大学英语精读(第三版)第1册教案Unit2解析(DOC 14页).doc

1、Unit 2 Sailing Round the World.Lead-inMany people have travelled round the world, but no one else has done it the way Sir Francis Chichester did. A British adventurer, he travelled round the world alone in a small yacht called “Gipsy Moth”in spite of the fact that he had lung cancer. This text tells

2、 us briefly what happened to him on his voyage, one of the greatest seafaring exploits of all time. . New words1. single-handed: adj. & adv. (done) by one person alone Example: Mary accomplished the task by her single-handed efforts.The job cannot be done single-handed. 这个工作无法由一个人独自完成。 这是一种以形容词或形容词短

3、语用作状语的语法现象，其作用类似非限定性定语从句，表示某种增补的意义。它们通常用来说明主语的状况，例如： The man opened the letter, nervous.The sun rises in the east, red. The soldier fell down, dead.但它们也可用来说明宾语的状况，如He writes his characters largeWe drink it hot.She pushed the door open.2. solo: single-handed chorus:合唱助记solesolo Love is a chord in lif

4、e, not a solo.(Beethoven) 爱是人生的和弦，而不是孤单的独奏曲。（贝多芬）3. lung: n.Example: Smoking can cause lung cancer.At the top of one s lungs 用最大声音Collection: heart(心) liver(肝) kidney(肾) spleen(脾) stomach(胃)4. determined: adj. with ones mind firmly made upbe determined to do / about doing sth: have a strong will to

5、(do)Example:He is determined about giving up smoking.Columbus was determined to prove that India could be reached by sailing west. be determined to do sth. & make up ones mind to do sth.be determined to do sth. 侧重某人的决心。make up ones mind to do sth. 则强调某人打定主意，不再动摇。 Example: At last we made up our mind

6、s to tell her the truth. determine; decideDetermine决心大，意志坚决，任何时候都不动摇。Example: Mr. Black determined to maintain his position at all costs.Decide表示经过考虑在几种可能中做出选择的决定。Example: He decided to go on Monday instead of Tuesday.5. retire: vi.【re-(back)+tire(累):（累回）家中】stop working at ones job.1) give up ones j

7、ob because of old age Example: He thinks it lucky to retire at full salary. 虽然已近65岁，马莉还不想退休。2) go away; withdraw Example: The soldiers had retired 25 miles from the frontier. 3) go to bed Example: I have a habit of retiring early and getting up early. 6. voyage: n. a long journey (by sea, by land or

8、 through outer space)Example: The sailor will make a voyage to Austrilia. vi. go on a (sea) journey; sail Example: Sir Frances Drake was the first man who voyaged around the world. voyage, journey, travel & trip voyage在现代英语中通常指较长距离的水上航行，但也可指空中航行。Example: In those days, the voyage to Australia was lo

9、ng and dangerous. journey是比较正式的用语，通常指陆地上的远行，没有回到原出发地的含义。Example:At first I was afraid the long journey would be too much for her. 起初我担心她受不了长距离的旅行。 travel的单数形式泛指旅行这一行为或过程，而要表示某次具体的旅行时，通常用复数，而且通常指到远方作长时间的旅行。Example: Her interests are politics, music, and travel. trip通常指较短距离的旅行，但在较通俗、随便的用法中可代替journey。E

10、xample: Did you enjoy your trip to Shanghai? Collection:Maiden voyage 处女航，首航Arduous voyage 艰难航行Go on/ make/ take a voyage to 去.的旅行Be on a voyage 在旅途中7. crew: n. group of people who work together on a ship or airplaneCollection: personnel全体人员, 用做复数 crew(全体船员) / staff(全体职员) / faculty(全体教员) 用做单数或复数类同fa

11、mily，当作一个整体看用单数，当作各成员看用复数Example: The plane had a crew of 25. 那班飞机有25名机务人员。The crew were busy preparing. 机务人员正忙着准备呢。8. steer: vt. make (a boat or road vehicle) go in a particular directionExample: He steered the ship carefully between the rocks. 他小心的在礁石间驾驶船只。steer clear of 绕开，避开Example: The speech s

12、teered clear of controversial issues. 演说回避了有争议的问题。drive/ steerWhen you are in control of a car, you drive it. When you direct its course, you steer it. She got into a car and drove home. She steered the car carefully through the narrow gap.英语中“方向盘”的说法是“steer wheel”，而不是“driving wheel”9. gale: very st

13、rong windCollection: breeze(微风) gale(强风) storm(暴风) gust(阵风) hurricane(飓风) typhoon(台风)10. cover: vt. 1) pass over or travel (a certain distance) Example: They were hoping to cover 40 miles yesterday. 2) place or spread sth. upon, over, or in front of (sth.) Example: The floods covered thousands of to

14、wns. 3) hide; protect Example: He laughed loudly to cover his fear.11. previously: adv. before the present time or the time referred to Example: I had posted the letter two months previously. 两个月前，我就把信寄出了。12. dissuade: 【dis-(否定)+suade(劝说)；劝说不要去做】prevent sb from doing sth对比：persuade v. persuasion n.

