高中英语语法之虚拟语气(课件3份).ppt

1、什么是虚拟语气？假如我是一个男孩,我就能明白爱上一个女孩是多么美妙。英语动词的三种语气：祈使语气、陈述语气和虚拟语气虚拟语气：表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。是不是if引导的条件句都要用虚拟语气？什么时候用虚拟语气？什么时候用虚拟语气？当if引导的条件句的事情发生的可能性_，就用虚拟语气；当if引导的条件句的事情发生的可能性_，不用虚拟语气。要根据当事人实际情况具体分析。极小较大目 录虚拟语气的其他从句虚拟语气的特殊句式虚拟语气的条件句一二三一虚拟语气的条件句1.构成：虚拟条件状语从句+主句虚拟条件句状语从句主句2.分类与现在事实相反与将来事实相反与过去事实相反（1

2、）与现在事实相反If I were a boy,I would join the army.If I were you,I might refuse his invitation.If I had a chance,I could do it in another way.与现在事实相反时,if引导的条件状语从句用动词_形式,be动词用_;主句谓语动词用_+动词原形。过去式werewould/could/should/mightWhat would you do if you won the lottery(中彩票)?If I won the lottery,I would/could/sho

3、uld/might If I won the lottery,I could travel around the world.If I were a boy,I would/could/should/might(1)If they _(be)here,they _(take)your advice.(2)If the world war _(burst)out again,what _(happen)to our people on earth?werewould takeburstwould happen填 空：（2）与将来事实相反 If she got invited to the par

4、ty this evening,she might spend 2 hours making up.If we should come tomorrow,we could see the manager.If she were to be here next Monday,I would tell her about the matter.与将来事实相反时,if引导的条件状语从句用动词_形式,be动词用_,或者用_,或者_;主句谓语动词用_+动词原形。were过去式should+动词原形were to dowould/could/should/might造 句If _ tomorrow,I w

5、ould be more than delighted.过去式(were)should+do were to do1.假如我要出国，我就会去法国。If I were to go abroad,I would go to France.2.万一明天下雨，我们的郊游可能推迟。(picnic)If it should rain tomorrow,our picnic might be put off.（3）与过去事实相反 If you had come earlier,you could have seen her.If the weather had been nice yesterday,we

6、would have gone fishing.If I had worked hard when I was a student,I might have been admitted into Wuhan University.与过去事实相反时,if引导的条件状语从句用动词_形式,即_+过去分词;谓语动词用would/could/should/might+_+过去分词。过去完成式hadhaveIf I _ how to swim,I _ trapped on that island.如果我之前学会了游泳,我就不会被困在岛上。would not have been had learnt If

7、he _ more carefully,he _ the car accident yesterday.如果他开车更小心,他昨天就不会出车祸。had driven would not have had Chen HeIf Chen He had not cheated on his wife,he would/could/should/might have+过去分词.句子接龙.,he would have had a good reputation.If he had had a good reputation,he would/could/should/might have.(1)If To

8、m _(be)more careful in the exam,he _(pass)it already.(2)If you _(get)up earlier,you _(catch)the first train.had beenwould have passedhad gotwould have caught填 空：虚拟情况从句主句与现在事实相反与将来事实相反与过去事实相反过去式(be的形式用were)had done过去式(were)should+dowere to dowould/should/could/might+have donewould/should/could/might+

9、dowould/should/could/might+do一虚拟语气的条件句1.构成：虚拟条件状语从句+主句2.分类与现在事实相反与将来事实相反与过去事实相反3.补充混合虚拟语气省略if的虚拟语气（1）混合虚拟语气If it had rained last night,it would be very cold today.If you had followed the teachers advice,you wouldnt be in the hospital now.虚拟条件句中，从句的谓语动词发生的时间与主句的谓语动词_，叫做混合虚拟语气或错综虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时

10、间而定。不一致(1)If you _(come)and attended the meeting yesterday,you _(know)what we are doing now.(2)If you _(follow)my advice,you _(overcome)all the difficulties now.(3)If the weather _(be)finer,the crops would be growing still better.填 空：had comewould knowhad beenhad followedwould overcome（2）省略if的虚拟语气即部

11、分倒装,从句省略掉if后把had/were/should等助动词或情态动词提到主语前面。If I had worked hard,I would have surely succeeded.Had I worked hard,If I were at school again,I would study harder.Were I at school again,If there should be an earthquake,what should we do?Should there be an earthquake,目 录虚拟语气的其他从句虚拟语气的特殊句式虚拟语气的条件句一二三虚拟语气

