高考英语-主动表被动-每一种情况分析(含习题及课件.pptx

1、高考高考英语英语主动主动表表被动被动（含情况分析，习题及答案）（含情况分析，习题及答案）一一.主动形式表被动的含义主动形式表被动的含义:1、Need,want,require（要求，需要）（要求，需要）,deserve(应得，应得，值得值得),be worth(值得），值得），not bear(经不住经不住)后面接后面接doing主动表被动。主动表被动。The book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。这本书值得一读。The old building requires repairing.这座古建筑需要修了。这座古建筑需要修了。These young seedlings wi

2、ll require/need looking after(=need to be looked after)carefully.这些幼苗将需要小心的照管。这些幼苗将需要小心的照管。Your hair wants/needs cutting(needs to be cut).你的头发该剪了。你的头发该剪了。2、不定式作定语不定式作定语，放在被修饰词后面，与前面被修饰，放在被修饰词后面，与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系，又在句子中与另一名词或的名词或代词有动宾关系，又在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系，不定式要用主动表被动含义。代词有主谓关系，不定式要用主动表被动含义。I have much

3、work to do.我有许多要做的事情。我有许多要做的事情。（与（与work有动宾关系，与有动宾关系，与I有主谓关系）有主谓关系）Tom is looking for a room to live in.Tom在找一间住的房间。在找一间住的房间。（与（与room有动宾关系，与有动宾关系，与Tom 有主谓关系）有主谓关系）He has a family to support.他要维持一个家庭。他要维持一个家庭。（与（与family有动宾关系，与有动宾关系，与he有主谓关系）有主谓关系）3.3.在在too totoo to结构中，不定结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应式前面可加逻辑主语，所以

4、应用主动形式表示被动意义。用主动形式表示被动意义。例例This book is too This book is too expensive(for me)expensive(for me)to buyto buy.4、不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时，结构：、不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时，结构：主语主语+系动词系动词+形容词形容词+不定式不定式；动词动词+宾语宾语+形容词形容词+不不定式定式。如果形容词是表示。如果形容词是表示难易、利弊难易、利弊等含义，如等含义，如 difficult,easy,comfortable,convenient,hard,cheap,expens

5、ive等，不定式用主动表被动。等，不定式用主动表被动。The question is difficult to answer.这个问题很难回答。这个问题很难回答。The work is easy to do.这项工作很好做。这项工作很好做。I found the car comfortable to ride in.我觉得这种车很好坐。我觉得这种车很好坐。That makes poetry difficult to write.那就使得诗很难写。那就使得诗很难写。5、在、在be to do sth结构中结构中,这种结构中的不定式通常应这种结构中的不定式通常应用主动表被动。下列动词用不定式的主动

6、形式表示被用主动表被动。下列动词用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义动意义:Who is to blame for starting the fire?这场火灾应由谁负责这场火灾应由谁负责?You are to blame for the accident.你应为这事受动责备。你应为这事受动责备。The house is to let.此房出租。此房出租。A lot remains to do.还剩下许多事情要做。还剩下许多事情要做。6、系动词没有被动形式、系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有表示被动意义。常见的有taste(吃起来吃起来),sound(听起来听起来

7、),prove(证明是证明是),feel(摸上去摸上去感到感到),look(看起来看起来)，smell(闻起来闻起来)等等,例如例如:Your reason sounds reasonable.你的理由听起来很合理你的理由听起来很合理。Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.良药苦口良药苦口。7.表示表示“发生、进行发生、进行”的不及物动词的不及物动词和短语，如：和短语，如：happen,last,take happen,last,take place,break out,come out,place,break out,come out,come a

8、bout,come true,run out,come about,come true,run out,give out,turn outgive out,turn out等以主动形式等以主动形式表示被动意义。表示被动意义。例例 How do the newspapers come How do the newspapers come out?out?这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？8 8、一些与、一些与cantcant(不能不能)或或wont wont(不会不会)连连用的动词。常用的有用的动词。常用的有:locklock(锁住锁住),),shutshut(关关上上),),