15、persuasive adj. per-: thoroughly dissuade v. dissuasion n. dissuasive adj. dis-: notTom tried to dissuade me from joining the club.Tom tried to dissuade me out of joining the club.13. fortunately: adv. luckily Example: Fortunately, there was no one in the office when the fire started.14. contact： vt

16、. get in touch withExample: Do you often contact your former classmates? n. state of touching or communication Example: After he entered the university, he came into contact with many new ideas.Collection:Come into contact with 接触到Make/ establish contact with 与.取得联系Be out of / break off/ lose contac

17、t with 与.失去联系Be / get / stay in contact with 与.保持联系15. nearby： adv. close byExample: I noticed a policeman standing nearby.adj. near; within a short distanceExample: We stopped at some nearby shops to buy some food. 16. drag / draw / pullDrag拖得重，动作慢Draw动作从容Pull 指一时或突然的动作。17. knight n.男女公爵dukeduchess

18、侯爵marquessmarchioness伯爵earlcountess子爵viscountviscountess男爵baronbaroness18. accomplish: vt. All motivation is self-motivation. Your family, your boss or your coworkers can try to get your engine going, but until you decide what to accomplish, nothing will happen.所有的激励都是自励。家人，老板，同时可以尽量让你的引擎转动，但除非你自己决定

19、要完成些什么，否则也不会发生。accomplish / complete / achieve accomplish means succeed in doing something difficult.Example: Think of all the things you have accomplished already! complete means finish doing or make something.Example: It took a year to complete the building work. achieve means succeed in doing sth

20、 good or getting the result you wanted, after trying hard for a long time.Example: Britain has achieved the highest rate of economic growth in Europe this year.Collection:Accomplish a mission 完成一次使命Accomplish a task 完成一项任务Accomplish ones goal/ purpose 实现目标Accomplish ones plan 实现计划Accomplish ones pro

21、mise 实现诺言19. conquer：v.Example: Human can conquer nature.conquer / overcome conquer多支借助无力或战争击败其他事物， 使之处于控制之中。Example: The Normans conquered England in 1066. overcome强调经过艰苦的斗争，排除障碍而取得的胜利。多用于克服精神方面的东西。Example: He overcame a strong temptation to run away.他顶住了要逃跑的强烈诱惑。20. set off : 1) begin a journey; s

22、tart Example: Ill set off early to avoid the traffic. 2) cause (sth.) to explodeExample: Its the custom for Chinese people to set off fireworks during the Spring Festival. Collection:Set off for holidays 出发去度假Set off for a place 动身去某地21. all by oneself: completely alone; without any help Example: Yo

23、u cant go home all by yourself in the dark.22. in spite of: regardless ofExample: Jack went to school in spite of the heavy snow.in spite of 和 despite 两者意义相同，后面均跟名词，可以互换。但是，despite 本身是介词, 不能与 of 连用。in spite of / regardless of in spite of = despiteExample: The plane took off in spite of the bad weath

24、er. (although the weather was bad) regardless of = without considering or taking notice ofExample: The plane will take off, regardless of the weather. (no matter whether the weather is good or bad )23. give up: stop doing or having (something); 1) give someone else possession of something you have E

25、xample: An old man gave up his seat on the bus to a lady with a baby2) abandon hope for sth. or the attempt to do sth. Example: The boy gave up answering the question because it is too difficult.3) allow yourself or someone else to be caught by the police or enemy soldiers Example: The criminal went

26、 to the police station to give himself up. 4) devote ones time, life, etc. to Example: During World War II millions of soldiers gave up their lives.24. by far: by a large degree or amount 得多; 最 Example: Celine Dion is by far the best singer I know. by far 和 so far 是两个比较容易混淆的词组。by far 有 “ 得多；最；显然”的意思

27、，用于修饰比较级和最高级形式的形容词和副词，强调数量、程度等。Example: The weather has been hot so far this summer.4. 25. turn over1) (cause to ) fall over; upset Example: The car turned over three times after the crash.2) give the control of sth. to sb. Example: She turned over the work to her assistant and had a talk with us. 3

28、) think over Example: I turned the idea over (in my mind) for a week before replying.26. cant help doing sth.: cannot avoid doing sth. Example: I couldnt help laughing when I saw his new haircut. cant help doing sth. 和 cannot help but do sth. 是两个比较容易混淆的词组。cant help doing sth.意为“禁不住”、“情不自禁”，而cannot h

29、elp but do sth. 则有“不得不做”之意。Example: I cannot help but be sorry. 我不能不感到遗憾。. Background Information1.Sir Francis Chichester（1901 1972） English aviator and adventurer Achievements: As a young man, he went to New Zealand to work as a miner, salesman and land agent. In 1929, he made a solo flight to Aust

30、ralia in a biplane. In 1931, he made the first eastward flight across Tasman Sea from New Zealand to Australia.In 1960, he won the first solo transatlantic ocean race sailing from Plymouth, England to New York City in 40 days. In 1966-1967, he sailed around the world alone in a 55-foot sailing yacht

