2019高考英语It句型和强调倒装句式讲解.docx

1、2019高考英语It句型和强调倒装句式讲解一、 复习思路这三种句式主要在翻译题中考查；每一种句式都是先讲解知识点然后辅以练习，练习难度分为三个层次。二、复习要点1. 知识点1：It句型It 用法及其句型和固定搭配，是高中英语语法的重点、难点，又是近几年高考的热点，因此应给予充分的重视。That Sunkong develops fast is well-known to us. _. It作形式主语的概念：当不定式（短语），动名词（短语）或从句在句子中作主语时，为保持平衡，避免句式结构的混乱，常用it 作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句尾。It 作形式主语的常用句型:It + be + 形容词(

2、obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, quite clear, unusual, etc.) + that从句。如： It is certain that she will do well in her exam. It is probable that he told her everything.It + be + 名词词组(a fact, good news, no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a

3、pity, no surprise, etc.) + that从句。如： Its a pity that we cant go. Its no surprise that our team should have won the game.It + be + 过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.) + that从句。如： It is said that Mr Green has arrived in Beijing. It is reported that China has sen

4、t another man-made earth satellite into orbit.It + seem（看上去），appear（显得），happen（碰巧）, matter（关系重大），turn out（结果），occur to sb. （某人突然想起）等不及物动词及短语+ that从句。如: It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. It happened that I was out that day.It作形式宾语语的概念：当不定式（短语），动名词（短语）或从句在句子中作宾语时，为保持平衡，避免句式结构的混乱，常

5、用it 作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句尾。此时it只起引导作用，无意义。It 作形式宾语的常用句型:find possible1.S+ think + it+ necessary +clause. feel important find a rule2. S+ think + it + ones duty +clause feel an honor Samples:1. She made it a duty that she takes care of her sick mother.2. I have made it my habit that I get up before 6:30 e

6、very day.练习:基础题：语法填空：1.Therefore, it is safer and more reliable _ people get them repaired by an electrician. that2. _ some of the medicinal benefits of garlic have yet to be proven, it is certain(_ many people enjoy the flavour that it adds to food.（2016年黄浦二模）31. Although/ Though 32. that翻译：_.你错过了这

7、场精彩的足球赛，真是太可惜了。_.他会不会来还是一个问题。_.据报道，16人在地震中丧生。Keys:Its a pity that you missed such an exciting football match.It remains a question whether he will come.It is reported that sixteen people died in the earthquake.提高题：翻译：1. 人们理所当然地认为颜值高的人有可能受到雇主的青睐。(grant) Its taken for granted that those with good phys

8、ical appearance are more likely to be favored by their employers.2. 圣诞节来临，购物中心里人潮涌动，这已经不足为奇了。（It）It is common/not surprising that shopping centers are crowded with people when Christmas is approaching/drawing near/coming.3.昨天他在小组讨论中关于添置运动设备的提议是否能付诸实践还拭目以待。(whether)It remains to be seen whether his p

9、roposal of purchasing/ buying more sports facilities in the group discussion yesterday can be put into practice.4.据报道上海迪斯尼乐园的面积将是香港迪斯尼的四倍。(report v. ) It is reported that the area of the Disney (theme /amusement ) Park in Shanghai will be four times as big (large ) as / three times bigger ( larger )

10、 than / four times the size of that in Hong Kong.5.据报道政府将增加预算用于禁止在公共场所吸烟的行为。（It）It is reported that the government will increase the budget to ban the behavior of smoking in public environment.6.据报道，父母之间的关系将大大影响孩子的学习成绩。(It)Its reported that the relationship between parents can greatly affect their k

11、ids academic scores.7. 据报道，政府已经下定决心要解决环境污染问题。（determine）It is reported that the government has been determined to solve/settle the problem(s) of environmental pollution.8.据说那位年轻教授当众反对了校长的提议。(object) It was said that the young professor objected to the headmasters proposal in public. 9. 事实证明，你尝试的越多，就