9、openopen(打开打开),),actact(上演上演),),writewrite(写写)，cut cut(砍，切砍，切)，wear wear(穿，戴穿，戴)等等,用作不及物用作不及物动词时，用主动表被动。动词时，用主动表被动。例如例如:The door wont open.The door wont open.这门打不开。这门打不开。It cant move.It cant move.它不能动。它不能动。9、英语中有很多动词英语中有很多动词如如sell(销售销售),wash(洗洗),clean(打扫打扫),burn(燃烧燃烧),cook(煮煮)break，catch，drive，lock，

10、open，read，write，等与副词如等与副词如well(好好),easily(容易地容易地),perfectly(十分地十分地)等连用等连用,描会描会事物的特性，用主动表被动，结构是主语事物的特性，用主动表被动，结构是主语+动词动词+加副词。加副词。主语通常是物。主语通常是物。This kind of cloth washes wellThe book sells well.这种书很畅销。这种书很畅销。These clothes wash easily.这些衣服很易洗。这些衣服很易洗。The pen writes well.这笔很好写。这笔很好写。10、在、在“there be”句型中作

11、主语的定语如句型中作主语的定语如果果现在分词现在分词时，所用的现在分词要用主动时，所用的现在分词要用主动表被动意义。表被动意义。There is nothing doing these day.这些天没事干。这些天没事干。I see theres a good idea planning.我知道又在打好主意。我知道又在打好主意。介词介词in,on,under等等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义名词构成介词短语表被动意义 表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之义，表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之义，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动

12、形式，名词前一般不用冠词。不用冠词。1.“under+名词名词”结构，表示结构，表示“某事在进行中某事在进行中”。常见。常见的有：的有：under control（受控制）（受控制）,under treatment（在治（在治疗中）疗中）,under repair（在修理中）（在修理中）,under discussion（在（在讨论中）讨论中）,under construction（在施工中）。（在施工中）。例例The building is under construction(is being constructed).2“beyond+名词名词”结构，结构，“出乎出乎胜过胜过、范围、范围

13、、限度限度”。常见的有：。常见的有：beyond belief(令人难以置信令人难以置信)，beyond ones reach（鞭长莫及），（鞭长莫及），beyond ones control（无法控制），（无法控制），beyond our hope 我们的成功始料不我们的成功始料不及。例及。例The rumor is beyond belief（=cant be believed）3.“above+名词名词”结构结构,表示表示“(品质、行为、能力等品质、行为、能力等)超过超过、高于、高于”。例例His honest character is above all praise=His hone

14、st character cannot be praised enough 4“for+名词名词”结构，表示结构，表示“适于适于、为着为着”。如：如：for sale(出售出售),for rent（出租）等。（出租）等。例例That house is for sale.(=That house is to be sold).5“in+名词名词”结构结构，表示，表示“在在过程中或范围内过程中或范围内”常见的有：常见的有：in print（在印刷中），（在印刷中），in sight(在视野范围在视野范围内内)，等。，等。例例The book is not yet in print(=is not

15、yet printed)6“on+名词名词”结构结构,表示表示“在从事在从事 中中”。常见。常见的有：的有：on sale(出售出售)，on show（展出）（展出）,on trial（受（受审）。审）。例例Today some treasures are on show in the museum(=are being showed).7“out of+名词名词”结构结构；表示表示“超出超出 之外之外“，常见的有：常见的有：out of control(控制不了控制不了)，out of sight（超（超出视线之外），出视线之外），out of ones reach(够不着够不着),out

16、of fashion(不流行不流行)等。等。例例 The plane was out of control(cant be controlled)8“within+名词名词”结构，结构，“在在内、不超过内、不超过”。例例He took two days off within the teachers permission 注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。成的影响。试比较：试比较：The door wont lock（指门（指门本身有毛病）本身有毛病）The door wont be l

17、ocked（指不会有（指不会有人来锁门人来锁门,指指“门没有锁门没有锁”是人的原因）是人的原因）被动语态与系表结构的区别被动语态与系表结构的区别 当当“be+过去分词过去分词”作被动语态时表示主语承受的动作；作被动语态时表示主语承受的动作；作系表结构时表示主语的特点或所处的状态时，作系表结构时表示主语的特点或所处的状态时，be后面后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分办法如下：的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分办法如下：1如果强调动作或句中有介词如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者，引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态，否则为系表结构。该句一般为被动语态，否则为系表结构。例

