高考英语阅读理解专题主旨大意解题技巧与真题汇总(DOC 9页).docx

1、高考阅读-主旨大意题一、 普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲英语考核目标与要求（阅读）（1） 理解主旨要义；（2） 理解中文具体信息；（3） 根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4） 做出判断和推理；（5） 理解文章的基本结构；（6） 理解作者的意图、观点和态二、主旨大意类题目，其常见考题形式为:1.Themainidea/keypointofthispassageisthat？2.Thepassageismainlyabout？3.Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassageis？4.Thetopic/subjectdiscussedinthispassageis？5.

2、Fromthepassagewecanlearn/concludethat？6.Thelastparagraphischieflyconcernedwith？7.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemain ideaofthepassage?？8.Which of the following best state the theme of the passage？三、题目设置原则1.关键词；2.同义替换；3.题文同序四、 核心信息：2+3+4 原则2个地方： 首：第一段开头，第二段开头，末段开头尾：第一段结尾，文章结尾。3个特殊：标点：除开

3、逗号和句号之外的符号，特别是？：-“”（）注释：数字4种逻辑转折：but，or，yet这三个后面是重点；although，even if，while主句是重点；however，unfortunatelyrather，instead，in fact比较：比较级和最高级。强调：Just，only，now，today，at present目的：in order to，to，so that【及时训练】2019全国3卷 B篇For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western

4、 creative.For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers, she says. China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about

5、 fashion today, you are talking about China its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways.27.What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Young Models Selling Dreams to the World B.A Chinese Art Exhibition Held

6、 in New York C. Differences Between Eastern and Western Aesthetics D. Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends2019全国3卷C篇As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量)technologieslike fingerprint scansto keep others out of private e-spac

7、es. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置)that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which one types and the pressure fingers apply

8、 to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a users typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine peoples identities, and by extension, whether they should be given acces

9、s to the computer its connected toregardless of whether someone gets the password right.It also doesnt require a new type of technology that people arent already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 vol

10、unteers type the word “touch”four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly

11、 made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.28. Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?A. To reduce pressure on keys. B. To improve accuracy in typingC. To replace the password system. D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.2019全国2卷C篇

12、Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beachs Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtels me time. And like more Americans, shes not alone.A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in Americ

13、a. More than half（53 percent）have breakfast alone and nearly half（46 percent）have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know? Bechtel said, looking up from he

14、r book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. Today, I just wanted some

15、time to myself, she said.Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom hes on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction（交流）. I reflect on how my

16、 days gone and think about the rest of the week, he said. Its a chance for self-reflection, You return to work recharged and with a plan.That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those

17、days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. It doesnt feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology, said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the report.28. What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about?A. Food variety.B. Ea

18、ting habits.C. Table manners.D. Restaurant service.29. Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?A. To meet with her coworkers.B. To catch up with her work.C. To have some time on her own.D. To collect data for her report.31. What is the text mainly about?A. The trend of having meals alone.B. The

19、importance of self-reflection.C. The stress from working overtime.D. The advantage of wireless technology.2019江苏真题B篇In the 1960s，while studying the volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park，Bob Christiansen became puzzled about something that，oddly，had not troubled anyone before：he couldnt find

20、the parks volcanoIt had been known for a long time that Yellowstone was volcanic in nature-thats what accounted for all its hot springs and other steamy featuresBut Christiansen couldnt find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere1. What puzzled Christiansen when he was studying Yellowstone？AIts complicate

21、d geographical featuresBIts ever-lasting influence on tourismCThe mysterious history of the parkDThe exact location of the volcano2019浙江真题A篇WhyHisefforttoreunitefamilieswithlostmedalsbeganwith aChristmasgiftfromhismother,aPurpleHeartwiththename CorradoA.G.Piccoli,foundinanantiqueshop.Zacknov meaning

22、ofaPurpleHeariheearedonehimselfina warasasoldier.Sowhenhismothergavehimthemedal,he knewrightawaywhathehadtodo.2l.WheredidZacgetaPurpleHeartmedalforhimsel?A.Inthearmy.B.Inananiqueshop.D.FromAdelineRockko.C.Fromhismother.2018全国3卷B Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a near

23、by port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million. But not a

24、ll cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight. In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野). But gold was discovered there in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000.But no matte

25、r how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable. Necessities like food and wood were very expensive. But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found. The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in setting down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries i

26、n Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come. Today, people still come and go to see where the Canadian gold rush happened. Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City-its present population is 762.27. What is the text mainly about?A. The rise and fall of a cityB. The gold rush i

27、n Canada.C. Journeys into the wilderness.D. Tourism in Dawson.2018全国3卷 D Adults understand what if feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to

28、live more with less. We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together. He had my full attention and I had his. My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us. 35. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Take it or Leave it B. A Lesson from Kids C. Live M

29、ore with Less D. The Pleasure of Giving2018全国2卷DWeve all been there:in a lift,in line at the bank or on airplane,surrounded by people who are，like us，deeply focused on their smartphones or worse，struggling with the uncomfortable silence.Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a sig