31、, the longest passage made by a small sailing vessel without a port of call. In 1967, he was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II. 2. Columbus (1451-1506) Italian explorer In 1492, European explorer Christopher Columbus sailed west across the Atlantic Ocean hoping to reach Asia. Instead, he reached lands

32、that were unknown to Europeans. Those lands were later named the Americas. After Columbus, many Europeans began to settle the Americas.3. Magellan, Ferdinand （1480-1521） Portuguese navigator While trying to find a western route to the Moluccas (1519), Magellan and his expedition were blown by storms

33、 into the strait that now bears his name (1520). He named and sailed across the Pacific Ocean, reaching the Marianas and the Philippines (1521), where he was killed fighting for a friendly native king. One of his ships returned to Spain (1522), thereby completing the first circumnavigation of the gl

34、obe. 4. Zheng He or Cheng Ho (1371-1433) Chinese admiral, explorer, and diplomatZheng He extended Chinese maritime and commercial influence in the regions bordering the Indian Ocean. His seven voyages, which surpassed all previous naval expeditions in the world, opened trade and diplomatic ties for

35、China with at least 35 countries and encouraged the emigration that was the basis of Chinese colonization in Southeast Asia.5. Sir Francis Drake (1543 - 1596) English navigator and explorer Francis Drake was the first Englishman to sail round the world. After several slave trading expeditions to Wes

36、t Africa and the Spain Main (1566-1573), he sailed round the globe (1577-1580) . He managed to restrict the Spanish Armada (西班牙无敌舰队) by raiding Cadiz (加地斯) (1587), and helped to defeat (1588) the Spanish attempt to invade England. 6. Elizabeth II (1926 ) Queen of Great Britain and Northern Ireland E

37、lizabeth II was the elder daughter and successor of George VI. At age 18 she was made a State Counselor (顾问). On Nov. 20, 1947, she married Philip Mountbatten, duke (公爵) of Edinburgh. They were in Kenya when the king died (Feb. 6, 1952) and Elizabeth succeeded to the throne (王座). Her coronation (加冕礼

38、), on June 2, 1953, was the first to be televised. 7. Elizabeth I (1533 1603 ) Queen of England Elizabeth I was the queen of England (1558-1603), daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. She was one of the most powerful rulers in the English history. The time when she reigned (在位) is called the Eliza

39、bethan Age, and it was a long period of 45 years, when England became very rich and powerful. Abroad, it was an age of maritime expansion (海上扩张) under such adventurers as John Hawkins, Walter Raleign and Francis Drake. In literature, it was the age of William Shakespeare, Phillip Sidney, Edmund Spen

40、ser and Christopher Marlowe, and there was also a flowering of music, architecture and art.8. Knight, Knighthood & Knighthood Ceremony Knights were the highest class of fighting men in Europe during the Middle Ages. There were other classes of fighting men, such as the lowly foot soldiers. But knigh

41、ts, who fought on horseback, were the aristocrats of the battlefield. The great heroes of the time, both in story and in fact, were knights.By the year 1500 the time of the knight as fighting man was over. Hired foot soldiers replaced the mounted knights. But knighthood did not die out altogether. T

42、oday in Great Britain, knighthood is an honorary award given to outstanding people in recognition of some remarkable work they have done. A man with the rank of knight is called, Sir“ (prefixed to his whole name or given name, but not his surname alone), and his wife, Lady. A woman with same rank is

43、 called Dame.The king or Queen takes the sword of the person being honored or borrows one from someone present at the ceremony. The person about to be knighted kneels on one knee and bows his head respectfully in front of the King or Queen. The King or Queen touches with the sword first the left sho

44、ulder of the person bowing before him or her then the right shoulder and finally the top of the bowed head. While doing this the King or Queen says We dub thee Sir_. Warm-up questions1. Do you love adventures? Why or why not?No, I donnot love adventures at all, because I enjoy the peaceful life. I l

45、ike to stay at home on weekend to read a book or listen to music. Sometimes I go on a trip with my friends, but I donnot have the courage to adventure, I think it is too dangerous.2. Montesquieu, the famous French thinker and philosopher, once said, “It is always the adventurer who accomplish great

46、things.” How do you understand this saying of his?Compared to common people, the adventure has the strong will, ability, endurance and bravery. These characters help them conquer any difficulties in the course of adventure and great explorations, even some scientific ones. From this point of view, t

47、he adventurer can always accomplish great things. Language points1. His friends and doctors did not think he could do it, as he had lung cancer. (L7-8)1) did not think的翻译要注意否定转移，即否定宾语从句的谓语部分，译为“认为他不能”，除此之外还有dont believe/ expect/ supposeExample: I dont believe I know him. 我想我不认识他。2) as此处引导原因状语从句，可以放在主句后，也可放在句首，用逗号将主句隔开。Example: As it was getting late, we took the children home.We chose Helen to lead us as she said she knew the way.2. In August, 1966, at the age of nearly sixth-five, an age when