2019高考英语动名词专项精讲.docx

1、2019高考英语动名词专项精讲一、 考点分析非谓语动词通常出现在语法填空、翻译中，难点是如何准确在各种题型中使用。二、 专题详解 一、动名词的作用1、 作主语谓语用单数。It代替动名词作主语，常用于如下结构：Its no good/use doing做某事没有用There is no + 动名词 (= It is impossible to do sth.) 如：Seeing is believing.Playing with fire is dangerous.Its no good waiting here.Its no use crying over spilt milk. (覆水难收)

2、 There is no knowing what may happen.（未来的事无法知道）2、 作宾语I enjoy listening to music.He often practices playing the piano in the evening.He is fond of playing basketball.He has given up smoking.Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?(1) 只能接动名词作宾语的动词：admit，advise建议，risk，appreciate，envy嫉妒，

3、avoid避免，consider考虑，delay延迟，deny否认，dislike不喜欢，enjoy，escape逃避，excuse原谅、宽恕，finish完成，forgive原谅，understand理解，give up放弃，imagine想象，keep保持，mind介意、在乎，miss未达到，practise训练，put off推迟，resist抵抗，suggest建议、暗示cant help 禁不住，cant stand无法忍受，devote to(to为介词)致力于，look forward to 期望、盼望，stick to坚持，be used to习惯于，object to反对，b

4、e busy忙于，fee like想要be surprised at 对感到惊讶 be proud of 以为骄傲 succeed in 在某方面成功 be afraid of害怕 give up 放弃建议冒险去献身，忍受期待抵逃跑；suggest/advise/recommend,risk,devoteoneselfto,resist/tolerate,lookforwardto,deny,escape放弃延期悔想像，坚持欣赏承实践；quit/giveup,delay,regret,imagine/fancy,keep,enjoy,admit,practice禁止原谅避卷入，考虑感激不自禁；

5、forbid/bar,excuse/pardon/forgive,avoid,involve,consider,appreciate,canthelp允许报告厌介意，承认回想含错过。permit/allow,report,dislike, mind,acknowledge，recall，include，miss练习：1.Idontallow_inmyofficeandIdontallowmyfamily_atall. A.tosmoke,smokingB.smoking,tosmokeC.tosmoke,tosmokeD.smoking,smoking2.Itwontbeanyuse_tobo

6、rrowanymoremoney.A.youtotryB.ofyourtryingC.tryingyouD.yourtrying3.Youshouldreallyavoid_athomealoneasheisoldandill. A.yourfatherstayB.yourfathertostayC.yourfathersstayingD.yourfatherwhostays4.Imdisappointedwiththenewofficerselectedinourclub,butthereisnopoint_aboutit. A.toworryB.inworryingC.withusworr

7、yingD.ifweworry5.Whileshewasshopping,shekept_thelisttomakesureshehadntforgottenanything.A.checkedB.checkingC.tocheckD.check6.Markoftenattemptstoescape_wheneverhebreakstrafficregulations.A.havingbeenfinedB.tohavebeenfinedC.tobefinedD.beingfined7.Mywifesaidinherletterthatshewouldappreciate_fromyousome

8、time.A.tohaveheardB.tohearC.forhearingD.hearing8.Noonecanavoid_byadvertisements.A.tobeinfluencedB.beinginfluencedC.influencingD.havinginfluence9.Theyareconsidering_beforethepricesgoup.A.ofbuyingthehouseB.withbuyingthehouseC.buyingthehouseD.tobuythehouse10.Thesuspectatlastadmitted_stolengoodsbutdenie

9、d_them.A.receiving.sellingB.toreceive.tosellC.toreceiving.tosellingD.tohavereceived.tohavesold1.B2.D3.C4.B5.B6.D7.D8.B9.C10.A(2) 只能接不定式作宾语的动词：happen 碰巧，offer 主动提出，promise 答应，agree 同意，refuse拒绝，decide 决定，determine 决定、决心，pretend 假装，fail 未能够，learn，wish希望，hope，expect，afford 负担得起。 (3) 接动名词、不定式均可，意义相同的动词：l

10、ike，love，dislike，hate，begin，star，continue，prefer，cant bear/endure 无法忍受，cease停止(4) 下列词接动名词和不定式均可，但意义不同的动词：forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等stop to do 停下来去做 stop doing 停止做forget to do 忘记要做 forget doing 忘记做过remember to do 记得要做 remember doing 记得做过regret to do 遗憾要做 regret doing 后悔做过try to do 企图

11、做，尽力做 try doing 试着做go on to do 继续做（另一件事） go on doing 继续做（同一件事）mean to do 打算做 mean doing 意味做In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ for another hour.A waiting B to waiting C wait D to be waiting A(5) Need, require, want作“需要”讲，其后用动名词的主动式表示被动意义，be worth也有类似用法。如：The flowers need watering/to be wa

