高考英语动词时态和语态讲解与专项练习题(DOC 9页).doc
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1、动词时态语态汉语的时态大多是通过副词来表达的,而英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。英语中常考的或较常用的有10种,而且重点测试完成时态。 要掌握英语的时态和语态,必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。1、一般现在时;主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点;表示经常或习惯性的动作,句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语; 表示客观规律和永恒真理;按照计划安排好了将要发生的动作(一般指时刻表)等。He usually goes to work at 7 oclock every morning.She
2、has a brother who lives in New York.The earth goes around the sun.Guangzhou is situated in the south of China.考点一:表示永恒的真理,即使出现在过去的语境中,仍用一般现在时。如:I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.考点二:在时间和条件状语从句中,代替一般将来时;常用的引导词有:时间:when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, t
3、he moment/the minute, the day; 条件:if, unless, provided.If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon.考点三:在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter 宾语从句, 从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。So long as he works hard, I dont mind when he finishes the experiment.只要他努力工作, 我不介意他什么时候做完试验。考点四:在the more the more
4、(越越) 句型中, 若主句是一般将来时, 从句用一般现在时。The harder you study, the better results you will get.2、现在进行时表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动:或表感情色彩,加强语气。与频率副词,如always,constantly,continually,again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩(赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等)。We are having English class.The house is being built these days.The little boy is always making trouble. 考点一
5、:在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。Look out when you are crossing the street. Dont wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning.考点二:表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作(这时多有表示将来的时间状语)。Marry is leaving on Friday.3、现在完成时表示动作发生在过去,完成在过去,但强调与现在情况仍有联系,其结果或影响仍存在。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语:(1)非延续动作:动作发生在过去,对现在有影响。(2)延续性动作:动作和状态的持续
6、。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语:考点一:for + 时间段;since + 时间点They have lived in Beijing for five years.They have lived in Beijing since 1995.考点二:常见的不确定的时间状语:lately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days, Has it stopped raining yet ? 考点三:在表示“最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来”时间状语中,谓语动词用现在完成时。in the past fe
7、w years/months/weeks/days;over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history 等考点四:表示“第几次做某事,”或在 “It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词 that” 后面跟现在完成时。This is my first time that I have visited China. This is the most intere
8、sting film I have ever seen.That is the only book that he has written.4一般过去时表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作,或过去习惯性动作,不强调对现在的影响,只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用,如:yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; when, 注意:考点一:used to + do,表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作。to为不定式,后接动词原形。be/become/get u
9、sed to + doing,表示习惯于He used to smoke a lot.He has got used to getting up early.考点二:在时间和条件状语从句中,代替过去将来时。He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise 5. 过去进行时表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work.What were you doing at nine last night?6. 过去完成时表
10、示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作,即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”,句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语,这种时态从来不孤立使用 ( before, after, by, up till ) There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000.By the end of last term we had finished the book.They finished earlier than we had expected.也可表示截止过去的某个时间动作的完成,一般有by+表示过去的时间We had finished the project by
11、the end of last month.考点一:用于hardly/scarcely.when; no sooner .than 句型中,主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me.I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow.No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang. (注意主谓倒装)考点二:表示“第几次做某事”,主句用过去时,从句用过去完成时。That was t
12、he second time that she had seen her grandfather.It was 3 years since we had parted。考点三:动词hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan 用过去完成时,表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。I had hoped that I could do the job.I had intended to see you but I was too busy.7. 一般将来时表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in
13、2008等表示将来的时间状语连用,其表现形式多达5种。Beijing will host the 29th Olympic Games in 2008.考点一:一般将来时总是用在一些时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主句中:We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes.(主句用一般将来时,从句中一定要用一般现在时替代一般将来时。)考点二:某些表示短暂性动作的动词如arrive, come, go, leave, start等,用现在进行时形式表示将来。I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.考点三:“祈使句 +
14、and/or + 句子”,这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。Use your head and you will find a way.考点四:“am (is, are) going to + 动词原形”,表示打算要做的事或可能要发生的事。“am (is, are) about to + 动词原形”表示按照预定计划或打算准备着手进行的动作。“am (is, are) to + 动词原形”表示必须、必然或计划将要做的事。They are to be married in this May.8、将来进行时表将来某个时间正在发生的动作,或按计划一定会发生的事情。Ill be doing m
15、y homework this time tomorrow. 明天这会我正在写作业。The President will be meeting the foreign delegation at the airport.9、将来完成时表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情,时间状语非常明显。考点一:常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如:by the end of this year, by 8 oclock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time, before或when等引导的副词从句。By the end of next month, h
16、e will have traveled 1000 miles on foot.考点二:在时间和条件状语从句中,将来完成时则由现在完成时表示。The children will do their homework the moment they have arrived back from school.10.现在完成进行时态一个动作始于过去并持续到现在,并强调现在还在进行,也有可能还会持续下去。She has been reading the novel since 9 am. (She has read the novel before.)10. 动词的语态动词的语态一般不单独考,而是和时
17、态、语气和非谓语动词一起考,只是需要注意以下考点。考点一:不能用于被动语态的动词和词组come true, consist of, take place, happen, become, rise, occur, belong, break out, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, exist, fail, succeedIt took place before liberation. 考点二:下列动词的主动语态表示被动意义, 而且常与well, quite, easily, badly等副词连用。lock ( 锁 ) ; wash ( 洗 ); sell (
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