2019高考英语状语从句专项讲解.docx

1、2019高考英语状语从句专项讲解一、 考点分析 状语从句主要考点在语法填空、翻译和作文。二、 专题详解状语从句梳理知识点1：分类状语从句是副词性从句，它在句子中担任状语，修饰主句的动词、形容词、副词或句子。状语从句可以分为以下九种：1、时间状语从句 2、地点状语从句 3、原因状语从句 4、目的状语从句 5、结果状语从句 6、条件状语从句 7、方式状语从句 8、让步状语从句 9、比较状语从句知识点2：具体用法1) 时间状语从句：ks5uks5uKs5u.Com时间状ks5uks5uks5u语从句ks5uks5uks5u连词例句说明when wheneverWhen I came into the

2、 room, he was writing a letter.当我进屋时，他正在写信。We shall go there whenever we are free.我们什么时间有空，我们就去那里。 when指的是“某一具体的时间”。 whenever指的是“在任何一个不具体的时间”。while While it was raining, they went out.正当天下雨的时候时，他们出去了。I stayed while he was away.他不在的时候而我在。(然而)All of us are working hard while he is sleeping.(然而，并列连词)wh

3、ile指“在某一段时间里”，“在期间”，while引导的动作必须是持续性的。 as He hurried home, looking behind as he went.他赶快回家，一边走一边向后看。 As time goes by, I like China better.随着时间的流逝，我越来越喜欢中国。as （“一边一边”）引导持续性动作，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生；10. “随着” before We had sailed 4 days before we saw land.It will be two years before he leaves this school.The t

4、ailor had measured me before I could get in a word .( 还没来得及就) I finished my task before I went home.我做完作业才回家。 Be a pupil before you become a teacher.先做学生，再做先生。before的常用句式：肯定句：“好久才”；否定句：“不久就”主语+had (not) done sth for something before It was (not) + 一段时间 + before.11. It will (not) be + 一段时间 + before肯定

5、：“要过多久才”否定：“不久就”主句+before sb. can(could) do“还没来得及就”afterHe arrived after the game started.比赛开始后，他到了。after“在之后”till untilWe waited till(until)he came back .我们一直等到他回来。She didnt stop working until eleven oclock .她到11点钟才停止工作。Until he had passed out of sight, she stood there.她站在那里看着，直到看不见他的身影。12. 如主句动词是持

6、续性动作，常用肯定式，表示“直到为止”；13. 如主句动词是瞬间动词，要用否定式。notuntil表示“直到才”“在以前不”。 如果从句放在句首表示强调，一般用until。by也可以表示时间，意为“到为止，不晚于” since Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.自从1978年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。 主句动词为持续性的，从句动词为瞬间的。如果状语从句在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句分开；如果从句在主句之后则不必用标点符号。as soon asHardly/scarcely hadwhenNo sooner hadthan.the

7、 moment.the instantthe secondimmediatelydirectlyinstantlyAs soon as I arrive in Shanghai, Ill write to you.我一到上海就给你写信。 Hardly (scarcely) had I got home when it began to rain. 我刚一到家就下雨了。No sooner had we got to the station than the train left.我们刚到车站，火车就走了。We had just begun the moment we were told to s

8、top. 我们刚开始就被叫停。I felt cheerful immediately I heard the song.我一听到这首歌就感到很愉快。hardlywhen和no soonerthan的意义相当于as soon as，但只表示过去发生的事情，主句为过去完成时，从句为过去时，如hardly或no sooner位于句首时语气强，而且主句的谓语要用部分倒装。名词短语连词：“一就”主句+ the moment从句主句+the instant从句主句+the second从句 副词短语连词：主句+ immediately +从句主句+ directly +从句主句+ instantly+从句

9、every time=each timelast timenext timethe first timeby the time. Every time I traveled by boat, I got seasick.我每次乘船都晕船。Last time we saw you, you were too thin.上次我们见到你的时候，你太瘦了。Next time you come, bring your loved son.下次来的时候，带着你可爱的儿子。 I thought her nice and honest the first time I met her.第一次见面的时候，我就觉

