中考英语全程知识点总结及练习 初三下.doc

1、初三年级（下）【知识梳理】 I. 重点短语1. beg ones pardon2. multiply by3. slow down4. wear out 5. try on 6. make a decision, 7. a place of interest 8. make a mistake 9. drop off10. think about11. make up ones mind,12. at all, 13. at least14. by the time 15. carry on 16. never mind 17. from now on18. come down 19. han

2、ds up 20. before long，21. no one，22. notany longerII. 重要句型1. be busy doing sth.2. prefer to do sth.3. regard. as.4. be pleased with sth./sb.5. be angry with sb.III. 交际用语1. -How much does cost ?2. -It can cost as little as yuan and as much as yuan.3. -It costs .4. -Its worth .5. -I dont agree with .6

3、. -I wasnt sure whether.7. -I wonder if .8. -What size ? 9. -Have you got any other colour / size / kind? 10. -Have you got anything cheaper? 11. -How much are they?12. -How much does it cost? 13. -How much is it? 14. -Thats a bit expensive. 15. -Even though theyre a little expensive, Ill take them.

4、 16. -Ill think about . 17. -I dont think Ill take .18. -I like .19. -I dont really like .20. -Can I help you, girl? 21. -Would you like me to look in the back?22. -We can find .23. -Do you like being ?24. -Can I ask you some questions? 25. -Sure. 26. -It was great. 27. -Wow! 28. -Yeah!29. -Oh dear!

5、30. -Hands up! 31. -Ill shoot anyone who moves. 32. -Theres no need to thank me. 33. -Can you remember anything else about him? 34. -Come down, Polly!35. -There is a little traffic accident36. -Theres a big traffic jam.37. -Well, Im sure hell be here before long.38. -Im beginning to get angry with h

6、im!39.-Yes, we cant wait any longer. Lets go without him.40. -Thats terrible! 41. -Thats a really bad excuse!IV. 重要语法1. 过去将来时 2. 过去完成时3. 动词不定式4. 定语从句【名师讲解】1. think/ think/about/ think of(1) think 单独使用时表示思考， 接that 宾语从句时意为认为，觉得。I am thinking how to work out the problem. I think she is a good student.

7、当宾语从句含有否定概念时，通常形式上否定think ，但意义上却是否定宾语从句。I dont think he can come.I dont think it will be windy.(2)think about 可接一个名词，动词-ing 形式或由疑问词引导的不定式或宾语从句，意思是考虑。 I have thought about it for a long time. Please think about how to tell her the bad news. (3)think of 表示认为， 一般用于疑问句中，与what 连用。 What do you think of th

8、e TV play? = How do you like the TV play?2. big/ large/ great上述形容词都表示大，但侧重点及程度不同。(1) big指具体事物的大小，强调比正常形体的标准大，既可用在普通场合， 也可用在正式场合。它可用来指人的身材高大或长大了，还可表示伟大，重要之意。如： Can you lift up this big stone?On the last day I made a big decision.(2) large特别强调远远超过标准的大，指体积、面积、容积、数量之大。如：A whale is a large animal.A large

9、 crowd collected at the gate of the theatre.(3) great除了表示数量体积之大外，又指抽象的程度，意味着伟大性，重要性， 优越性；常用于抽象或无形的东西；用于有形的东西时，常带有伟大，大得令人吃惊等意思，含有一定的感情色彩。如：China is a great country with a long history. He was one of the greatest scientists.3. cost/ take/ spend/ pay (1) cost表示花钱，花费，付出（只能用于钱、精力、生命等；主语必须是物。）The book cos

10、t me five yuan. (2) take的主语是动词不定式, 通常用it做形式主语。It took me five yuan to buy the book. (3) spend，在主动语句中主语是人I spent five yuan on (for) the book.或I spent five yuan (in) buying the book. (4) pay的主语是人。I paid five yuan for the book. 4. expensive/ high/ cheap/ low 这四个词在谈论到价格的高低时，要注意使用。expensive与high涉及到价格高，而c