12、的特殊句式二what if,as if.,if only.从句虚拟语气without,with,but for,otherwise引导含蓄条件句主句虚拟语气would rather后的宾从wish后的宾从谓语动词1.what if,if only.,as if/though.,从句虚拟语气2.without,with,but for,otherwise引导含蓄条件句主句虚拟语气3.would rather后的宾语从句4.wish后的宾语从句1.what if,if only.,as if/though.,从句虚拟语气 what if.要是.怎么办？If only.要是.就好了 as if/th

13、ough.好像.What if I should fail?He walks as if he were drunk.If only I were a bird!If only we had followed your advice!If only I could see him again!1.要是我没错过火车就好了。2.要是明天下雨怎么办？3.她笑起来好像一朵花。If only I hadnt missed the train.What if it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow?She smiles as if she were a fl

14、ower.2.without,with,but for,otherwise引导含蓄条件句主句虚拟语气 without.没有.with.有.but for.要不是.otherwise.否则.Without music,the world would be dull.With your encouragement,I would pass the final exam.But for your help,I wouldnt have made rapid progress.We missed the airplane.Otherwise we would have been here by lun

15、ch time.1.如果没有你,我就活不到现在。(till now)2.快一点！否则我们要迟到了。(be late)3.要不是你的捐助,我三年前就辍学了。(contribution;drop out)Without you,I would never live till now.Hurry up！Otherwise we would be late.But for your contribution,I would have dropped out three years ago.3.would rather后的宾语从句 I would rather you paid me now.Dont

16、come.I would rather you came tomorrow.I would rather you had gone,too.would rather 宁愿.表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用_形式,be动词用were；表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词用_形式,be动词用were；表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用_形式,即had done的形式。过去式过去式过去完成式I would rather _,resulting from which you wouldnt come.1.我宁愿天天下雨，以为你是因为下雨不来。(it)2.他宁愿你当时在场。(there)3.我宁愿你跟我讲了真话。(t

17、ruth)He would rather _ at that time.it rained every dayyou had been thereI would rather _.you had told me the truth4.wish后的宾语从句 wish 希望 I wish I were a bird.I wish I hadnt made such a mistake.We wish our parents wouldnt punish us.表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用_形式,be动词用were；表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词用_+动词原型；表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用_形式,

18、即had done的形式。过去式would/should/could/might过去完成式1.我父母希望我期末考试及格。2.我希望和你一样高。3.他希望他没讲那样的话。4.我希望明天下雨就好了。I wish I were as tall as you.My parents wish I would pass the final exams.He wished he hadnt said that.I wish it would rain tomorrow.虚拟语气的特殊句式二现在将来过去what if,as if.,if only.从句虚拟语气without,with,but for,othe

19、rwise引导含蓄条件句主句虚拟语气would rather后的宾从wish后的宾从谓语动词过去式(were)过去式(were)should+dowere to dohad donewould/should/could/might+have donewould/should/could/might+dowould/should/could/might+do过去式(were)过去式(were)had done过去式(were)would/should/could/might+dohad done1.We would rather our daughter _ at home with us,bu

20、t it is her choice,and she is not a child any longer.A.would stay B.has stayed C.stayed D.stay 2._ the morning train,he would not have been late for the meeting.A.Did he catch B.should be catch C.has he caught D.Had he caught Multiple choice.3.If he _ my advice,he wouldnt have lost his job.A.followe

21、d B.should follow C.had followed D.would follow4.George is going to talk about the geography of his country,but Id rather he _ more on its culture.A.focus B.focused C.would focus D.had focused5.5.I _ through that bitter period without your generous help.A.couldnt have gone B.didnt go C.wouldnt go D.