10、得她诚实善良。You will see by the time you receive the gift.收到礼物的时候你就知道了。 every time=each time“每次；每当”last time“上次”next time“下次”the first time“第一次”by the time.“到时”如果在“时间、条件”状语从句中，主句已经是将来时，那么从句就不能用将来时或过去将来时，而要用一般现在时或一般过去时代替将来时。2) 地点状语从句和原因状语从句：从句连词例句说明地点状语从句where whereverWhere there is a will, there is a way

11、.有志者，事竟成。 Where there is water there is life.哪里有水，哪里就有生命。You are free to go wherever you want to.你可以随意到你喜欢的任何地方去。Wherever you go, you must obey the law.无论你去哪都要遵守法律。where与wherever意义基本相同，但后者语气较强，多用于书面语。where “在哪里”wherever“无论哪里” 原因状语从句becauseI came back late yesterday because I was on duty.昨天我回来晚了，因为我值

12、班。because用来回答why 的问题，语气最强一般放在主句之后。sinceSince everyone is here, lets begin our meeting.既然大家都到了，我们开始开会。since表示既然或全已知的理由，稍加分析即可表明的原因，多放句首。as比较：并列连词forAs he didnt know much English,helooked up the word in the dictionary.由于他英语懂得不多，他在字典中查阅这个单词。It must have rained last night, for the ground is still wet.昨天

13、一定下过雨，地还湿呢。as引导的从句常放在句首，说明次要的原因，主句说明结果，常用于口语中。for连接的是并列句。now that seeing thatconsidering that.Now (that)the weather has cleared up, we can start our journey.鉴于天气已经晴朗，我们可以启程了。Seeing (that) he was badly ill, we sent for the doctor.鉴于他病情严重，我们派人去请医生去了。considering that, seeing (that), now that和since 意义相似

14、，都有“鉴于某个事实”的意思，that可以省去。3) 目的状语从句和结果状语从句：从句连词例句说明目的状语从句 so that in order that lest = for fear that（二） I shall write down your telephone number so that I may not forget it.我要把你的电话号码记下来，以免忘记。Well tell you the truth so that you can judge for yourself.我把真实情况告诉你，以便你能自己做出判断。They worked harder than usual i

15、n order that they could finish the work ahead of time.他们比往常更加努力工作，为了能提前完成工作。Put on more clothes lest (= for fear that ) you should catch a cold. 多穿点衣服，以免患感冒。目的状语从句中常用情态动词may (might) can (could),should 等放在动词之前，从句往往放在主句之后，主从句之间不用任何标点符号。注意：1.so that和in order that的从句与so as to和in order to可以转换（简单句）。2.lest

16、后面常用虚拟语气。结果状语从句 so that sothat suchthat We turned up the radio, so that everyone heard the news.我们把收音机的音量放大，结果大家都听到了新闻。 He was so excited that he couldnt say a word.他十分激动，以致一句话都说不出来。so that前有逗号为结果状语从句。sothat的so后面跟形容词或副词。He gave such important reasons that he was excused.他说出了这么重要的理由，得到大家的谅解。It is suc

17、h an interesting novel that all of us want to read it.=It is so interesting a novel that all of us want to read it.这是一本十分有意思的书，大家都想看。suchthat的such后面跟名词，如果名词是单数就要用such a /anthat还可以转换用sothat，语气较强。4) 条件状语从句和方式状语从句：从句连词例句说明条件状语从句if unless as/so long as in case so/as far asonceDifficulties are nothing if

18、 we are not afraid of them.如果我们不怕困难，困难就算不了什么了。We shall go there tomorrow unless it rains.除非下雨，否则我们明天就去那里。= We shall go there tomorrow if it does no train.So long as you work hard, you will succeed.只要你努力工作，你就一定能成功。In case I forget, please remind me about it.万一我忘了，请提醒我一下。 So far as I know, the book wi

19、ll be published next month.据我所知，那本书下月出版。Once you decide to do something, you should try your best.一旦你决定做某件事情，你就应该全力以赴。 unless从句的谓语只能用肯定式。unless和ifnot同义，unless是书面语，ifnot是口语，通常二者可以换用。条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态一般要用现在时或过去时代替一般将来时或过去将来时。方式状语从句as as if=as thoughDraw a cat as I taught you yesterday.按照我昨天教你的画只猫。 Do as

