英语高考不规则动词过去式和过去分词(DOC 17页).doc

1、英语高考不规则动词过去式和过去分词 英语高考不规则动词变化集中识记 2017/1/20一、AAA型，即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。（共9个）costcostcostcutcutcuthithithithurthurthurtletlet letputputputreadreadreadsetsetsetshutshutshut二、ABB型，即过去式、过去分词相同。（共41个）1 过去式和过去分词都含有 -ought。（3个）bringbroughtbroughtbuy boughtboughtthinkthought thought2 词尾有-ild，-end时，只需把d变为t。（4个）

2、buildbuiltbuiltlendlent lentsendsentsentspendspent spent3过去式、过去分词都含有 -aught。（2个）catchcaughtcaughtteachtaughttaught4把-eep变为-ept。（3个）keepkeptkeptsleepsleptsleptsweep sweptswept5 把-ell变为-old。（2个）telltoldtoldsellsoldsold6过去式、过去分词都含有-elt或-ilt。（4个）smellsmeltsmeltspellspeltspeltfeelfelt feltspillspiltspilt

3、7过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。（3个）learnlearntlearntmeanmeantmeantspoilspoiltspoilt8过去式、过去分词词尾是d。（4个）saysaidsaidpaypaidpaidlaylaidlaidhearheardheard9改变元音字母。（11个）meetmetmetgetgotgotsitsatsatfind foundfoundholdheldheldspitspatspatshine shoneshonewinwonwonhanghunghungdig dugdugloselostlost10改变辅音字母。（1个）makemademade1

4、1 改变元、辅音字母。（4个）leaveleftleftstandstoodstoodhave（has） hadhadunderstandunderstoodunderstood三、ABC型，即原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。（共35个）1 iau变化。（6个）beginbeganbegundrinkdrankdrunksing sangsungringrangrungswimswamswumsink sanksunk2 词尾为-ow，-aw时，过去式将其变为-ew，过去分词在其原形后加n。（5个）blowblewblowndrawdrewdrawngrow grewgrownknowknew

5、knownthrowthrewthrown（show除外）3 词尾为“i辅（1个）e”，过去式将i变为o，过去分词多在原形后加n，若那个辅音字母为d或t，须双写d或t后加n。（4个）（give，hide除外）drivedrovedrivenwritewrotewrittenride roderiddenriseroserisen4 过去分词在过去式后加（e）n。（5个）breakbrokebrokenchoosechosechosenfreezefrozefrozenspeakspokespokenwakewoke woken5 过去分词由过去式加-ten构成。（1个）forgetforgot

6、forgotten6 过去分词由原形加（e）n构成。（6个）bewas（were）beeneatateeatenfallfellfallengivegavegivenseesawseenhidehidhidden（hid）7 词尾为-ake时，过去式将其变为-ook，过去分词在原形词后加-n。（2个）taketooktakenmistakemistookmistaken8 原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。（6个）dodiddoneflyflewflowngowentgonelielaylainshowshowedshownwearworeworn四、AAB型，即过去式和原形相同。（1个）bea

7、tbeatbeaten五、ABA型，即过去分词和原形相同。（3个）comecamecomebecomebecamebecomerun ranrun六、情态动词型，只有原形和过去式，没有过去分词。（4个）cancouldmaymightwillwouldshallshould文中6个动词的过去式和过去分词，还有一种规则变化形式。不规则动词相对于规则动词来说，难记得多，是最难对付的一类词。学生难学，老师难教。幸好它们不是杂乱无章的，可根据其中的一些内部规律来记忆。下面给大家介绍一种归纳记忆法，以期大家在攻克这一难关时，能收到事半功倍的效果。一、 原形、过去式、过去分词相同：costcuthithu

8、rtletputreadshut （细心的你一定会发现，这些词中大多数是以字母t结尾的。）二、 原形、过去式相同，过去分词不同：beatbeatbeaten三、 原形、过去分词相同，过去式不同：comecamecomebecomebecamebecomerunranruncome，become，属不规则变化，但welcome属规则动词，其过去式、过去分词为：welcomed，welcomed四、 过去式，过去分词相同：(1) 去掉字母组合ee中的一个emeetmetmetfeedfedfed(2) 去掉字母组合ee中的一个e,然后再在词尾加tfeelfeltfeltsleepsleptslep