12、越有可能提前取得成功。(the more) It is proved that the more you try, the more likely you are to achieve success in advance.10.大家一致认为任何有责任心和毅力的人都有资格申请该职位。（whoever）It is thought that whoever has a sense of responsibility and perseverance/ persistence is qualified to apply for the position.11. 人们普遍认为丰富的想象力可以在很大程度

13、上弥补材料的缺乏。(acknowledge) It is widely acknowledged that rich imagination can to a great extent make up for the lack of materials.12.我从未想到我校篮球队会在决赛中败北。(occur)It never occurred to me that the basketball team of my school would be defeated in the final.13.我万万没想到对电脑知识一窍不通的奶奶如今也迷上了网购。（occur）It has never oc

14、curred to me that grandma who was ignorant of computer knowledge is fascinated by online shopping nowadays.14. 同事们从来没有想到，他会想方设法完成大家认为不可能完成的任务。 (occur) It never occurred to the colleagues that he could try every possible means to accomplish the tasks which they all considered impossible.15. 显而易见，现代社会

15、正在步入一个使机机对话变得十分便利的新时代。（when）It is obvious that our modern society is stepping into a new era, when robot-to-robot communications are made very easy.培优题：It句型在写作中的应用图表作文（一）点明主题From the above graph/chart, it can be seen that（二）分析差异（三）得出结论Its clear/evident from the chart thatGuided Writing： Directions:

16、Write an English composition in 120150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是中华中学学生姚平，最近参加了一项研究性学习调研，课题为“父母是否以子女为荣”。通过调研你校学生及其父母，结果发现双方对此问题的看法有差异（数据如图所示）。根据图表写一份报告，在报告中，你必须：1.描述调研数据；2.分析可能导致这一结果的原因。（2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 上海卷）From the above graph/chart, it can be seen that the

17、 parents who are proud of their children are twenty percent more than the children who consider themselves as prides of their parents.Its clear/evident from the chart that without genuine encouragement from parents, a kid would never end up with a positive grown-up.2.知识点2：强调句式一、强调句句型I met Li Ming at

18、 the railway station yesterday.1.陈述句的强调句型：It is/ was + 被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ who（当强调主语且主语指人）+ 其他部分。强调句例句：针对I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.句子进行强调。强调主语：It was I that （who） met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.强调宾语：It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.强

19、调地点状语：It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.2. 一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把is/ was提到it前面。e.g. Was it yesterday that you met Li Ming at the railway station？3. 特殊疑问句的强调句型：被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其他部分？e.

20、g. When and where was it that you met Li Ming？4. 注意：构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词一般只用that， who，即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that， who不可省略；强调句中的时态只用两种，一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用It was ，其余的时态用It is .二、not until 句型的强调句1. 句型为：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分e.g. 普通句：He didnt go to bed until/ till

21、his wife came back.强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.2. 注意：此句型只用until，不用till.但如果不是强调句型，till， until可通用；因为句型中It is/ was not 已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。三、谓语动词的强调1. It is/ was that 结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/ does或did.e.g. Do sit down. 务必请坐。He did write to you last week. 上周

22、他确实给你写了信。Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！2. 注意：此种强调只用do/ does和did，没有别的形式；过去时用did，后面的谓语动词用原形。四 强调句的判断：判断是否是强调句的一个简便的方法就是：把It was，that结构去掉，如果句子结构完整就是强调句；如果句子结构不完整，那句子中就缺少了成分，可能是主语从句也可能是定语从句 。比较：Therefore, it is safer and more reliable _ people get them repaired by an electrici

23、an.that, 强调句式It is certain _ many people enjoy the flavor that it adds to food. that, 主语从句It was the day _ its first homemade large passenger aircraft, the C919, was shown to the public in Shanghai.when, 定语从句练习基础题：选择题： 1. It is imagination _ makes the world colorful, full of vigor and vitality.A. wh

24、ere B. what C. that D. when2. It _ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks _ I found we had a lot in common.A. was until; when B. was until; thatC. wasnt until; when D. wasnt until; that3. It is not who is right but what is right _ is of importance.A. which B. it C. that D. this4. It was not un