11、heap 与low涉及到价格低。(1) expensive昂贵的，花钱多的。这个单词若谈到价格高，货贵时，其主语不能是价格，必须是货物、物品本身。如： This watch is expensive. 这只表很贵。 These glass-products are not expensive. 这些玻璃制品不是很值钱。注意：cheap表示价廉，便宜的，其主语也不能是价格，必须是物品本身。如：The cheap table was bought from him. 这张便宜的桌子是他卖给我们的。This cloth doll is very cheap. 这只布娃娃很便宜。(2)high在表示价

12、格时，含义是高，low在表示价格时，含义是低，这两个词不能用于物品本身，只能用在价格上。如：The price of this watch is very high. 这只表的价格太高了。The price of this book is not low for me. 这本书的价格对我来说是不低。下面我们试看几个句子的正误对照：The price of this computer is expensive.(宜改为：This computer is expensive. 或The price of this computer is high. )The price of this pen i

13、s not cheap for him to buy.(宜改为：This pen is not cheap for him to buy. 或 The price of this pen is not low for him. )5. alone/ lonely lonely 与alone的意思比较接近，但在使用时有所区别：(1)lonely用作形容词，意思是孤单的；寂寞的。可指心灵上的寂寞，也可指偏僻的地点。在句中既可作表语，也可作定语。(2)alone 可作形容词和副词，意思是单独；独自，不指心理上寂寞的感觉。She was taken to a lonely island, lived

14、alone, but she never felt lonely.她被带到一个荒岛上，自己居住，但她从不感到寂寞。6. before long/ long before(1)before long 作“不久以后”讲，切不要按字面译为“长时间以前”或“好久以前”。如：We hope to finish our experiment before long. 我们希望不久（以后）就把实验做完。(2)long before 作很久以前讲。原意为以前很久，故也可译为老早。long before 跟before long 不同，前者在其后面可以接名词或一个从句；当上下文明确时，名词或从句还可以省略。Be

15、fore long 则没有上述搭配用法。 They began the test yesterday, but we had made experiment long before. 我们昨天开始做实验，但我们在那以前很久就已经做准备了。7. as/ when/ while(1)as 是连词，意思是当的时候，一面一面，（强调同时，一般连续时间不长），如：As we were talking about Titanic, our teacher came in. 正当我们谈论泰坦尼克号这部电影时，教师进来了。The students sing as they go along. 学生们边走边唱。

16、(2)When和as一样都是连词，注意它们的不同。如when当的时候（一般表示动作紧接着发生）；那时（等立连词，前有逗号分开）I stayed till sunset, when it began to rain. 我一直呆到太阳下山，那时天开始下雨了。(3)while是当时候；和同时（强调同时发生，一般连续时间较长）While I was watching TV, he was reading. 当我在看电视的时候，他正在看书。While there is life, there is hope. 有生命就有希望。 8. beat/win/ hit (1)beat 是动词，意思是连续地打;

17、打败; 敲打。beat后可接人或队名。意思是击败对手。如：I can beat you at swimming. (2)win意思是赢得某个项目，后面常接match, game。如：He won a game. 他胜一局。We won a match. 我们比赛得胜。(3)hit意思是击中（有时可表示打一下）。如：The mother hit her child out of anger. 妈妈生气，打了她孩子一下。9. keep doing/keep on doing(1)keep doing侧重表示持续不停地做某事或持续某种状态。如：The girl kept crying all the

18、 time. 那个女孩一直在哭。The baby kept sleeping about four hours. 这个婴儿连续睡了大约四个小时。(2)keep on doing 表示总不断做某事，不表示静止状态。不能与sitting, sleeping, lying, standing这类词连用。如：It kept on raining for seven days. Dont keep on asking such silly questions. 10. get/ turn/ become这三个词都可作系动词用，表示状态的变化，后跟表语，但三个词的用法稍有不同。get强调情感、气候和环境的

19、变化；turn强调色彩的变化；而become则强调职务、职称等的变化。如： The days are getting shorter and shorter in winter冬天的白天越来越短。She couldnt answer the question and her face turned red她回答不出问题，脸红了。When did you become a teacher? - Ten years ago.你什么时候当的老师？十年前。11. steal / rob从意思上讲steal表示偷窃的意思。而rob表示抢劫的意思；从搭配上来讲，steal sth from sb/sth