9、tkeepkeptkeptsweepsweptswept(3) 词尾为的ll 去掉一个l加tspellspeltspeltsmellsmeltsmeltspillspiltspilt(4) 过去式和过去分词以aught或 ought结尾catchcaughtcaughtteachtaughttaughtbringbroughtbroughtbuyboughtboughtthinkthoughtthought(5) 将stand改为stoodstandstoodstood understandunderstoodunderstood(6) 将ay改为aidlaylaidlaidpaypaidpa

10、idsaysaidsaid(7) 将d改为tlendlentlentsendsentsentspendspentspentbuildbuiltbuilt(8) 将i改为a , o, u等sitsatsatspitspatspatwinwonwondigdugdug(9) 将ell改为oldtelltoldtoldsellsoldsold(10) 词尾加tlearnlearntlearntmeanmeantmeantdreamdreamtdreamtspoilspoiltspoilt(11) 有两种过去式和过去分词, 一种是不规则的, 一种是规则的learnlearntlearntlearnle

11、arnedlearnedshineshoneshoneshineshinedshinedhanghunghunghanghangedhangedsmellsmeltsmeltsmellsmelledsmelled(12) 其它have（has）hadhadhearheardheardshootshotshotloselostlostholdheldheldgetgotgot（AmE gotten）findfoundfoundmakemademadeleaveleftleft五、三者均不同：(1) 过去式以ew结尾、过去分词以own结尾blowblewblownflyflewflowngrowg

12、rewgrownknowknewknownthrowthrewthrown值得注意的是:showshowedshown或showeddrawdrewdrawn(2)改i为a变成过去式、改i为u变成过去分词beginbeganbegundrinkdrankdrunkringrangrungsingsangsungswimswamswumsinksanksunk(3)改i为o变成过去式，过去分词以n结尾drivedrovedrivenwritewrotewrittenriseroserisenrideroderidden(4) 原形后加n变成过去分词drivedrovedrivenriserose

13、riseneatateeatenfallfellfallengivegavegiven(5) 过去式后加n变成过去分词breakbrokebrokenchoosechosechosenfreezefrozefrozenmistakemistookmistakenstealstolestolenspeakspokespokentaketooktakenwakewokewoken（或woke）(6)其它bewas或werebeendodiddoneforgetforgotforgottengowentgonehidehidhiddenseesawseenwearworeworn六、 有两种过去式和

14、过去分词，但词义相同。wakewokewoken （或woke） wakewakedwakedsinksanksunksinksunksunken七、动词因其过去式、过去分词有两种形式而产生不同词义：shine、hang的两种过去式和过去分词：shoneshone照耀shinedshined擦亮hunghung悬挂hangedhanged绞死八、两个既可以做过去式，又可以做动词原形的词lie躺卧laylainlying（现在分词）lay放，下蛋laidlaidlayingfind 找到、发现findfoundfoundfound 创建，成立 foundfoundedfounded九、根据动词之

15、间的词义联系来记忆（一）词义相对：(1) comecamecome来 gowentgone去(2) givegavegiven给getgotgot（AmE gotten）获得(3) sleepsleptslept睡觉wakewokewoken （或woke） wakewakedwaked 醒来(4) riseroserisen上升、上涨、升起fallfellfallen下降、落下、倒下sinksanksunk sinksunksunken 沉下, (使)下沉(5) buyboughtbought买 sellsoldsold出售, 卖(6) taketooktaken带去bringbrought

16、brought 带来(7) teachtaughttaught教learnlearntlearnt learnlearnedlearned 学习、学会(8) loselostlost丢失、失败findfoundfound找到winwonwon赢得、（获）胜(9) standstoodstood站、立sitsatsat坐(10) sendsentsent 送、寄、发送getgotgot（AmE gotten）获得、收到（二）、词义相近：(1) beatbeatbeaten .打, 打败winwonwon赢得、获胜(2) understandunderstoodunderstood 懂, 了解kn