22、hadnt gone6.6.Sorry,I am too busy now.If I _ time,I would certainly go for an outing with you.A.have had B.had had C.have D.had虚拟语气的其他从句三1.it作形式主语的主语从句2.动词“坚持、命令、建议、要求”后的宾语从句3.名词“命令、建议、要求”后的表语从句、同位语从句不用考虑时态,以上大部分从句的谓语动词都用should+动词原型的形式,should可以省略，但依然要用动词原型。1.it作形式主语的主语从句(1)It is a pity/a shame that(

23、2)It is strange/natural/necessary/important/impossible/surprising that(3)It is desired/suggested/demanded/required/requested/decided that(4)It is(high/about)time that 从句谓语动词用should+动词原型(should不能省)或过去式Its necessary that we(should)study hard.It has been decided that the meeting(should)be put off.Its h

24、igh time that we went to school.Its about time that we should take measures to stop pollution.1.他拒绝我的邀请，真是奇怪。(invitation)2.学生努力学习很重要。(work)3.你该走了。(go)Its strange that he(should)refuse my invitation.Its important that students(should)work hard.Its high time that you should go/went.2.动词“坚持、命令、建议、要求”后的

25、宾语从句一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。1.insist 2.order,command 3.advise,suggest,propose4.demand,require,request,desireThe teacher suggested that we(should)sleep earlier.I demand that John(should)go home at once.注意：注意：如果suggest,insist不表示建议 或坚持要某人做某事时，即它们用于其本意暗示、表明、坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。1.The guard at gate insisted that

26、everybody _(obey)the rules.2.He insisted that she _(be)seriously ill and that _(send)to hospitals at once.3.He suggested that we _(have)a meeting at once.4.His pale face suggested that he _(be)ill.obeywasbe senthavewas填空：1.我们建议Tom去休息一下。(have)2.他坚决要求我到场。(present)3.老板命令我明天早点来。(come)4.他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。(s

27、end)We suggested that Tom(should)have a rest.He insisted that I(should)be present.The boss ordered that I(should)come earlier.They requested that we(should)send them to work there.3.名词“命令、建议、要求”后的表语从句、同位语从句order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,desire,request,requirement The suggestion is that the

28、plan(should)be carried out at once.My demand is that she(should)come to see me once a week.All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory(should)be closed down.1.我的建议是你应该戒烟。(quit)2.他的要求是你通过这次考试。(pass)3.老师的命令是学生上课不许玩手机。(cellphone)My suggestion is that you(should)quit smoking.His request is th

29、at you(should)pass the exam.The teachers order is that the students(should)not play cellphone in class.第八章虚拟语气知识梳理一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用从句(条件)主句(结果)If引导的条件句与现在事实相反If主语动词的过去式(be用were)(If sb.did sth.)主语would(should/could/might)动词原形(sb.would/could/should do sth.)1.If I were you,I should study English.2.I wo

30、uld certainly go if I had time.从句(条件)主句(结果)If引导的条件句与过去事实相反If主语had动词的过去分词(If sb.had done sth.)主语would(should/could/might)have动词的过去分词(sb.would/should/could have done sth.)1.If you had taken my advice,you would not have failed in the test.2.If I had left a little earlier,I would have caught the train.从

31、句(条件)主句(结果)If引导的条件句与将来事实相反If主语动词的过去式(be动词用were)should动词原形were to动词原形主语would(should/could/might)动词原形1.If it were to rain tomorrow,the sports meeting would be put off.2.If you came tomorrow,we would have the meeting.从句(条件)主句(结果)if引导的条件句条件从句中省略if在if引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中，有时可以把虚拟条件中的连词if省去，而将had,should,were提到主

32、语之前。如：原句：If she were younger,she would do it.去掉if:Were she younger,she would do it.从句(条件)主句(结果)错综时间条件句(从句与主句所表示的时间不一致)根据从句与主句表示的不同时间，参照if引导的条件句的三种情况进行调整。1.If you had worked hard yesterday,you would be tired now.2.If she had followed the doctors advice,she would be quite all right now.(从句对过去虚拟；主句对现在的

33、虚拟)从句(条件)主句(结果)含蓄条件句有时虚拟条件句并没用if从句表示出来，而是用介词短语(otherwise,or,without,but for等)、上下文或其他方式来表示。此时，应根据句子表达的实际情况，参照if引导的条件句的三种情况，选用主句中相应的动词形式。1.Without air,there would be no living things.2.I would have given you more help,but I was busy.3.I was very busy yesterday.Otherwise I would have come to see you.【翻

34、译】1.如果明天下雨，我们就会推迟运动会。If it _ tomorrow,we would have to put off the sports meeting.2.如果你早点听我的话，那你现在就不会感到抱歉了。If you _ me earlier,you _ sorry now.【解析】混合虚拟语气，从句是对过去的假设，所以根据if虚拟条件句的规则，要用过去完成时，而主句部分讲的是目前的情况，所以要用woulddo。rained/shouldrain/weretorainhadlistenedtowouldntbe3.要是没有我英语老师的帮忙，我不可能在这次英语写作竞赛中获得一等奖。Bu