20、 you are told to.按照人家告诉你做的去做。 She looks as if she is ill.看上去她好像是生病了。He acted as if (though) nothing had happened.他的行动就好像什么也没有发生。They treat the black boy as if (though) he were an animal.他们对待这黑孩子仿佛他是一头牲口。 此处as译为“按照”或“正如” as if或as though的意义和用法基本一样。从句中可以用现在时表示可能符合事实，也可以用虚拟语气。同时也要注意跟even if/though（即使，尽管

21、）的意义区别。5) 让步状语从句和比较状语从句：从句连词例句说明让步状语从句though although Although (Though) he was over sixty, (yet) he began to learn French.虽然他六十多岁了，但仍开始学习法语。We were not tired though (although) we had worked all day.虽然我们干了一天活，但并不累。在句子中一般用了“虽然”就不能再用“但是”（but）但可以与yet或still连用。though/although意义相同，用法基本一样，前者通俗，口语化，后者正式多放主句的

22、前面。even if=even thoughIll go even if (though) it rains tomorrow.即使明天下雨，我也要去。even if 和even though的意思为“即使”“纵使”，有退一步设想的意味，多用于书面语中。asChild as he is, he knows a lot.(名词短语提前，零冠词)虽然他是一个孩子，但他懂得很多。Cold as it is, (= Though it is cold,) the children play outdoors. 虽然天气冷，但孩子们仍在户外玩。Try as you might, you cant cat

23、ch me.尽管努力，你也抓不到我。as引出的状语从句多用于书面语，它比用though或although引导的从句，语气强，更有表现力。 如果从句常放在句首，语序部分倒装。no matter (who,what when,where which,how)Do it no matter what others say.不管别人怎么说，尽管干。No matter how busy he was,he studied English every day.不管他多忙,他都每天坚持学习英语 No matter who takes up the matter for me ,I shall be very

24、 grateful.不管谁为我处理这件事，我都将非常感激。no matter与 who-ever引导的让步状语从句意义基本一 样，no matter引导的从句可是以位于主句前或主句后。 Wh-+ever (whatever whoever whenever whichever however)Whatever happens / may happen , we shall not lose heart.无论发生什么，我们都不要失去信心。Whoever comes, he will be welcome.无论谁来，都会受到欢迎。Wh-+ ever从句中的动词有时可以和may连用。判断wh-+ e

25、ver引导的是让步状语从句还是名词性从句的一点是：名词性从句，主句中一定有一个成分要在从句担任，一般从句与主句之间没有逗号。不可将no matter与wh-+ ever连用。比较状语从句asas not so/asasthe sameassuchasMary is as old as my sister.玛利和我姐姐一样大。He doesnt run so (as) fast as Jack (does).他不如杰克跑得那样快。His book is the same as mine.他的书和我的一样。 Henry is not such a good worker as Peter.享利这个

26、工人不如彼得那样好。连词表示同程度级的比较，肯定句用asas，否定句可用not asas 或not soas。thanShe has made greater progress this year than she did last year. 她今年比去年进步更大。 He bought fewer books than I (did).他买的书比我买的少。 He runs less fast than me.他没有我跑得快。表示不同程度之比较，主句中用比较级的形容词或副词。the more the moreThe more you read, the better you understan

27、d.你看的书越多，你懂得的就越多。 The more tickets you sell, the more money you will get. 你卖的票越多，你的收入也越多。The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.你工作越努力，你取得的进步就越大the morethe more 意思为“越越”，通常的语序为从句在前主句在后，这两个the都是。表示程度的副词，用在比较级的形容词或副词前面。句子意思明显，句子的主语和动词都可省略。 倍数的表达方式倍数+as.as.+主+谓倍数+比较级+than+主+谓倍数+the+n(si

28、ze, length, width.)+of+主+谓倍数+what.+主+谓句型结构中倍数都是在最前面的，后面会用到原级、比较级以及名词和句子。练习（一）1. _ difficulties we may come across in carrying out this plan, well work together to overcome them. 2. My grandparents have developed a habit of taking a walk after dinner every day except _ it rains. 3. _ _ the volunteers

29、 have to consider their own problems，they are still encouraged by the spirit.4. _ there is water nearby, make a special effort to breed fish.5. Man must keep in mind that it will be years _ the earth recovers from the damage he makes to it.6. You are sure to be successful in the job market _ you mak