17、owknewknown 知道, 了解, 认识(3) getgotgot（AmE gotten）变成、成为、变得becomebecamebecome 变成, 成为, 变得gowentgone变成turnturnedturned变成(4) spendspentspent 花费、度过paypaidpaid 支付、交纳costcostcost花费、价值为taketooktaken花费(5) saysaidsaid说、讲speakspokespoken说、演讲telltoldtold 告诉、说、吩咐、断定talktalkedtalked谈话, 讲, 谈论, 议论A-B-B 型变化不定式 过去式 过去分词

18、 基本意义bend bent bent 使变曲bring brought brought 带来；引起；产生buy bought bought 购买；采购catch caught caught 接住；抓住；赶上；染上deal dealt dealt 分配；分给dig dug dug 挖（土）；掘地feel felt felt 触摸（某物）；感觉到fight fought fought 搏斗；奋斗；斗争；find found found 发现；找到；get got got/gotten 收到；接到；得到；成为have had had 有；吃；喝；进行；经受hear heard heard 听见；听

19、说；得知hold held held 拿住；抓住；抱；举行keep kept kept 留下；保留；继续lay laid laid 放置；产（卵）leave left left 离开；把留下；剩下learn learntlearned learntlearned 学；学习；获悉；得知lend lent lent 借出；借给lose lost lost 失去；丧失；损失make made made 做；制作；制造；使得meet met met 遇见；碰见；相遇babysit babysat babysat 照顾婴儿pay paid paid 付钱；给报酬不定式 过去式 过去分词 基本意义say

20、said said 说，讲sell sold sold 卖；销售shine shone shone 发光；照耀；照射sit sat sat 坐；就座sleep slept slept 睡，睡觉；睡着smell smelt smelt 闻出；嗅；发出气味spend spent spent 用（钱）；花（时间）；度过stand stood stood 站立；直立；位于；经受teach taught taught 教，教授；传授tell told told 告诉；讲述；吩咐think thought thought 想，思考，认为understand understood understood 懂；

21、理解；领会win won won 赢；获胜；赢得，获得build built built 建筑，建造feed fed fed 喂养hang hung hung 悬挂，吊sweep swept swept 打扫send sent sent 送，派shoot shot shot 射击spit spat spat 吐（痰）spoil spoilt spoilt 溺爱，损坏，破坏flee fled fled 逃离lead led led 引导；致便；领导mislead misled misled 把引错方向;给带错路mean meant meant 意思是 A-B-A型变化不定式 过去式 过去分词 基

22、本含义overcome overcame overcome 克服，战胜become became become 变为，成为come came come 到来；出现run ran run 跑，奔跑；A-B-C型变化不定式 过去式 过去分词 基本含义Be was/were been 有；存在；是；成为begin began begun 开始blow blew blown 吹，刮；吹响break broke broken 打破（断，碎）；损坏，撕开choose chose chosen 选择，挑选，选取do did done 做，干drink drank drunk 喝；饮drive drove d

23、riven 驾驶（车）：驱赶eat ate eaten 吃fall fell fallen 落下；跌落；变为fly flew flew 飞；飞行；forget forgot forgotten 忘记；遗忘；忽视freeze froze frozen （使）结冰；冷冻give gave given 送给；授予；供给；go went gone 去；离去；行驶；通到；到达grow grew grown 变成；生长；发育；种植know knew known 知道，懂得；了解；认识lie lay lain 躺；平卧；（指物）平放ride rode ridden 骑马、自行车等；搭乘ring rang r

24、ung （铃等）鸣响；打电话rise rose risen 上升；上涨；起立see saw seen 看见；察觉；领会show showed shown/showed 给看；展出；表明shake shook shaken 颤抖sing sang sung 唱，唱歌speak spoke spoken 说话；会说（某语言）；发言steal stole stolen 偷；窃取swim swam swum 游水；游泳take took taken 拿；服用；乘坐；花费throw threw thrown 投，抛，扔，掷wake woke woken 醒，醒来，叫醒wear wore worn 穿，戴