18、例The glass is broken（系表结构）（系表结构）The glass was broken by the boy（被动语态）（被动语态）2如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。语态。例例The door is locked（系表结构）（系表结构）The door has already/just been locked（被动语态）（被动语态）Exercises:choose the best choice.Exercises:choose the best choice.1.There are many good films

19、 played by ChengLong that 1.There are many good films played by ChengLong that are worth _.are worth _.A.to be seen B.being seen C.seeing D.to see A.to be seen B.being seen C.seeing D.to see 2.The food _ easily and sells _.2.The food _ easily and sells _.A.cooks;well B.is cooking;good A.cooks;well B

20、.is cooking;good C.is cooked;well D.cooked;good C.is cooked;well D.cooked;good 3.The windows of the building cant _.,3.The windows of the building cant _.,A.be closed B.close C.be closing D.closed A.be closed B.close C.be closing D.closed C CA AB B二、主动形式表被动含义：二、主动形式表被动含义：一一)、不及物动词的过去分词只表完成不表被动，因此、不及

21、物动词的过去分词只表完成不表被动，因此在在be+p.p.的句型中看似被动实际是主动。的句型中看似被动实际是主动。例如：例如：be gone The days are gone when China was both poor and backward.二）、很多时候过去分词都变成了形容词二）、很多时候过去分词都变成了形容词,因此也是看因此也是看似被动实际表主动似被动实际表主动,尤其是后边加介词更为多见。尤其是后边加介词更为多见。例如：例如：be interested(in)类似的动词有：类似的动词有：be surprised,be excited,be pleased,be satisfied

22、,be disappointed,be shocked,be moved,be amazed,be frightened,be delighted,be ashamed 等。等。三）、某些特殊动词：三）、某些特殊动词：1.be seated =sit down,take ones seat 就座就座Please be seated,ladies and gentlemen.女士们、女士们、先生们先生们,请就座请就座.The woman seated by the window is his mother.=The woman sitting by the window is his mothe

23、r.这样的动词本来就是及物动词，而且后面可跟反身代词这样的动词本来就是及物动词，而且后面可跟反身代词做宾语做宾语She seated herself on the sofa.2.be prepared(for)=prepare(for);be ready(for)）（为）（为)准备好准备好She was prepared for anything to happen.她已准备她已准备好应付一切好应付一切.Well-prepared for the exam,all the students took it confidently.3.be worried(about )=worry(about

24、)对对担心担心She was worried about her missing son.=She worried herself about her missing son.4.be dressed(in)=wear 穿着穿着She is dressed in red today.Hurry up and get dressed!快点穿上衣服快点穿上衣服!5.be concerned(about/with)=care about/be relevant to/be about 关心关心;与与有关联有关联We are all concerned about his health.Were al

25、l concerned for her safety.This book is concerned with the adolescent crime.5.be supposed(to)=should 应该应该 Am I supposed to clean all the rooms or just this one?=Should I clean all the rooms or just this one?6.be devoted to=be loving or loyal 热爱的热爱的;忠实的忠实的 She is devoted to her children.她深爱她的孩子她深爱她的孩

26、子.Her life was devoted to caring for the sick and needy.她一生都致力于关心照顾贫病交迫的人。她一生都致力于关心照顾贫病交迫的人。7.be addicted(to)=be strongly interested(in)对对上上瘾瘾He was addicted to smoking.8.be used(to)习惯于习惯于After three weeks she had got used to the extreme heat.9.be accustomed(to)=be used(to)习惯（于习惯（于.)I soon got accus

27、tomed to his strange ways.我不久就习惯了他那些奇怪的做法我不久就习惯了他那些奇怪的做法.Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given verbs:Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given verbs:1._(dress)in white,he looks like a doctor.1._(dress)in white,he looks like a doctor.2.After _(stay)here for 1 year,he _ 2.Aft

28、er _(stay)here for 1 year,he _(accustom)to the hot weather.(accustom)to the hot weather.3.You _(suppose)to arrive here before 8 3.You _(suppose)to arrive here before 8 oclock.oclock.4.You can pass the exam as long as you _ 4.You can pass the exam as long as you _(prepare,well)for it.(prepare,well)for it.5.After all the people _(seat),the chairman 5.After all the people _(seat),the chairman announced the start of the meeting.announced the start of the meeting.DressedDressedstayingstayingis accustomedis accustomedare supposedare supposedare well-preparedare well-prepared were seatedwere seated