最新上海中考英语句型转换讲解与练习(DOC 30页).docx

1、学习-好资料上海中考英语句型转换讲解与练习【考点讲解】一、肯定句改为否定句在做此类题时，通常在系动词、助动词和情态动词后加not(nt)。如果句中没有这些词，则根据谓语动词的原形、第三人称单数动词形式或过去式而分别在其前面加donot(dont),doesnot(doesnt)或didnot(didnt),并将第三人称单数动词形式或过去式改为原形。如：Wecanfinishtheworkthisafternoon.Wecantfinishtheworkthisafternoon.Theyputthebasketunderthetreejustnow.Theydidntputthebasketu

2、nderthetreejustnow.注意：1.当think,believe,suppose等动词后面跟宾语从句时，通常用否定主句谓语动词来达到否定从句谓语动词的目的。如：Ithinktheycancometonight.Idontthinktheycancometonight. 2.当must表示推测，表示“一定；肯定”的含义时，否定句应用cant。如：Hemustbeintheroom.Hecantbeintheroom.二、陈述句改为疑问句陈述句改为疑问句一般有三种情况：一是改为一般疑问句，二是改为反意疑问句。如:1.Thestudentshadlearnedabout1,000Engl

3、ishwordsbytheendoflastterm.（改为一般疑问句）Hadthestudentslearnedabout1,000Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm?2.ThetwinshaveneverbeentotheSummerPalace,havethey?（完成反意疑问句）三、对划线部分提问对划线部分提问，就是用一个合适的疑问词去替代句中的某一成分，使之成为一个特殊疑问句。当对主语或主语的定语提问时，用陈述句语序。对定语提问时，所修饰的名词应放在疑问词后。对其他成分提问，用“疑问词+一般疑问句语序”。如：1. Tomwillbebackintendays

4、.（对划线部分提问）Whowillbebackintendays?2.Hewritestohisfatheronceamonth.（对划线部分提问）Howoftendoeshewritetohisfather?四、同义句改写1根据句意改写主要考查学生对句意的理解和用一个词或一种结构来概括上句的意思的综合能力。如：1.LiHuaandZhangMingarethesameage.LiHuais_ZhangMing.【答案】asold/youngas。第一句的意思是“李华和张明同岁”，第二句是说“李华和张明年纪一样大”。2.HowmanypeopleliveinFrance?_thepopulat

5、ionofFrance?【答案】Whatis。第一句的意思是“法国有多少人?”第二句的意思是“法国的人口有多少?”3.Therunnerfellbehindtheothersthoughhedidwhathecould. Therunner_tokeepupwiththeothersthoughhe_his_.【答案】failed;tried;best。第一句意思是：虽然这名赛跑选手尽了全力，但还是落在了别人的后面。第二句的意思是：虽然这名赛跑选手尽了全力，但还是跟不上别人。4.Beforetalking,hetoldmehisnameandItoldhimmyname.We_beforeta

6、lking.【答案】toldeachothersnames。第一句意思是：谈话前，他告诉了我他的名字，我也告诉他我的名字。第二句的意思是：谈话前，我们相互告知了对方的名字。5.ShehasbeenawayfromShanghaiforoveroneyear.Morethanoneyearhas_sinceshe_Shanghai.【答案】passed;left。第一句的意思是：她离开上海已经一年多了。第二句的意思是：自从她离开上海，一年多已经过去了。6.Walkalongthestreet,thentakethethirdcrossingontheright.Walkdownthestreet

7、,then_atthethirdcrossing.【答案】turnright。两句都是告知他人去某地的路线的常用语，其句意都是：沿着这条街走，然后在第三个拐弯处右转。2利用从句改写即运用关系代词、关系副词或从属连词改写。如：1.Themanistalkingwithalady.Hegaveusatalklastweek.Theman_gaveusatalklastweek_withalady.【答案】who/that;istalking。定语从句who/thatgaveusatalklastweek修饰先行词theman。2.Hedidntwanttomissthefirstbus,soheg

8、otupearly.Hegotupearly_hecouldcatchthefirstbus.【答案】sothat。目的状语从句sothathecouldcatchthefirstbus说明动词gotupearly的目的。3.“Didyousleepwelllastnight?”Davidaskedher.Davidaskedher_welllastnight.【答案】if/whethersheslept。直接引语转换成间接引语时，如果直接引语是一般疑问句时，连接词要用if或whether，句子保持陈述句的语序。4.Comeon,orwellmisstheearlybus._we_hurry,

