高考英语阅读理解之细节理解题精讲课件.ppt

1、2016年我们一起跨年我们一起跨高考高考lyu2011-20152011-2015年天津英语高考分布图年天津英语高考分布图天津五年高考英语阅读考察题材分布图天津五年高考英语阅读考察题材分布图 年份年份 考察题材考察题材 A A B B C C D D20112011应用文应用文记叙文记叙文说明文说明文夹叙夹议文夹叙夹议文20122012应用文应用文记叙文记叙文说明文说明文夹叙夹议文夹叙夹议文20132013应用文应用文记叙文记叙文说明文说明文夹叙夹议文夹叙夹议文20142014应用文应用文说明文说明文记叙文记叙文夹叙夹议文夹叙夹议文20152015应用文应用文说明文说明文记叙文记叙文夹叙夹议文

2、夹叙夹议文2011-20152011-2015年天津英语高考分布图年天津英语高考分布图应用文特点：大标题，小标题，应用文特点：大标题，小标题，11-1511-15年历年考察都是关于校园生活方面的。年历年考察都是关于校园生活方面的。细节题居多。细节题居多。记叙文特点：通过作者的经历或者讲故事，揭示一个人生哲理或者态度。记叙文特点：通过作者的经历或者讲故事，揭示一个人生哲理或者态度。说明文特点：通过介绍一个新事物，说明这个事物形成的过程，某些专家对说明文特点：通过介绍一个新事物，说明这个事物形成的过程，某些专家对 这个事物的研究，新事物的优点缺点，适用范围，大众对此的这个事物的研究，新事物的优点缺

3、点，适用范围，大众对此的 反应，作者对此态度等等反应，作者对此态度等等夹叙夹议特点：通过提出一个观点或者对一个事物进行介绍引出论点，形成夹叙夹议特点：通过提出一个观点或者对一个事物进行介绍引出论点，形成 正反面双方的论证，举例说明，下定义，来论证各自的观点。正反面双方的论证，举例说明，下定义，来论证各自的观点。总体把握：总体把握：第第A A篇一般情况下都是大标题，小标题这样的应用文篇一般情况下都是大标题，小标题这样的应用文,考察细节题考察细节题居多。居多。第第B,CB,C篇顺序可能颠倒，篇顺序可能颠倒，D D篇一般情况下都是夹叙夹议题。篇一般情况下都是夹叙夹议题。天津阅读理解考察题型的分布天津

4、阅读理解考察题型的分布2011-20152011-2015年天津英语高考分布图年天津英语高考分布图年份题型细节题猜测词义题 主旨大意题 推理判断题2011 14132201292272013130432014822820158129可以看出天津英语考试的趋势：可以看出天津英语考试的趋势：_题居多，其题居多，其次是次是_题，紧接着是题，紧接着是_题，猜测题意题题，猜测题意题一般不会超过一般不会超过_个。个。注注:考试题型包括写作目的题，把它归结到主旨大意题。考试题型包括写作目的题，把它归结到主旨大意题。细节题细节题分为：直接细节题和间接细节题细节题分为：直接细节题和间接细节题直接细节题：事情发生

5、的时间，地点，原因，结果等原文中直接给出直接细节题：事情发生的时间，地点，原因，结果等原文中直接给出的。的。间接细节题：要求学生在理解的基础上对内容进行系统化，条理化。间接细节题：要求学生在理解的基础上对内容进行系统化，条理化。通常不会是文章的原话，通常不会是文章的原话，通常进行同义词转化通常进行同义词转化细节理解题常见的设问方式细节理解题常见的设问方式1 which of the following is true/false/not mentioned?1 which of the following is true/false/not mentioned?2what does the w

6、riter pay the least attention to?2what does the writer pay the least attention to?3choose the right order of the events given in the passage.3choose the right order of the events given in the passage.4 all of the following statements may be true/false except.?4 all of the following statements may be

7、 true/false except.?5which of the following is not the result of.?5which of the following is not the result of.?6which of the following best characterizes the main featureof.?6which of the following best characterizes the main featureof.?题目常见类型题目常见类型1 1直接细节题直接细节题属于低层次的题，答案直接在原文中能找到，常见的用属于低层次的题，答案直接在

8、原文中能找到，常见的用who,what,when,where,why,howwho,what,when,where,why,how等提问。等提问。2 2语义转换题语义转换题选项中不会出现原文中直接答案，而是借助同义词转换，概念解析，归纳选项中不会出现原文中直接答案，而是借助同义词转换，概念解析，归纳事实等方法对原文信息（单词，词组或者一个、几个句子）进行适当变化事实等方法对原文信息（单词，词组或者一个、几个句子）进行适当变化来完成答题任务。来完成答题任务。3 3信息理解题信息理解题这类信息主要用于应用文（广告，公告，海报，车船航班时间表等）类阅这类信息主要用于应用文（广告，公告，海报，车船航班