12、tered.The problem is worth discussing.3、 作表语此时的动名词可以和主语调换位置。如：My hobby is collecting stamps.Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the child.4、 作定语动名词作定语，一般表示用途。如：a waiting room，a diving board，a reading room，a dining hallThere are a lot of swimming pools in the city.二、动名词的时态和语态 语 态 式主动语态被动语

13、态一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done否定式not + 动名词1）一般式：Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。2）被动式：He came to the party without being invited. 他未被邀请就来到了晚会。3）完成式：We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。4）完成被动式：He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. 他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。

14、5）否定式：not + 动名词I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。6）复合结构：1形容词性物主代词 动名词。例如：Your going there will help a lot. 2名词所有格 动名词。例如： We are looking forward to the experts coming to give a speech to us. 3. 宾格代词 动名词。例如：Do you mind me opening the door? 4名词 动名词。例如：Can you hear the noise of the machine r

15、unning? 动名词之前的代词或名词称为该动名词的逻辑主语。动名词的复合结构可在句中作主语、宾语或表语。动名词复合结构在句中作主语时，逻辑主语通常使用名词的所有格或形容词性物主代词；如果名词是表示无生命的事物时，不用名词所有格。当动名词复合结构在句中作宾语时，逻辑主语可以用各种形式。例如：Do you mind my / me / Harrys / Harry leaving now? 【小试】 1. _ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.A. The president will attend B. Th

16、e president to attend C. The president attended D. The presidents attending 2. The discovery of new evidence led to _.A. the thief having caught B. catch the thiefC. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught3. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroo

17、m.A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closedC. being opened and closedD. to open and close1. D 2. C 3. C综合练习（一）1 . The officers narrowly escaped _ in the hot battle . A . have killed B . to kill C . to be killed D . being killed2 . Dont you remember _ ? A . seeing the man before B . to see the

18、man before C . saw the man before D . to have seen the man before3 . People couldnt help _ the foolish emperor in the procession . A . laugh at B . to laugh at C . laughing at D . laughing on4 . Were looking forward _ the photo exhibition . A . to visiting B . to visit C . to having visited D . visi

19、ting5 . This sentence needs _ . A . a improvement B . improve C . improving D . improved6 . What are you going to do this morning ? Im thinking of _ to visit my aunt . A . go B . going C . having gone D . my going7 . I really enjoy _ that kind of job . A . do B . doing C . to do D . to be doing8 . O

20、nly one of these books is _ . A . worth to read B . worth being read C . worth of reading D . worth reading9 . I cant imagine _ that with them . A . do B . to do C . being done D . doing10 . The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _ . A . catching B . to be caught C . being caught D . to catch11

21、. They would not allow him _ across the enemy line . A . to risk going B . risking to go C . for risk to go D . risk going12 . I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days . A . sail B . to sail C . sailing D . to have sailed13 . I usually go there by train . Why not _ by boat

22、 for a change ? A . to try going B . trying to go C . to try and go D . try going14 . I would appreciate _ back this afternoon . A . you to call B . you call C . your calling D . youre calling15 . How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden ? A . to take B . take C . taking D . to be taking16 .

23、 I must apologize for _ ahead of time . Thats all right . A . letting you not know B . not letting you know C . letting you know not D . letting not you know17 . You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting . Well , now I regret _ that . A . to do B . to be doing C . to have done D . hav

24、ing done答案解析1 . D . escape 接动名词作宾语。根据句意应用被动语态一般式。2 . A . remember + doing 表示“记得做过某事”，与句末 before 相吻合。3 . C , cant help 表示“禁不住”，后接 doing 作宾语。4 . A，look forward to , to 为介词，故接动名词。5 . C，解析见动名词作宾语特例两则。6 . B 7 . B 8 . D 9 . D，imagine 须接动名词作宾语。10 . C , miss 接动名词，结合句意应用被动语态一般式。11 . A , allow sb . to do sth

25、, 而 risk 需接动词。12 . C，imagine 后接动名词，此处为动名词的复合结构。13 . D，why not +动词原形，表示向对方提出建议。try doing sth . 意为“试着做某事”。14 . C，appreciate 后接动名词。此处为动名词复合结构。15 . C . How about 后接动名词或动名词复合结构。16 . B，介词后应接动名词，其否定形式 not 应置于动名词前。17 . D，“regret +动名词”表示“后悔做过某事”。动名词用一般式或完成式，意义无明显区别。（二）1.I really appreciate _ to relax with yo

26、u on this nice island.A. to have had time B. having time C. to have time D. to having time2.Fishing is his favorite hobby, and .A. hed like to collect coins as wellB. he feels like collecting coins, tooC. to collect coins is also his hobbyD. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure3. to sunlig

27、ht for too much time will do harm to ones skin.A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed4.The discovery of new evidence led to .A. the thief having caught B. catch the thiefC. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught5. the meeting himself gave them a great deal of

28、encouragement.A. The president will attend B. The president to attendC. The president attended D. The presidents attending6.Victor apologized for to inform me of the change in the plan.A. his being not able B. him not to be able C. his not being able D. him to be not able7.He got well-prepared for t