9、wellmisstheearlybus.【答案】If;dont。if引导条件状语从句。句意为：如果我们还不快一点，我们就赶不上头班车了。祈使句与条件状语从句的相互转换5.Johnwillgotobedafterhefinishedhishomework.John_tobed_hefinishedhishomework.【答案】didnt;until。notuntil表示“直到才”的意思。3利用sodoI改写“so动词主语”结构，表示肯定，译为“某人(物)也如此”。“neithernor动词主语”结构表示否定，译为“某人(物)也不”。这两种结构指前一句所说的情况同样也适合另一个人或物。转换时应注

10、意四点：1.）动词指助动词、be动词或情态动词；2.）动词在时态上与前句呼应；3.）动词在数上要与本句主语保持一致；4.）表示否定时，neithernor本身具有否定意义，动词要用肯定形式。1.Jimwantstogoboatingandhisparentswanttogoboating,too.Jimwantstogoboating,and_hisparents.【答案】sodo。主语是复数hisparents,时态是一般现在时，助动词do。2. Ilikeplayingtennis.Helikesplayingtennis,too.Ilikeplayingtennis,_he.【答案】so

11、does。主语是第三人称单数，时态是一般现在时，助动词用does。4利用连词改写运用关联连词(组)both.and,neither.nor,either.or,notonly.butalso,aswellas等，可将并列句或两个句子合并为一个简单句，注意neither.nor,either.or,notonly.butalso作主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则。1.LucycantsingtheEnglishsongYesterdayOnceMore.AndLilycantsingit,either._Lucy_LilycansingtheEnglishsongYesterdayOnceMore.

12、【答案】Neither;nor。neither.nor表示“(两者)都不”。2.Myfatherisntahistoryteacher.Mymotherisntahistoryteacher,either._myfather_mymother_ahistoryteacher.【答案】Neither;nor;is。neithernor作句子的主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，与最邻近的那个名词或代词保持数的一致。3. Alicehasseenthefilmtwice.Sandyhasseenittwice,too._Alice_Sandyhaveseenthefilmtwice.【答案】Both

13、;and。bothand表示“(两者)都”。4.Thisstoresellsmensshoes,anditalsosellsmensclothes.Thisstoresells_mensshoes_mensclothes.【答案】notonly;butalso。notonly.butalso示“不仅而且”之意。5利用介词短语改写1.Wehavefriendsinthewholeworld.Ourfriendsare_theworld.【答案】allover。固定词组allover表示“遍及”之意。2.Itsalongtimesincewemetlast.Wehaventseeneachothe

14、r_.【答案】forlong。forlong意为“很长一段时间”。3.Hewalkstoschooleveryday.Hegoestoschool_everyday.【答案】onfoot。固定词组onfoot意为“步行”。4. Tomhadnotimeforbreakfast.Hewenttoschoolinahurry.Tom_toschool_breakfast.【答案】went;without。介词without有“没有，不(带)”之意。5.ImetoneofmyfriendswhenIwasgoingtothemuseum._tothemuseumImetanoldfriendofmi

15、ne.【答案】Onmyway。介词短语ononeswayto表示“在某人去的路上意思。6利用不定式改写1.TheforeignerswanttoknowhowtheycanlearnChineseKongfuwell. Theforeignerswanttoknow_learnChineseKongfuwell.【答案】howto。不定式与特殊疑问词what,when,where,how,which,whether连用构成不定式复合结构，在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等。2.Shewassoweakthatshecouldnttakecareofherbaby.Shewas_weak_t

16、akecareofherbaby.【答案】too;to。原句意思是：她身体太弱，不能照顾孩子。tooto句型表示“太以致于(不能)”之意。3.Sheseemstobeworriednow._thatshe_worriednow.【答案】Itseems;is。固定句型Itseems/seemedthatsb可替换成sbseems/seemedto，表示“某人看起来”。5. Hewassohappythathecouldntsayawordwhenhewastoldthenews.Hewas_happy_sayawordwhenhewastoldthenews.【答案】too;to。tooto表示