25、write wrote written 写，书写；写作，著述forgive forgave forgiven 原谅hide hid hidden/hid 躲，藏dive dove dived 跳水sink sank sunk/sunken 下沉A-A-A型变化不定式 过去式 过去分词 基本含义cost cost cost 价值为，花费；使付出cut cut cut 切；割；剪；砍；削hurt hurt hurt 使受伤痛；刺痛；伤害let let let 允许，让put put put 放，摆；装入read read read 阅读，朗诵shut shut shut 关上，封闭；紧闭；合拢up

26、set upset upset 使人不舒服bet bet bet 确信，打赌hit hit hit 击中set set set 放置一、 AAA型，即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。（共9个）costcostcostcutcutcuthithithithurthurthurtletlet letputputputreadreadreadsetsetsetshutshutshut二、ABB型，即过去式、过去分词相同。（共41个）1 过去式和过去分词都含有 -ought。（3个）bringbroughtbroughtbuy boughtboughtthinkthought thought2 词尾

27、有-ild，-end时，只需把d变为t。（4个）buildbuiltbuiltlendlent lentsendsentsentspendspent spent3过去式、过去分词都含有 -aught。（2个）catchcaughtcaughtteachtaughttaught4把-eep变为-ept。（3个）keepkeptkeptsleepsleptsleptsweep sweptswept5 把-ell变为-old。（2个）telltoldtoldsellsoldsold6过去式、过去分词都含有-elt或-ilt。（4个）smellsmeltsmeltspellspeltspeltfeel

28、felt feltspillspiltspilt7过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。（3个）learnlearntlearntmeanmeantmeantspoilspoiltspoilt8过去式、过去分词词尾是d。（4个）saysaidsaidpaypaidpaidlaylaidlaidhearheardheard9改变元音字母。（11个）meetmetmetgetgotgotsitsatsatfind foundfoundholdheldheldspitspatspatshine shoneshonewinwonwonhanghunghungdig dugdugloselostlost10

29、改变辅音字母。（1个）makemademade11 改变元、辅音字母。（4个）leaveleftleftstandstoodstoodhave（has） hadhadunderstandunderstoodunderstood三、ABC型，即原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。（共35个）1 iau变化。（6个）beginbeganbegundrinkdrankdrunksing sangsungringrangrungswimswamswumsink sanksunk2 词尾为-ow，-aw时，过去式将其变为-ew，过去分词在其原形后加n。（5个）blowblewblowndrawdrewdra

30、wngrow grewgrownknowknewknownthrowthrewthrown（show除外）3 词尾为“i辅（1个）e”，过去式将i变为o，过去分词多在原形后加n，若那个辅音字母为d或t，须双写d或t后加n。（4个）（give，hide除外）drivedrovedrivenwritewrotewrittenride roderiddenriseroserisen4 过去分词在过去式后加（e）n。（5个）breakbrokebrokenchoosechosechosenfreezefrozefrozenspeakspokespokenwakewoke woken5 过去分词由过去式

31、加-ten构成。（1个）forgetforgotforgotten6 过去分词由原形加（e）n构成。（6个）bewas（were）beeneatateeatenfallfellfallengivegavegivenseesawseenhidehidhidden（hid）7 词尾为-ake时，过去式将其变为-ook，过去分词在原形词后加-n。（2个）taketooktakenmistakemistookmistaken8 原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。（6个）dodiddoneflyflewflowngowentgonelielaylainshowshowedshownwearworeworn

32、四、AAB型，即过去式和原形相同。（1个）beatbeatbeaten五、ABA型，即过去分词和原形相同。（3个）comecamecomebecomebecamebecomerun ranrun六、情态动词型，只有原形和过去式，没有过去分词。（4个）cancouldmaymightwillwouldshallshould文中6个动词的过去式和过去分词，还有一种规则变化形式。不规则动词相对于规则动词来说，难记得多，是最难对付的一类词。学生难学，老师难教。幸好它们不是杂乱无章的，可根据其中的一些内部规律来记忆。下面给大家介绍一种归纳记忆法，以期大家在攻克这一难关时，能收到事半功倍的效果。一、 原形