30、nificant greater sense of belonging，a bond with others.carducci believes developing such things of belonging start with small talk.“small talk is the basis of good manners，”he says.35.whats the best title for the text?A.conversation countsB.ways of making small talkC.benefit of making small talkD.un

31、comfortable silence2018全国1卷BGood Morning Britains Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susan

32、na and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonights Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the familys long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.27. What can be a suitable

33、title for the text? A. Keeping Fit by Eating SmartB. Balancing Our Daily DietC. Making yourself a Perfect ChefD. Cooking Well for Less2017全国1卷BI first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. When the studio di

34、dnt want me for the film it wanted somebody as well known as Paul he stood up for me. I dont know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.I last saw him a few months ago. Hed been in and out of the hospital. He and I both knew what the deal

35、 was, and we didnt talk about it. Ours was a relationship that didnt need a lot of words.27. What is the authors purpose in writing the text?A. To show his love of films.B. To remember a friend.C. To introduce a new movie.D. To share his acting experience.2018天津CTheresanewfrontierin3Dprintingthatsbe

36、ginningtocome focus:food.Recentdevelopmenthasmadepossiblemachinesthat print cook and serve food on a mass scale.Andtheindustryisntstoppingthere.5.Whatcouldbethebesttitleof besttitleofthepassage?A.3DFoodPrinting:DeliciousNewTechnologyB.ANewWaytoImprove 3DFoodPrintingC.TheChallengesfor3DFoodProdD.3DFo

37、odPrinting:FromFarmtoTable2018北京AAmonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankleswasinjured andthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks,leavingmeonlytwoweeks totrain.Yet，Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.Determined to be myself，move forward，free of shame and worldly labels，I can now call my self a“marathon winner”.4.Whatdoest

38、hestorymainly tellus?A.Amanoweshissuccesshissuccesstohisfamilysupport.B.AwinnerisonewithagreateffortofwillC.Failureisthemother ofsuccess.D.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.2018北京CPlastic-EatingWormsHumans produce more than 300 milliontonsofplasticeveryyear.Almost halfofthatwindsupinlandfills(垃圾填埋场),anduptol2

39、milliontonspollutethe oceans.Sofarthereisnoeffectivewayto get rid of it，but anewstudysuggestsananswermaylie lieinthe stomachsofsomehungryworms.4.Whatisthemain purposeofthepassage?A.Toexplainastudymethodonworms.B.TointroducethedietofaspecialC.To presentawaytobreakdownplastics.E.Toproposenewmeanstokee

40、peco-balance.2016课标全国 C Reading canbeasocialactivity.Thinkofthepeople.who belongtobookgroups.Theychoosebookstoreadandthenmeetto discussthem.Now，thewebsiteBookCturnsthepageon thetraditionalideaofabookgroup.1.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext？A.OnlineReading:AVirtualTourB.ElectronicBooks:ANewTrendC.ABookGr

41、oupBringstradition back.D.AWebsiteLinksPeoplethroughBooks.2.why does the author mention book group in the first paragraph？A.To explain what they are.B.To introduce BookCrossing.C.To stress the importance of reading.D.To encourage readers to share their idea.2020成都二诊C篇Africanpenguinsbeartheunfortunat

42、e nickname“jackasspenguin”Becausetheycommunicatethroughhonking，donkey likesound.Laughingatthemifyoulike,butnewstudiessuggestthatthejacketslanguagesactuallyfollowthesamebasicrulesasours.31. WhatconclusionhasThenewstudymade?A.Manylanguagesfollowthesamelinguisticrules.B.Howjackasspenguinscommunicatewit

43、heachother.C.Jackasspenguinsobeylinguisticrulessimilartothoseofhumans.D.ZipfslawandMenzerath-Altmann lawarecommonlyappliedrules.NostatisticsshowthenumberofgrandparentslikeGarzawhoaremovingclosertoadultchildrenandgrandchildren.Yet thereisevidencesuggestingthatthetrendisgrowingEvenPresidentObamasmothe

44、r-in-law,MarianRobinson,hasagreedtoleaveChicagoandmoveintotheWhiteHousetohelpcareforhergranddaughters.Accordingtoastudyby,83percentofthepeoplesaidMrs.RobinsonsdecisionwillinfluencethegrandparentsintheAmericanfamily.Two-thirdsbelievemorefamilieswillfollowtheexampleofObamasfamily.2.Whatwasthereactiono

45、fthepublictoMrs.Robinsonsdecision?A.17%expressedtheirsupportforit.B.Fewpeoplerespondedsympathetically.C.83%believedithad.abadinfluence.D.Themajoritythoughtitwasatrend.观点态度类题：态度只有三种，正面、反面和中立，没有漠不关心和模棱两可不确定。做题步骤1.建议态度看文尾；2.排同排废法同：归类以后态度相同；废：模棱两可漠不关心2017全国3卷CWhats the authors attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project？A.DoubtfulB.PositiveC.DisapprovingD.Uncaring2017全国2卷CWhats the governments attitude to the development of the flying car？A.DoubtfulB.FavorableC.AmbiguousD.disapproving2013全国1CWhats the authors attitude towards 58% of readers？A.FavorableB.UncaringC.DoubtfulD.fr