20、;而rob则用rob sb/sth of sth; 例如：He stole money from the rich to give it to the poor.They robbed the bank of one million dollars.12. see/look/watch/notice在英语中，see，look，watch，notice都有“看”的意思，要注意他们的区别。see意为“看到”，表示视觉器官有意识或无意识地看到物体，强调“看到”的结果。look意为“看”，表示有意识地观看，强调“看”的动作。watch意为“观看，注视”，指以较大的注意力观看。notice意为“看到，注

21、意到”，指有意识的注意，含有从不注意到注意的变化的意义。例如：What can you see in the picture？在图画中你能看到什么？Look! How happily they are playing！看！他们玩得多高兴啊！Hes watched TV for over two hours他看了两个多小时的电视。He noticed a purse lying on the road他注意到地上有个钱包。13. Shoot/ shoot atshoot是及物动词，意思是“射中，射死”，宾语多为人或动物等。而shoot at是一个动词词组，意为“向射击”，至于射中或射死与否不得而

22、知。如：The man shot five birds in the forest那个人在森林里射死（中）了五只鸟。The hunter shot at the bear猎人朝熊射击了。They shot at the shewolf， but didnt shoot her他们向那只母狼射击，但是没有射中死。14. escape/ run away(1)escape作“逃跑”、“逃脱”或“逃避”讲时，往往会有成功之意。如：The old man escaped death那个老人死里逃生。The thief escaped from prison那个小偷越狱了。 (2)run away作“逃

23、跑”、“跑走”讲时，往往强调动作。如：Dont let him run away 别让他跑了。口语中escape和run away可以互用。15. so that./ so. that.(1) so that.为了，以便 。引导一个目的状语从句，从句中往往有情态动词。也可引导一个结果状语从句。如：I left at 5:00 so that I could catch the early bus.Speak loudly, so that they can hear what you say. He didnt study English so that he lost a chance to

24、 work in a foreign company.(2) so. that.既可引导一个结果状语从句，也可引导一个目的状语从句。如：The classroom was so noisy that I could hardly study.I got up so early in the morning that I could catch the train.【考点扫描】中考考点在本单元主要集中在：1. 过去将来时； 2. 过去完成时；3. 动词不定式；4. 定语从句；5. 本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型；6. 本单元学过的交际用语。考试形式可以是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。【中

25、考范例】1. (2004年济宁市中考试题)He wanted to know _.A. whether he speaks at the meeting B. when the meeting would startB. what hes going to do at the meetingD. where would the meeting be held【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。因为主句的时态是一般过去时，所以从句应用过去将来时，这就排除了A和B。宾语从句的时态应该是陈述句的语序，所以只有B是对的。2. (2004年烟台市中考试题)-Why didnt you g

26、o to the movie yesterday?-Because I _ it before.A. had watchedB. have seenC. have watchedD. had seen【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是动词的搭配以及现在完成时和过去完成时的用法区别。看电影习惯商用see a movie, 又因为说的昨天以前发生的事情，应该用过去完成时。只有D正确。3. (2004年重庆市中考试题)-Did you win the football game?-Bad luck. Our team _ in the final one.A. wonB. beatC. was wonD

27、. was beaten【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是动词搭配和动词的语态。动词win通常和比赛一类的词连用，不与人或队连用，因此可以排除A和C。beat是个及物动词，既然我们的运气不好，就是输了，应该用被动语态。4. (2004年广州市中考试题)-Who is the man _ was talking to our English teacher?-Oh! Its Mr Baker, our maths teacher.A. heB. thatC. whomD. which【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是引导定语从句关系代词的选择。由于先行词是人，可以排除A和D。而该词在定语从句中作主语，只

28、有B合适。【满分演练】一. 单项选择1. Though he is _ seventy years old, he takes exercise every day. A.past B.above C.on D.over 2. The sun rises _ and goes down _. A.in the east, in the west B.in the west, in the eastC.to the east, to the west D.from the east, from the west 3. Which would you like, Madam, tea or cof

29、fee? _, thanks. Id like a glass of water, please. A.Either B.Both C.Neither D.OK 4. One of the boys is _, all the other boys are _. A.English , China B.an English, Chinese C.England , China D.English, Chinese 5. -How soon will you finish the building? - _. A.In two months B.Two months C.About two mo

30、nths D.After two months 6. They did _ their father told them. A.like B.as C.about D.with 7. The fish smells _. You mustnt eat it. A.nicely B.heavily C.terrible D.terribly 8. Either you or he _ the team. A.is in B.are on C.is on D.are in 9. He was made _ thirteen hours a day by his boss. A.to work B.

