatthereisstillonepointthat/whichwemustmakeclearattheconferencetomorrow.one of+复数名词复数名词+who/which/that+复数复数谓语谓语 the(only,very,right)one of+复数名词复数名词+who/which/that+单数单数谓语谓语She is one of the students who _ praised at the m

36、eeting yesterday.A.was B.were C.isD.areHe is the only one of the students who _a winner of scholarship for three years.A.is B.areC.have beenD.has been B Dv1.IwishtothankProfessorSmith,_Iwouldneverhavegotthisfarm.(help)v我想感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助我买不到这家农场。我想感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助我买不到这家农场。v v2.Fromtheburninghoteltheyres

37、cuedallthetourists,_toanearbyhospital.(injured)v他们从正在着火的旅馆里救出了所有的游客，其中两名他们从正在着火的旅馆里救出了所有的游客，其中两名伤者被送到附近医院。伤者被送到附近医院。v3.Therearemanystudentspresentatthemeeting,_thesameschool.(belong)v有很多学生出席这次会议，其中三分之二的人来自于同有很多学生出席这次会议，其中三分之二的人来自于同一所一所学校。withoutwhosehelpthetwoinjuredofwhomweresenttwothirdsofwhombelo

38、ngtov4.Themediacanhelpsolveproblemsanddrawattentiontosituations_.(need)v媒体能够帮助解决问题，引起对需要帮助的地方媒体能够帮助解决问题，引起对需要帮助的地方的关注。v5.ImetmanycasesalotofEnglishwordsbutcouldntwriteagoodessay.(know)v我遇到过很多这样的情况，学生知道许多英语单词单却写不我遇到过很多这样的情况，学生知道许多英语单词单却写不出一篇好文章。出一篇好文章。v6.Iwillneverforgettheharddaysonthefarm.(work)v我会

39、永远记得我们一起在农场干活的艰辛的日子wherehelpisneededwherestudentsknewwhenweworkedtogetherv7.DoyourememberthehappydayslastyearinBeijing?(spend)v你还记得去年我们在北京度过的快乐的日子吗你还记得去年我们在北京度过的快乐的日子吗？v8.Salesmanagerisapositionimportantassalesskills.(as)v在销售经理这个职位上，沟通能力和销售技巧同样重要。在销售经理这个职位上，沟通能力和销售技巧同样重要。v9.Weliveinanagewithgreatere

40、asethaneverbefore.(available)v我们生活在一个信息比以往任何时候都容易获得的年我们生活在一个信息比以往任何时候都容易获得的年代。v10.Ishowedanoldfriendaroundthecity,thechangesweresogreat.(surpise)v我带一位老友到城里转了一圈，令他惊讶的是，变化如此之我带一位老友到城里转了一圈，令他惊讶的是，变化如此之大。大。(which/that)wespentwherecommunicationabilityisaswheninformationisavailabletowhosesurprisePracticeB

41、AABAv5ShoppingontheInternethasalotofadvantages,_themostimportantisperhapsitsconvenience.vAofwhichBwhosevCthatDinwhichAv6Chinasnewfoodlawprovidesforafoodrecallsystem_producershavetostopproductioniftheirfoodisntuptostandards.vAwhereBthatvCwhenDwhichAv7Withtherapiddevelopmentofagriculture,thepeoplein_v

42、illageItaughtbeforehavelivedahappylife.vAwhoBwherevCwhoseDwhichCv8Themoment_Johnwillneverforgetis_MrSmithgavehimalotofvaluableadviceonhowtoimprovehiswriting.vAthat；thatBthat；whenvCwhen；thatDwhen；whenBv9John，_moneyisnoproblem，stillleadsasimplelife.vAforwhoseBofwhosevCofwhomDforwhomDv10Hedidntputtheth

43、ings_theybelonged，for_hegothispunishment.vAwhich；that Bwhat；thisvCthat；whoseDwhere；whichDv11Astotheunemployment，thegovernmenthastakenaseriesofmeasuresinmanyareas,_,Iamsure,willbenefitthepeopleoutofwork.vAwhichBthatvCwhatDwhereAv12Soonwecametoalittlestreamwhichwindsthroughthehill,_banksarethicktrees.vAonitsBonthatvConwhoseDonwhichCvThankyou