25、til she got home _Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.A. when B. that C. where D. before5. It was after he got what he had desired _ he realized it was not so important.A. that B. when C. since D. as6. It was with great joy _ he received the news that his lost daughter had been found.A. because

26、B. which C. since D. that改写句子：用强调句改写下列句子的划横线部分：1. The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.2. Every night he heard the noise upstairs.3. He began to learn English when he was eleven.4. We should help the old and the poor.Keys: C D C B A DIt was the old man sitting at the gate that/who said he

27、 was ill.It was every night that he heard the noise upstairs.It was the noise upstairs that he heard every night.It was he that/who began to learn English when he was eleven.It was when he was eleven that he began to learn English.It was the old and the poor that we should help.提高题：翻译：1. 是我的志愿者经历让我被

28、这所大学录取了。(It)It was my volunteer experience that helped me to be admitted by the university.2. 这次竞赛之后，我意识到是愚蠢的骄傲蒙蔽了自己。(blind) After the competition, I found that it was my own stupid pride that had blinded me.3. 是一个外国人不顾自己的安危救了那个轻生的男子。(It) It was foreigner that /who saved the man trying/who tried to

29、kill himself/ commit suicide without his own safety.4、正是因为社会过份注重外表，不少年轻人改变了他们原有的饮食习惯。(It) It is because society puts too much value / emphasis on / focuses too much on appearance that teenagers / young people have changed their original dieting / eating habits.5.是不是正是老师的鼓励才使你下定决心去报考你心仪的大学? (强调句) Was

30、 it the teachers encouragement that enabled you to make up your mind to apply for your dreaming university?Was it because of the teachers encouragement that you made up your mind to apply for your dreaming university? 培优题：强调句式在写作中的应用假设你是中华中学学生姚平，最近参加了一项研究性学习调研，课题为“父母是否以子女为荣”。通过调研你校学生及其父母，结果发现双方对此问题的

31、看法有差异（数据如图所示）。根据图表写一份报告，在报告中，你必须：描述调研数据；分析可能导致这一结果的原因。First, conservative Chinese parents are never accustomed to conveying directly how much they are proud of their children. This tendency to conceal feelings hardly helps children develop a strong sense of self-confidence.（首先，保守的中国父母亲不习惯于直接表达他们对于孩子

32、的自豪之情，这种情感的保留很难帮助孩子培养足够的自信心）。以上是范文中的原句，学生可将其改作强调句式：First, conservative Chinese parents are never accustomed to conveying directly how much they are proud of their children. It is this tendency to conceal feelings that hardly helps children develop a strong sense of self-confidence.3. 知识点3：倒装句式一、 全部倒

33、装全部倒装是指整个谓语放到主语的前面，即谓语在前，主语在后。有下列几种：1. there be (lie, stand, live.)句型。there be是谓语，其后的名词是主语。There are different forms of energy.On the top of the mountain there stands an old temple.Once upon a time, there lived a poor fisherman.2. 在以here, there, out, in, up, down, away，now，then等开头的句子中。There goes the

34、 bell.Here comes the bus.Out rushed the boy.Away went the children.The door opened and there entered a middle-aged man.主语是人称代词时不倒装。例如：Here it is.给你。Away he went.他走了。3. 当句首状语为表地点的介词词组时，也常常引起全部倒装。From the valley came a frightening sound.South of the city lies a big steel factory.4. 表语置于句首时，倒装结构为“表语+系动

35、词+主语”(1) 形容词+系动词+主语Present at the meeting were Professor White and many other guests.(2) 过去分词+系动词+主语Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people.(3) 介词短语+be+主语Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.5. such置于句首时Such was Albert Einstein, a simple m

36、an and the 20th centurys greatest scientist.此句型中的such多被认为是表语，所以such后面的be动词应该与其后的“真正主语”保持一致。Such are the facts; no one can deny them.6. 用于so, nor, neither开头的句子，表示重复前句部分内容。原句的谓语应与前句谓语的时态、形式相一致。Li Wei cant answer the question. Neither can I.He has been to Beijing. So have I.注意：如果是重复相同的意思，不倒装。例如：It was