35、t for the help of my English teacher,I _ the first prize in the English Writing Competition.【解析】butfor意为“要不是”，(含蓄条件句)相当于if引导的条件状语从句，IfitwerenotforthehelpofmyEnglishteacher主句表示与过去事实相反，句子谓语动词用would/should/could/mighthavedone结构。wouldnothavewon二、虚拟语气表示不可实现或实现概率很小的愿望1.wish引导的宾语从句对现在情况的虚拟：从句谓语动词用过去式(were/

36、v.ed)I wish I were a bird.对过去情况的虚拟：从句谓语动词用过去完成时(had done)I wish I had known the answer.对将来情况的虚拟：从句谓语动词用“would/could/might动词原形”(would do,一般不用should)We wish our parents wouldnt punish us.2.If only引出感叹句，意思是“要是多好”，表示说话人的一种愿望，动词形式与wish的情况相同If only he didnt drive so fast！(现在)Look at the terrible situation

37、 I am in!If only I had followed your advice.(过去)If only the rain would stop(将来)3.would rather(宁愿)引导的宾语从句与现在事实或将来事实相反：过去式(ved),表示“宁愿做什么”。I would rather they came tomorrow.与过去事实相反：过去完成时(had done)。I would rather I had never done it to him.【翻译】我要是带了雨伞该多好呀，我全身都湿透了。If only I _ an umbrella!I was wet throug

38、h.hadtaken三、虚拟语气在表示命令、要求、建议的从句中使用，此时从句中的谓语动词用should 动词原形，should可以省略1.宾语从句在表示“建议，命令，要求，忠告”等动词后面的宾语从句，常用的此类动词有：“二四六”法则两个命令：order，command四个建议：advise，suggest，recommend，propose六个要求：demand，require，request，desire，urge，insist that sb.(should)do sth.【翻译】1.我建议我们下周开个会。I suggest that we _ a meeting next week.2.

39、她要求我马上完成这项工作。She insisted that I _ the work at once.(should)hold(should)finish四、固定句型中虚拟语气的运用加电子稿It is(about/high)timethat中的虚拟语气，that后面用一般过去时或should动词原形(should不可以省略),表示“该做的时候了”。It is(high)time that we went/should go to bed.我们该睡了。【翻译】你该是时候学会自己做决定了。Its high time you _ to make the decision yourself.lear

40、nt/shouldlearn五、asif/though引导的虚拟语气1.表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑，谓语动词用过去式(ved)。She looks after the boy as if he were her own son.2.表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时(had done)。He looks as if he had been to Beijing.课堂练习用括号中动词的适当形式填空。1.They _(arrive)at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.2.His classmate suggested that he

41、_(take)a rest immediately.3.There is a good social life in the village,and I wish I _(have)a second chance to become more involved.4.Dont handle the vase as if it _(be)made of steel.5.We lost our way in that small village,otherwise we _(visit)more places of interest yesterday.could/shouldhavearrived

42、(should)takehadwerewouldhavevisited6.They might have found a better hotel if they _(drive)a few more kilometers.7.George is going to talk about the geography of his country,but Id rather he _(focus)more on its culture.8.If we _(catch)the flight yesterday,we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach

43、 now.9.Sorry,I am too busy now.If I _(have)time,I would certainly go for an outing with you.haddrivenfocusedhadcaughthad10._(be)it not for the support of the teachers,the student could not overcome her difficulty.Were课后练习用括号中动词的适当形式填空。1.If he _(be)more careful,he would have got much better results i

44、n the finals.2.Do you have Bettys phone number?Yes.Otherwise,I _(not be)able to reach her yesterday.3.Jack is a great talker.Its high time that he _(do)something instead of just talking.4.Bob would have helped us yesterday,but he _(be)busy.hadbeenwouldnthavebeendid/shoulddowas5.I was wearing a seat

45、belt.If I hadnt been wearing one,I _(injure).6.Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week?If you _(tell)me,I could have helped.7.I should not have laughed if I _(think)you were serious.8.The old lady insisted that the thief _(send)to police station.9.Eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam _(be)at the age of six months old.wouldhavebeeninjuredhadtoldhadthought(should)besent(should)be10.It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I _(do)it?haddone