9、时间表等）类阅读理解题中考察。常常对文中某一方面进行提问，完全没有必要从头到尾读理解题中考察。常常对文中某一方面进行提问，完全没有必要从头到尾仔细阅读材料。快速寻找信息。仔细阅读材料。快速寻找信息。4 4细节排序题细节排序题试题根据考生动作的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事情发生，发试题根据考生动作的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事情发生，发展的正确顺序。展的正确顺序。运用首尾定位法，即先找出首先发生的事，再找出最后放生的事，迅速缩运用首尾定位法，即先找出首先发生的事，再找出最后放生的事，迅速缩小范围，从而快速得出答案。小范围，从而快速得出答案。细节理解题的三个易错点细节理解题的三个易

10、错点1 1张冠李戴：张冠李戴：把文中不同的概念或人物，概念进行错位拼接把文中不同的概念或人物，概念进行错位拼接2 2偷梁换柱：偷梁换柱：文章看似相似的句型和词汇，但在不起眼的地方偷文章看似相似的句型和词汇，但在不起眼的地方偷 换词汇，造换词汇，造成句义改变，或者把文中的限定词改掉或替换，造成误选、成句义改变，或者把文中的限定词改掉或替换，造成误选、3 3无中生有：干扰项内容是主观想象和推测得出的结论，往往是生活基本常识无中生有：干扰项内容是主观想象和推测得出的结论，往往是生活基本常识和普遍接受的观点，本身是正确的但是与题干问题毫不相干和普遍接受的观点，本身是正确的但是与题干问题毫不相干破解方法

11、破解方法1 1题干定位法；采取题干定位法；采取“点击式阅读点击式阅读”.找出关键词找出关键词2 2扫读法；扫读法；迅速扫读相关词汇，然后寻出相关词汇的同义或反义表达。迅速扫读相关词汇，然后寻出相关词汇的同义或反义表达。3 3首尾定位法；找出第一件事和最后一件事首尾定位法；找出第一件事和最后一件事.阅读A篇 University Room Regulations Approved and Prohibited ItemsThe following items are approved for use in residential(住宿的)rooms:electric blankets,hair

12、dryers,personal computers,radios,televisions and DVD players.Items that are not allowed in student rooms include:candles,ceiling fans,fireworks,waterbeds,sun lamps and wireless routers.Please note that any prohibited items will be taken away by the Office of Residence Life.语义转换细节题t：approve同义词allow36

13、.Which of the following items are allowed in student rooms?A.Ceiling fans and waterbeds.B.Wireless routers and radiosC.Hair dryers and candles.D.TVs and electric blankets.扫读，可直接找出答案：DAccess to Residential RoomsStudents are provided with a combination(组合密码)for their room door locks upon check-in.Do n

14、ot share your room door lock combination with anyone.The Office of Residence Life may change the door lock combination at any time at the expense of the resident if it is found that the student has shared the combination with others.The fee is$25 to change a room combination.直接细节题：易犯错误：张冠李戴,偷梁换柱37.W

15、hat if a student is found to have told his combination to others?A.The combination should be changed.B.The Office should be charged.C.He should replace the door lock.D.He should check out of the room.题干定位法，选ACooking PolicyStudents living in buildings that have kitchens are only permitted to cook in

16、the kitchen.Students must clean up after cooking.This is not the responsibility of housekeeping staff.Kitchens that are not kept clean may be closed for use.With the exception of using a small microwave oven(微波炉)to heat food,students are not permitted to cook in their rooms.直接细节题：易犯错误：无中生有38.What do

17、 we know about the cooking policy?A.A microwave oven can be used.B.Cooking in student rooms is permitted.C.A housekeeper is to clean up the kitchen.D.Students are to close kitchen doors after cooking.扫读，定位，答案为APet PolicyNo pets except fish are permitted in student rooms.Students who are found with p

18、ets,whether visiting or owned by the student,are subject to an initial fine of$100 and a continuing fine of$50 a day per pet.Students receive written notice when the fine goes into effect.If,one week from the date of written notice,the pet is not removed,the student is referred to the Student Court.

19、直接细节题39.If a student has kept a cat in his room for a week since the warning,he will face _.A.parent visitsB.a fine of$100C.the Student CourtD.a written notice扫读定位答案为CQuiet HoursResidential buildings must maintain an atmosphere that supports the academic mission of the University.Minimum quiet hours

20、 in all campus residences are 11:00 pm to 8:00 am Sunday through Thursday.Quiet hours on Friday and Saturday nights are 1:00 am to 8:00 am.Students who violate quiet hours are subject to a fine of$25.信息理解题40.When can students enjoy a party in residences?A.7:00 am,Sunday.B.7:30 am,Thursday.C.11:30 pm,Monday.D.00:30 am,Saturday.答案为D作类似答案首先要确认大时间（星期），接着确认确切时间。bye bye