高中英语高考复习动词分类讲解（共10类）.doc

1、高考英语动词分类讲解一、连系动词类连系动词按其所表示的意义可分为以下3种：1.变化类 表事物发展变化的过程，如become, come, go, turn, grow, get, fall 等。2.感觉类 表人体部位的感受，如feel, smell, taste, look, sound等。3.状态类 表事物所处的状态，如be, keep, stand, stay, prove 等。连系动词的作用是后接形容词或相当于形容词的结构作表语。除了少数几个（如feel， get, become, grow等）外，不用于进行时态和被动结构。例如：The mixture is tasted terribl

2、e.（误）The mixture tastes terrible (正)Jim pretended to be falling asleep when his mother came in.（误）Jim pretended to fall /be asleep when his mother came in.(正)Im feeling much better than ever before.It was getting darker and darker.Besides, a cold rain began to fall.（1） Do you like the material?Yes,

3、it _ (feel)very soft.（2）Why dont you put the meat in the fridge？It will _ (stay) fresh for several days. （3）The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _(seat)as the plane was making a landing.（4）Sarah, hurry up.Im afraid you cant have time to get _(change) before the party.（5）The flowers

4、_ (smell)sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.（04上海卷）二、感官动词类常考的感官动词有see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, find, catch 等。感官动词的主要作用是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作宾语补足语，表达不同的含义。1.后接不带to的不定式表示一个发生过或者还没发生具体的动作。I often heard the song sung, but I have never heard you sing it.When you

5、go to watch the football watch, you will enjoy seeing the Chinese football team win.2.后接V-ing形式表正在进行的动作。Seeing the sun rising above the surface of the sea, we let out a shout of joy.Hearing this, I felt my heart beating fast.3.后接V-ed形式表被动意义。After his return twenty years later, he found his home town

6、 greatly changed.Although I had learnt some English, I had never heard a word of it spoken.（1）A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _(smoke) in the kitchen.(NMET03)（2）The missing boys were last seen _ (play) near the river.（3）The salesman scolded the girl who was caught _ ( steal) and let

7、her off.(NMET93)（4）He looked around and caught a man _ ( put) his hand into the pocket of a passenger. 三、使役动词类表“致使”意义的动词称之为使役动词，如make, let, have, keep, leave, 等。使役动词的作用是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作宾语补足语，表达不同的含义。分以下三种情况：1.make, let have等后接不带to的不定式，表“使/让某人/某物做某事”。Dont make him do it if he doesnt want to.If you have

8、any problems, just let me know.在被动结构中不定式须带to，但是have不用于被动结构中to。He was made to apologize to the guest.2.have, keep, leave, get等后接V-ing形式，表持续性动作。Im sorry to keep you waiting for so long.Why do you have him worrying about his lessons?3.have, keep, leave等后接V-ed形式，表被动含义。He didnt keep on asking me the time

9、 until he had had his watch repaired.Ill keep you informed as soon as I have the news.（1）Dont leave the water _ ( run)while you brush your teeth.(04天津卷)（2）Good morning, can I help you? Id like to have this package _(weigh), madam.（3）The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself _(hear)

10、.(NMET91) （4）As you have never been there before, Ill have someone _ (show) you the way.（5）Paul doesnt have to be made_(learn) .He always works hard.(NMET95) 四、含情感色彩的动词这类动词有excite, inspire, encourage, interest, satisfy, delight, please, move, frighten, surprise, amaze, astonish, shock, worry, astoni

11、sh, disappoint, discourage, exhaust, puz?鄄zle, tire, terrify 等。情感动词后接指人的名词或代词作宾语，有V-ing和V-ed两种形式，在句中作宾语和表语，V-ing形式指人，V-ed形式则指事物。The story was so moving that everyone present was moved to tears.What disappointing result! We were all disappointed with it.Climbing a hill was tiring and we were tired wh

12、en we reached the summit.（1）Im very _(please) with my own cooking.It looks nice smells delicious. Mm, it does have a _(please) smell.（02春NMET）（2）Mr.Smith, _ (tire) of the _ (bore) speech, started to read a novel.（3）It is believed that if a book is_(interest), it will surely_ (interest)the reader.五、后

13、接不定式动词类afford, agree, choose, determine, expect, decide, learn, offer, mange, hope, want, wish, promise, refuse, fail, pretend, happen等动词，后跟不定式作宾语。Thank you for offering to help, but I can manage myself.He learned to ride a bicycle when he was a small boy.（1）We agreed_ (meet)here but so far she hasn