29、he job interview, for he couldnt risk the good opportunity.A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost8.Accustomed to the steep mountains, he had no difficulty reaching the top.A. climbing B. climb C. having climbed D. have climbed9.Eugenes never willing to alter any of his opinions. Its no use

30、 with him.A. to argue B. arguing C. argued D. having argued10.The parents suggested in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip.A. sleep B. to sleep C. sleeping D. having slept11.All the staff in our company are considering _ to the city centre for the fashion show.A. t

31、o go B. going C. to have gone D. having gone 1.选B。本题考的是动名词做宾语。因为appreciate 后面只跟名词、动名词或宾语从句，不能跟不定式。2.选D。本句考查的是句子的对称。用and 连接的两个部分应该是对称的。因为前半句用动名词做主语，那么后半句也对应地用动名词作主语，这样的结构比较好。3.选C。本题考非谓语动词作主语。在非谓语动词中，只有动名词和不定式能做主语，分词不能做主语。另外，根据意思“被长时间地暴露在阳光下会对人的皮肤有害”，所以要选动名词的被动形式。4.选C。本题考动名词的复合结构。因为词组lead to（句中是led to

32、）的to 是介词，后面要跟动名词，同时还考虑到the thief 与动词catch 的关系是动宾关系，所以要用动名词的被动形式。5.选D。通读全题，发现本句缺少主语，而所给的选项中，只有D 合适，即动名词作主语。A，D 两项是从句，但没有连词，所以不行。6.选C。本题考动名词的复合结构及否定形式。在介词for 后跟的是用动名词复合结构的宾语，所以B, D 两项排除。动名词的否定，not 要放在doing 之前，所以A 项错误。7.选B。本题考非谓语动词作宾语。在动词risk 之后，习惯用-ing 分词作宾语，所以A、C 两项不考虑。而空格后面有the good opportunity 是los

33、e 的宾语，所以此-ing 分词不可能是被动，所以选B。8.选A。词组accustomed to 的to 是介词，所以后面必须跟动名词。accustomed to 的意思是“习惯于.”。9.选B。在句型Its no use 后习惯用doing，而非其他。10.选C。suggest 后只能跟动名词作宾语。11.选B。在动词consider 之后，应该用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式，而且“考虑去做某事”一定是还没有做，所以不可能选having gone。（三）1） Mark often attempts to escape _ whenever he breaks traffic regulatio

34、ns.A）having been fined B） to have been fined C） to be fined D） being fined2）I really appreciate _ to help me， but I am sure that I can manage by myself.A） you to offer B） that you offer C） your offering D） that you are offering3） The thief took away the womans wallet without_。A） being seen B） seeing

35、 C） him seeing D） seeing him4） No one can avoid _ by advertisements。A） to be influenced B） being influenced C） influencing D）having influenced5） They are considering _ before the prices go up。A） of buying the house B） with buying the house C） buying the house D） to buy the house6） If I had remembere

36、d _ the door, the things would not have been stolen。A） to lock B） locking C） to have locked D）having locked7） My transistor radio isnt working。 It _。A） need repairing B） needs to repair C） needs repairing D） need to be repaired8） It is no use _ me not to worry。A） you tell B） your telling C） for you

37、to have told D）having told9） He is very busy _ his papers。 He is far too busy _ callers。A） to write ；to receive B） writing ；to receiveC） writing ；receiving D） to write ；for receiving10）The suspect at last admitted _ stolen goods but denied _ them。A） receivingselling B） to receiveto sellC） to receivi

38、ngto selling D） to have receivedto have sold11） She apologized for _ to come。A） her not being able B） her being not ableC） not being able D） that shes not able to12） Please stop _， boys， I have something important to _ you。A） saying talk B） telling say C） talking speak D） talking tell13） Tony， would

39、 you go and see if Sam has any difficulty _ his tape recorder？A） to fix B） fixing C） for fixing D） fix14）I remember _ to help us if we ever got in trouble。A） once offering B） him once offering C） him to offer D） to offer him15）John regretted _ to the meeting last week。A） not going B） not to go C） no

40、t having been going D） not to be going16） Do you feel like _ out or would you rather _ dinner at home？A） goingto have B） to goto have C） to gohaving D） goinghave17） We had some trouble _ the house and nobody seemed _where it was。A） in findingknowing B） findingto knowC） to findknowing D） to findto kn

41、ow19）It is no good _ remember grammatical rules。 You need to practise what you have learned。A） trying to B） to try to C） try to D） tried to20）I dont like _ at me。A） them laughing B） their laugh C） them laugh D） them to have laughed21）We suggested _ in hotels but the children were anxious _ out。A） sl

42、eepingto camp B） sleepingcampingC） to sleepto camp D） to sleepcamping22）The match was cancelled because most of the members _ a match without a standard court。A） objected to having B） were objected to haveC） objected to have D） were objected to having23）After _ him better， I regretted _ him unfairly。A） getting to knowto judge B） getting to knowto have judgedC） getting to have knowjudging D） getting to knowhaving judged24）He is looking forward to _ his holiday in Britain。A） spend B） h