30、e yourself better known to the interviewer.7. Jimmy came back early last night. It was not yet eight oclock _ he got home. 8.Ive already told you that Im going to buy a new iPad, _ much it costs. 9. Facing a beggar, I may feel this poor person needs help, and the need will not be met _ I put my hand

31、 in my pocket now. 10. Charlotte assured Tony that they could easily find the restaurant _ she was familiar with the area. 11. _ _ _ the robbery was committed, the police began searching for the criminals.12.We firmly believe that the project, _ carried out according to the plan, will definitely wor

32、k out well. 13.The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, _ accompanied by an adult. 14. _ youve tried it, you cant imagine how tasty the fish I cooked is.15. It is five years _ she began to take up raising flowers, and shes got a lot of experience in how

33、 to keep them more attractive. 16. If you want to do the experiment again, youd better be more careful you made a mistake. 17. Such an educational programme can teach students how to make positive choices _ having faced with conflict. 18. It is recommended that the exploration team take with them an

34、 extra set of equipment _ _ unexpected emergency occurs. 19. Most probably it will be another 7 hours _ you can have next meal, so each of you must have your stomach full. 20. _ the doctors tried every means, the 2-year-old girl who survived in the Indiana Hurricane(飓风) finally gave up and joined he

35、r parents in heaven. 21. The man wont be sent to prison _ _ _ he does volunteer work in the community for at least two years.22. _ you are in a speech contest or you are giving a talk in class, a little preparation will make your presentation organized and dynamic.Keys: 1. Whatever 2. when 3. Even i

36、f 4. Where 5. before 6. once 7. when8. however 9. unless 10. because 11. As soon as12. if 13. unless 14. Unless 15. since 16. where 17. when 18. in case 19. before 20. Although21. on condition that 22. Whether（二）1. After a few months, we did not complain about homework anymore_we knew that our teach

37、ers worked harder than we did. 2. To give our thanks, we wrote a big card to the teachers _it was teachers day. 3. Later the family settled on Philips Island south of Melbourne _Hemsworth enjoyed surfing. 5. The man took off, but instead of running out of the back door _ he came in, he accidentally

38、ran into the garage and was seized there. 6. The contest is the first national championship in the US, _ Canadian filmmaker, Albert Nerenberg, has previously organized national laughing contests in Canada and Japan and a state championship in California back in 2010. 7. The final straw came in July

39、_I had decided to focus on commercial modeling8. You may not think they are related in any possible way, but scientists say that the extreme cold started in the North Pole, where the sea ice is melting rapidly_the burning of fossil fuels. 9. Do you, like a teacher or an expert in a field, wish to il

40、lustrate your ideas in detail to people unfamiliar with your subject _they can understand your ideas clearly and thoroughly? 10. Furthermore, _talented the speaker is, a talk without enough preparation is usually a failure. 11. You just smile _ _ everything is fine. 12. But _I could reach it, one of

41、 my feet caught in something soft and I fell down.13. _ the day of the party came near, Merlin began to think how to make a grand entrance at the party.14. However,_she loved teaching; in 1946 Mother Teresa left the school and went to work in the poor parts of Calcutta. 15. Mother Teresa is now a we

42、ll-known person. Many photos have been taken of her, _ she travels around the world to open new schools and hospitals in poor countries.16. For month after month an animal may try to bite you every time you approach its cage, _you despair of ever making a favorable impression on it. 17. Like high-vo

43、ltage (高电压) transformers, heroes take the energy of higher powers and step it down _ _ it can be used by ordinary people.18. _ the answer or evidence suggests they serve only their own fame, they may be famous persons but not heroes. 19. _ much they earned, it never seemed to be enough. 20. It was s

44、everal years _ Alan and Linda managed to land on their feet, and though they now live a life far from wealthy, they have learned a valuable lesson from their lives and felt quite blessed.21. “It really made a difference _ we were going under financially.” 22. In New York, “Im having a dinner party” means “Im booking a table for 12 at a restaurant you can hardly afford and well be sharing the check evenly,_ you eat.” believe that taking a minor subject is a rewarding experience23. _ the reasons are d