完整版人教版六年级英语下册重点句型语法总结(DOC 31页).doc

1、 PEP小学英语重点句型语法总结 人教版PEP教材在小学阶段涉及的重要语法知识主要有7种： to be句型、there be句型、一般现在时句型、现在进行时句型、一般过去时句型、情态动词can引导的句型、be going to句型等，简要总结如下： 一 to be句型：用于介绍个人情况如姓名、健康状况、身份、国籍、家庭成员、朋友、职业等，描述地点、颜色、四季、日期、星期几等 1. Whos your English teacher? Mr. Carter. 2. Whats he like? Hes tall and strong. 3. Is she quiet? No, she isnt.

2、 She is very active. 4. Is she strict? Yes, she is, but shes very kind. 5. What day is it today? Its Wednesday. 6. Whats your favourite fruit/food? 7. Theyre sweet/ sour/ salty/ healthy/ 8. When is your birthday? Its in May. 9. My birthday is in June. Uncle Bills birthday is in June, too. 10. Is her

3、 birthday in June? Yes, it is. 11. Whats the date? 12.This is Zhang Peng. 13. Where is the cinema, please? Its next to the hospital. 14. How tall are you？ Im 164 cm tall. 15. You are shorter than me. 16.Youre 4 cm taller than me. 17.How heavy are you? Im 48 kg. 18. Im thinner than you, and shorter.

4、19. Whats the matter with you? My throat is sore. 20. How are you, Liu Yun / Sarah? 二 there be句型：表示存在，即：“某处有某物”或“某时有某事”。句型基本结构为：There is+ 可数名词单数或不可数名词+时间或地点。There are+可数名词复数+地点。如： 1. There are two bedrooms, a kitchen, a bathroom and a living room. 2. There is a mirror, a bed and a big closet. -1- 3.

5、 Is there a forest in the park? Yes, there is. 4. Is there a river? No, there isnt. 5. Are there any pandas in the mountains? No, there arent. 6. Are there any fish in the rivers? Yes, there are. 三 一般现在时句型：表示习惯性的动作或行为，或现在存在着的状况。句型基本结构为：主语+行为动词+其他。当主语是第三人称单数时，要在动词原形后面加s或es，其他人称作主语时则用动词原形，在问句及否定句中需要用助

6、动词do或does。这种句型通常有一些标志词，如：usually often sometimes never always等。 1. What do you have on Thursdays? We have English, math and science on Thursdays. 2. What do you do on Saturdays? I watch TV on Saturdays. 3. I do my homework. 4. What do you have for lunch on Mondays? We have tomatoes, tofu and fish. 5

7、. I like fruit. But I dont like grapes. 1. When do you eat dinner? I eat dinner at 7:00 in the evening. 2. When do you get up? I usually get up at 12:00 noon. 3. What do you do on the weekend? Usually I watch TV and go shopping. 4. Sometimes I visit my grandparents. I often play football. Sometimes

8、I go hiking. 5. Which season do you like best? I like winter best. 6. Why do you like summer/winter? 1. How do you go to school, Sarah? 2. Usually I go to school on foot. Sometimes I go by bike. 3. I like collecting stamps. He likes collecting stamps, too. 4. Does she teach math? Yes, she does. 5. D

9、oes she teach English？ No, she doesnt. She teaches math. 6. What does your mother do? What does your father do? 7. Where does she work? She works in a car company. 8. How does she go to work? She goes to work by bus. 9. Where does the rain come from? It comes from the clouds. 10. Where does the clou

10、d come from? It comes from the vapour. 11. Where does the vapour come from? It comes from the water in the river. -2- 12. The sun shines and the water becomes vapour. 13. How do you do that? 1. My nose hurts. 2. How do you feel? I feel sick. How does Amy feel? 3. You look so happy. You look sad toda

11、y. 四 现在进行时句型：表示说话时正在进行的动作或事件，或在短期内正在进行的动作或存在的情况。标志词是：now 也常用在Look! Listen!等后面。句型主要结构为：be动词（am, is, are）+动词现在分词(v. ing)。 1. What are you doing? Im doing the dishes. Im reading a book. 2. Grandpa is writing a letter. Brother is doing homework. Mom is cooking dinner in the kitchen. 3. He is writing an

12、e-mail in the study. 3. What is it doing ? Its eating bananas. 4. What is she doing ? Shes jumping. 5. What are they doing ? Theyre swimming. They re climbing trees. 6. Are you eating lunch? No, we arent. 7. Are they eating the honey? Yes, they are. 8. Is he playing chess? Yes, he is. 9. Is she coun

13、ting insects? No, she isnt. 五 一般过去时句型：表示过去发生的而现在已经结束的事件、动作或情况。句型基本结构为：主语+动词过去式+其他。标志词通常是：yesterday, last week , last year 等，在问句与否定句中要用助动词did。 1.What did you do last weekend? I played football. 2. Did you help them clean their room? Yes, I did. 3.What did you do yesterday? I went fishing. 4. Did you

14、read book? Yes, I did. 5. Did you clean your room? No, I didnt. 6.Where did you go on your holiday? I went to Xinjiang. 7. What did you do there? I sang and danced with my new friends. 8. How did you go there？ I went by train. 此外，一般过去时也可用来表示客气的询问。如： -3- What would you like for lunch? Id like some ca