37、cold yesterday.So it was.7. 为了使句子保持平衡，有时需要倒装。Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.On the winding path were to be found footprints of some strange animals.二部分倒装1. 否定副词位于句首时的倒装在正式文体中，never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, no longer, nowhere 等含有否定意义的副词若位于句首，则

38、其后要用部分倒装：I shall never forgive him. / Never shall I forgive him. 我永远不会宽恕他。He seldom goes out for dinner. / Seldom does he go out for dinner. 他很少出去吃饭。She hardly has time to listen to music. / Hardly does she have time to listen to music. 她几乎没时间听音乐。He little realizes how important this meeting is. / L

39、ittle does he realize how important this meeting is. 他不甚明白这个会议的重要性。We had no sooner reached the airport than the plane took off. / No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane took off. 我们刚到机场,飞机就起飞了。【注意】(1) 对于notuntil句型，当not until位于句首时，其后的主句要用倒装语序：He didnt leave the room until the rain stopp

40、ed. / Not until the rain stopped did he leave the room. 雨停了之后他才离开这房间。(2) 某些起副词作用的介词短语，由于含有否定词，若位于句首，其后要用部分倒装：On no accounts must this switch be touched. 这个开关是绝不能触摸的。In Under no circumstances will I lend money to him.无论如何我也不会再借钱给他了。但是，in no time(立即，马上)位于句首时，其后无需用倒装语序：In no time he worked out the prob

41、lem. 他马上就算出了那道题。2.“only+状语”位于句首时的倒装当一个状语受副词only的修饰且置于句首时，其后用部分倒装语序：Only then did he realize that he was wrong. 到那时他才意识到他错了。Only in this way are you able to do it well. 你只有用这种方法才能把它做好。Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 当他回到家里时，才知道出了什么事。3. “so+adj. / adv.”位于句首时的倒装副词so后接形容词或副词

42、位于句首时，其后用部分倒装：So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷，我们只好呆在家里。So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快，我们几乎没法想像它的速度。So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 袭击来得非常突然，我们来不及逃跑。 4.“so+助动词+主语”倒装当要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者，通常就要用“So+助动词+主语”这种倒装结构：

43、You are young and so am I. 你年轻，我也年轻。She likes music and so do I. 她喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。If he can do it, so can I. 要是他能做此事，我也能。【注意】(1) 若前面提出某一否定的情况，要表示后者也属于同样的否定情况，则应将其中的so改为neither或nor：You arent young and neither am I. 你不年轻，我也不年轻。She hasnt read it and nor have I. 她没有读它，我也没有读。(2) 注意该结构与表示强调或同意的“so+主语+特殊动词”结构的区别

44、：It was cold yesterday. So it was. “昨天很冷。”“的确很冷。”Father, you promised. Well, so I did. “爸爸，你答应过的。”“嗯，是答应过。”5. 由not onlybut also引出的倒装当not onlybut also位于句首引出句子时，not only 后的句子通常用部分倒装形式：Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet. 他不仅是一位教师，而且是一位诗人。Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke m

45、ore easily. 不仅他讲得更正确，也讲得更不费劲了。6. 虚拟条件句的省略与倒装当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had, were, should等时，如将if省略，则要将had, were, should等移到主语前，构成倒装句：Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him.若你昨天来，你就会见到他了。Should you require anything give me a ring. 如果需要什么，可以给我打电话。Were it not for your help, I would still be homeless. 要不是你帮助

46、，我会仍然无家可归。【注意】省略if后提前的had不一定是助动词：Had I money, I would buy it. 假若我有钱，我就会买它。练习基础题:1. Only after liberation_ to be treated as human beings. A. did they begin B. they had begun C. they did begin D. had they begun2. Not only _to stay at home, but he was also forbidden to see his friends. A. he was forcing