31、work C.is on D.are in 10. _ you work, _ you will do. A.Harder, better B.The harder, the worse C.Hardest, best D.The harder, the better 11. Mrs Hu asked Liu Fang and _ to take part in the English meeting. A.I B.my C.me D.mine 12. Tell the students _ their English books. A.to take B.to carry C.to brin

32、g D.bring13. It _ us two hours walk to get to our school. A.take B.takes C.spend D.paid 14. My little sister is so tired, she can hardly walk, _? A.does she B.can she C.doesnt she D.cant she 15. _ Yellow River is the second longest river is our country. A./ B.The C.An D.A 16. -Do you want to _ at th

33、e meeting. -No, I have nothing to _. A.say, speak B.tell, talk C.say, say D.speak, say 17.-You need something to drink, dont you? - _. A.Not at all B.I neednt C.No, pleaseD.Yes, please 18. She asked me _ he could dance or sing. A.if B.what C.whether D.that 19. -Arent you Marys sister? -_ Im her aunt

34、. A.Yes, I am B.No, Im not C.Yes, Im notD.No, I am 20. _, no man has travelled farther than the moon. A.To now B.To far C.So far D.Till now 二. 用所给动词的适当形式填空1. Class 3 won the football match and our class _ by them. (beat) 2. By last Friday the students _ (learn)all their new lessons. 3. He will be a

35、worker after he _ (finish) middle school. 4. I felt like _ (have) a rest after lunch. 5. Is there another way of _ (answer) the question? 6. Ill tell him the news that our class _ (win). 7. Jim made us _ (agree) with him. 8. The teacher _ (give) us a lesson when Tom walked into the room. 9. Someone

36、saw him _ (fall) off the horse just now. 10. Look! A group of policemen _ (run) into that room. 三. 改写句子 1. None of the doctors knows about the matter. _ _ know about the matter. 2. Tom is taller than John. Jonh is not_ _ _ Tom. 3. The jacket cost so little that he bought it. The jacket_ _ _for him t

37、o buy. 4. Jim had a good journey home. Jim_ _ very much_ _ _ home. 5. I didnt finish my work in time because my pen was broken. The_pen stopped _ _finishing my work in time. 四. 完形填空Hundreds of years ago, life was1than2today. People didnt have modern machines. There3modern medicine,4. Life today5newp

38、roblems. One of the biggest is pollution (污染). Water pollution has6our rivers and lakes dirty. It kills our fish and affects (影响) our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us7louder and8. Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution. It affects9living thing in the world. Cars, planes and fact

39、ories all pollute (污染) our air every day. Sometimes the pollution is so10that it is like a quilt (被状物)over a city. This kind of quilt is called smog. (烟雾) 1. A.more hard B.more harder C.much harderD.much more harder 2. A.they are B.they were C.it was D.it is 3. A.were not B.was no C.were D.was 4. A.

40、either B.too C.also D.neither 5. A.bring B.have C.have got D.has brought 6. A.made B.let C.taken D.changed 7. A.say B.talk C.tell D.spoke 8. A.feel happy more happily B.get angry much more easier C.get angry much easier D.feel and more slowly 9. A.most B.all C.one D.every 10. A.thin B.thick C.hard D

41、.light 五. 阅读理解（A） Since the beginning of time, man has invented many interesting things. Some of these inventions, like numbers and the radio have certainly changed history. Since 1946, one of the most important inventions has been the computer. It will change all our lives. The first computer was b

42、uilt at Harvard University（哈佛大学） in 1944. it was as large as a room and quite difficult and slow to operate（运行）. But since the invention of the silicon chip（硅片）, computer have become smaller, easier to use, and faster to operate. Some computers are as small as television sets. Some computers can be made smaller than a book. And computers are getting smaller all t