14、t turned up yet.(NMET95)（2）Little Jim should love _( take) to the theatre this evening.(NMET92)（3）I dont know whether you happen _(hear), but Im going to study in the U.S.A.this September.（04辽宁卷）（4）She pretended_(see) me when I passed by.(NMET89)（5）Do let your mother know all the truth.She appears _

15、 (know) everything.六、后接V-ing形式动词类考虑建议盼原谅，承认推辞没得想。避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。Consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon; admit; delay/put off, fancy(想象)；avoid; miss; keep ;practice; deny; finish; enjoy/appreciate; forbid; imagine; risk; cant help; mind; allow/permit; escape.。这些动词须接

16、V-ing形式作宾语。例如：I dont mind waiting, but Ive got to stand in the cold wind.Have you considered making some necessary changes to your plan?Only by practising speaking English every day can you expect to improve your spoken English.（1）While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ (persuade) into buying s

17、omething they dont really need.（96年上海卷）（2）I really appreciate _(have)time to relax with you on this nice island.（04年上海卷）（3）Do you mind _ (open) the door?（4）I can hardly imagine Peter _ (sail) across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.(NMET91)七、后接不定式与V-ing形式意义不同动词类remember, try, regret, mean, forget, st

18、op, go on, cant help等后接不定式与V-ing形式作宾语，表达含义不同。 见下表：例如：I remember being pad, but Ive forgotten the exact amount.Please remember to send me a photo of your son the next time you write to me.I dont really mean to work here, which means leaving the job soon afterwards.（1） The light in the office is still

19、 on.(NMET91) Oh, I forgot_(turn) it off.（2） You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.(NMET95) Well, now I regret_(do) that.（3）She cant help _(clean) the house because shes busy making a cake.（4） Let me tell you something about the journalists. Dont you remember _ (tell)me the story y

20、esterday? （99年高考上海卷）（5）The library needs _(clean), but Ill have to wait until Sunday.(NMET92)（6）In some parts of London, missing a bus means _(wait) for another hour.（7）She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ (rest)on a big rock by the side of the path.(NMET90)八、进行时态表将来意义动词类这类动词一般为表位置移动或方向性动词，

21、如go, come, start, arrive, take, leave, move等。例如：When are going off to forShanghai?Mary as well as her parents is leaving forCalifornianext month.（1）Ive won a holiday for two to Florida.I _ my mum.（01春NMET）A.am takingB.have takenC.takeD.will have taken（2） What were you doing when he came to see you?

22、（89上海卷） I had just put on my overcoat and _ visit a friend.A.leavingB.was leftC.leftD .was leaving（3） What were you doing when Tony phoned you ? I had just finished my work and_ to take a shower.（04天津卷）A.had startedB.startedC.have startedD.was starting九、主动表被动动词类英语中有些动词可用其主动形式表达被动含义，可分为以下三种情况：1.某些实义动

23、词的主动形式后跟副词表示被动意义，这类动词有sell, wash, write, last, read, wear等。这种“动词+副词”结构，常表示事物内部特有的属性。This kind of cloth washes well and lasts long.The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly.Written in simple English, this article reads easily.2.某些及物动词转为不及物动词后，其主动形式表示被动意义，如open（打开，营业）, close（关门）, sh

24、ut（关闭）, cut（切割）, weigh（重）, act（上演）等。The door wont shut.This shop opens much earlier than it used to.Each stone weighs 2 tons.3.某些不及物动词，如happen, occur, cost以及短语，如come out（出版）, come up（出现）, come into being（产生） come to ones mind（想起）, turn out（证明是）, come about（发生）, break out（爆发）, belong to（属于）等，本身表被动含义，

25、所以它们常用主动形式。The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 18th century.Suddenly an idea came to his mind.It never occurred to me to phone you.（1）The evening news comes on at seven oclock and _ (last) only thirty minutes.（2）Books of this kind _ (sell)well.( 99上

26、海卷)十、虚拟语气动词类insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, ask, require, request, demand等后接引导的宾语从句时，谓语动词须用“(should)动词原形”。The guard at the gate insisted that everyone should obey the rules.The rule requires that everyone, young or old, man or women, have his car checked once a year.（1）Janes pale face suggested that she _(be) ill, and her parents suggested that she_(have) a medical examination.（94上海卷）4