33、、过去式、过去分词相同：costcuthithurtletputreadshut （细心的你一定会发现，这些词中大多数是以字母t结尾的。）二、 原形、过去式相同，过去分词不同：beatbeatbeaten三、 原形、过去分词相同，过去式不同：comecamecomebecomebecamebecomerunranruncome，become，属不规则变化，但welcome属规则动词，其过去式、过去分词为：welcomed，welcomed四、 过去式，过去分词相同：(1) 去掉字母组合ee中的一个emeetmetmetfeedfedfed(2) 去掉字母组合ee中的一个e,然后再在词尾加tfe

34、elfeltfeltsleepsleptsleptkeepkeptkeptsweepsweptswept(3) 词尾为的ll 去掉一个l加tspellspeltspeltsmellsmeltsmeltspillspiltspilt(4) 过去式和过去分词以aught或 ought结尾catchcaughtcaughtteachtaughttaughtbringbroughtbroughtbuyboughtboughtthinkthoughtthought(5) 将stand改为stoodstandstoodstood understandunderstoodunderstood(6) 将ay改

35、为aidlaylaidlaidpaypaidpaidsaysaidsaid(7) 将d改为tlendlentlentsendsentsentspendspentspentbuildbuiltbuilt(8) 将i改为a , o, u等sitsatsatspitspatspatwinwonwondigdugdug(9) 将ell改为oldtelltoldtoldsellsoldsold(10) 词尾加tlearnlearntlearntmeanmeantmeantdreamdreamtdreamtspoilspoiltspoilt(11) 有两种过去式和过去分词, 一种是不规则的, 一种是规则的

36、learnlearntlearntlearnlearnedlearnedshineshoneshoneshineshinedshinedhanghunghunghanghangedhangedsmellsmeltsmeltsmellsmelledsmelled(12) 其它have（has）hadhadhearheardheardshootshotshotloselostlostholdheldheldgetgotgot（AmE gotten）findfoundfoundmakemademadeleaveleftleft五、三者均不同：(1) 过去式以ew结尾、过去分词以own结尾blowbl

37、ewblownflyflewflowngrowgrewgrownknowknewknownthrowthrewthrown值得注意的是:showshowedshown或showeddrawdrewdrawn(2)改i为a变成过去式、改i为u变成过去分词beginbeganbegundrinkdrankdrunkringrangrungsingsangsungswimswamswumsinksanksunk(3)改i为o变成过去式，过去分词以n结尾drivedrovedrivenwritewrotewrittenriseroserisenrideroderidden(4) 原形后加n变成过去分词

38、drivedrovedrivenriseroseriseneatateeatenfallfellfallengivegavegiven(5) 过去式后加n变成过去分词breakbrokebrokenchoosechosechosenfreezefrozefrozenmistakemistookmistakenstealstolestolenspeakspokespokentaketooktakenwakewokewoken（或woke）(6)其它bewas或werebeendodiddoneforgetforgotforgottengowentgonehidehidhiddenseesawse

39、enwearworeworn六、 有两种过去式和过去分词，但词义相同。wakewokewoken （或woke） wakewakedwakedsinksanksunksinksunksunken七、动词因其过去式、过去分词有两种形式而产生不同词义：shine、hang的两种过去式和过去分词：shoneshone照耀shinedshined擦亮hunghung悬挂hangedhanged绞死八、两个既可以做过去式，又可以做动词原形的词lie躺卧laylainlying（现在分词）lay放，下蛋laidlaidlayingfind 找到、发现findfoundfoundfound 创建，成立 foundfoundedfounded九、根据动词之间的词义联系来记忆（一）词义相对：(1) comecamecome来 gowentgone去(2) givegavegiven给getgotgot（AmE gotten）获得(3) sleepsleptslept睡觉wakewokewoken （或woke） wakewakedwaked 醒来(4) riseroserisen上升、上涨、升起fallfellfallen下降、落下、倒下si