15、n后面的动词要用原形。如：六 情态动词can引导的句型：表示有能力做某事， I can sweep the floor. 1. What can you do? I can cook the meals. 2. I can water the flowers. No, I cant. 3. Can you make the bed? Yes, I can. 4. Can you use a computer? You can go by the No. 15 bus. How can I get to Zhongshan Park? be be going to句型，主要以 将来时：我们的教材

16、中出现过两种表示将来时的句型，即：will和 七原形。标am/is/are + going to + v.going to句型为主，表示将要做某事或打算做某事。句型主要结构： nextbe going tonext weekend tomorrow this morning this weekend 志词有：I am going to visit my grandparents. 1. What are you going to do this weekend? I am going to the cinema. 2. Where are you going? He is going to B

17、eijing by plane. 3. How is he going to Beijing? She is going to go there at 9:00 am 4. When is she going to Xiashan? 英语名词单数变复数的规则 1)单数名词加s: students, apples, bags, trees, books, brothers. es: glasses, boxes, brushes, matches.sh、ch以2) s、结尾的名词加x、 加ies: cities, babies, enemies.y结尾的名词，变y3)为以辅音字母加或fe结尾的名

18、词，多数变f为v加4)以fes: wives, knives.但有些词只加s: roofs, proof s, chiefs. 5)以o结尾的名词，有些加es: Negroes, heroes, tomatoes, potatoes.其它加s: radio s, zoos, pianos, photos. 6)不规则名词：footfeet, goosegeese, toothteeth, childchildren, manme n, womanwomen, sheepsheep, deerdeer, mousemice. 7)某些外来词变复数：datumdata, mediummedia,

19、bacteriumbacteria, curriculumcurricula, criterioncriteria, phenomenonphenomena. (um/ona)analysisanalyses, ises ) basisbases, crisiscrises, diagnosisdiagnoses.(8)复合名词变复数：以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式，如：homework. 以man或woman为前缀的复合名词变复数，前后两个名词都变复数，如：manservantmenservants, woman student- women students. -4- law, in

20、inupgrownlawbrothers其它复合名词变复数：grownups, brother bystandsby.standpage book a twoyearhundred9)old boy复合形容词做定语时，其中的名词保持单数：a six，表示一个用单数，英语中名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词在应用时有单数和复数形式。 表示两个或两个以上用复数。复数名词的构成分为规则变化和不规则变化。 规则变化： 1. ， 1) 一般在名词词尾加s 鸟， birdbirds mapmaps地图， 桔子，orangeoranges bikes自行车；bike 结尾的名词加es，2) 以s, x

21、, ch, sh dish-dishes盘，碟子，餐具；班级，watchwatches手表， boxboxes盒子，classclasses es s或3) 以O结尾的名词后面加 zoos动物园收音机 zoophotos photo相片 radioradios 土豆 potatopotatoestomatoestomato西红柿 为i+es 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y4) 家庭； familyfamilies babybabies婴儿 s 结尾的名词直接加以元音字母加y toys 玩具；boyboys男孩 toy ves f变为或f结尾的名词，把fe或5) 以fe 小刀 knives kn

22、ife 妻子 wifewives 树叶。 leafleaves 二：名词复数的不规则变化 child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth 1） mouse-mice man-men woman-women 。 构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women和注意：与 man womanBowmanGermans故复数形式为；但 如：an Englishman，two Englishmen. German不是合成词， the Bowmans是姓，其复数是。 2）单复同形如： -5- Chinese，Japanese deer，sheep，fish， three m

23、u，four jin ，yuan，two li，li，jin 但除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如: a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters ）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。 3 ，但可以说 a people，a police，a cattle如： people police cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说 the the Chinese，the British，the French，a person，a policeman，a head of cattle,the English， Japanese，the S

24、wiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。 如： The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。 ) trousers, clothes 4) 表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses (眼镜 ); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers 对，双); suit(套若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair(fishes货物，goodswaters水域，5） 另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如： （各种）鱼 现在分词构成 dodoing，singsinging，comfortcomfor

25、ting 直接在动词的后面加上ing，如 dancedancing，hikehiking ing，如以不发音的e结尾的动词，把e去掉，再加 seeseeing e必须不发音，若发音，则不能去掉，如 注意 这里的，如最后一个闭音节重读且后面只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写这个辅音字母再加ing cutcutting，swimswimming diedying，lielyingingy再加，如以ie结尾的动词，要把ie变成 过去分词 (1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。（然而要注意的是，过去分词并不是过去式） work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited

26、(2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 live-lived-lived , (3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 y 变为 i ，再加“ ed ”。 study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried , (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop-stopped-stopped , drop-droppeddropped -6- 基数词变序数词 一、二、三，单独记； 八加h，九去e， ve要用f替， 整十基数变序数，先把ty变成tie； 要是遇到两位数，十位基数个位序，th最后加上去。 解析口诀：onefirst， twosecond， threethird这三个词变化特殊，要单独记；eighteighth， nineninth， 八去t，九去e后再加-th； fivefifth， twelvetwelfth，五、十二把ve换成f再加-th；twentytwentieth， thirtythirtieth. 整十先把词尾y改为ie再加-th。两位数时则十位数用基数词，个位数用序数词，如：twenty-first。 -7-