17、“太而不能”之意。5.Theiceonthelakewassothinthatpeoplecouldntskateonit.Theiceonthelakewasnot_enough_people_it.【答案】thick;for;toskateon。形容词或副词+enough+todosth,意为“足够以致于能够”，用来替换“sothat+结果状语从句”。6.InChinawebuildtheGreatGreenWallsothatthewindwontblowtheearthaway.InChinawebuildtheGreatGreenWall_theearthaway.【答案】tosto

18、pthewindfromblowing。不定式作目的状语。7利用时态改写中考同义句改写中涉及的时态间的相互转换主要是针对一般过去时与现在完成时两种时态间的转换而言的，应特别注意非延续性动词的用法。如：1.Thefilmbegan20minutesago.Thefilmhasbeen_20minutes.【答案】onfor。短暂动词begin，在此意为“(电影)开始(放映、上演)”，不能与延续时间状语连用，与延续性时间状语连用时，将begin改成beup。hasbeen提示时态是现在完成时态，“for+时间段”表示“持续(一段时间)”，常用在含有现在完成时态的句子里。摘自中考英语网2.Samsg

19、randfatherdied10yearsago.Samsgrandfatherhasbeen_10years.【答案】deadfor。短暂动词die，意为“死亡”，不能与延续性时间状语连用，与延续性时间状语连用时，将短暂动词die改为bedead。3.MygrandpajoinedthePartythirtyyearsago.Mygrandpa_thePartyforthirtyyears.【答案】hasbeenin。短暂动词join，意为“加入(组织，政党)”，不能与延续性时间状语连用，与延续性时间状语连用时，将join改成bein或beamemberin。”4.Igotuphalfanh

20、ourago.I_upforhalfanhour.【答案】havebeen。短暂动词getup，意为“起床”，不能与延续时间状语连用，与延续性时间状语连用时，将getup改成beup。5.Threeyearshaspassedsincethestudentscametothisschool.Thestudentshave_thisschoolforthreeyears.【答案】beenin。与原句意思一致，“学生在这所学校里已3年了”。8利用语态改写通过改变主语，主动语态与被动语态之间可进行同义句转换，特别要注意时态、情态动词的用法。如：1.Peoplegrowriceinthesouthof

21、China.Rice_inthesouthofChina.【答案】isgrown。rice作主语，助动词用一般现在时的单数形式is。2.Everyoneshouldgivebackhislibrarybooksontime.Librarybooksshould_ontime.【答案】begivenback。被动句中含有情态动词should，因此助动词用be。3.Itiswidelyacceptedthatmorepeopleusecomputersintheworldtoday.Computers_widely_intheworldtoday.【答案】are;used。computers是复数

22、名词作主语，助动词用are，且句子用被动。4.Wemustkeepthenoiselevelunder50dbs(分贝).Thenoiselevelmust_under50dbs.【答案】bekept。被动句中含情态动词must，因此助动词用be。5.Dotheygrowriceinautumn?_rice_inautumn?【答案】Is;grown。不可数名词rice作主语,助动词用单数is，一般疑问句的助动词置于句首。6.Wecallmathsthelanguageofscience.Maths_thelanguageofscience.【答案】iscalled。主语maths虽然是以s结

23、尾，但并不是名词的复数，因此助动词仍用单数is。9利用反义词改写用反义词或词组加上否定词表达与原句相同的意思，主要考查学生对反义词、词组的积累和换位思维的能力。如：1.Theboylentastory-booktoTomjustnow.Tom_astory-book_theboyjustnow.【答案】borrowed;from。borrowfrom意为“从借来”；而lendto意为“向借出”，两个词组正好为一组反义词组，当句子的主语变化时，两个词组可以进行互换。2.Thefactoryisnotfarfromhere.Itonlytakesyoutenminutesbybike.Thefac

24、toryis_here.Itsonlytenminutes_.【答案】near;bike-ride。notfar的意思是“不远，近”，可用形容词near与之转换。3.IthinkmusicislessinterestingthanP.E.I_thinkmusicis_interestingthanP.E.【答案】dont;more。lessinteresting的意思是“没有/不及有趣”，与之相反moreinteresting的意思是“(比)更有趣”。语言现象“否定的转移”要求将think后面宾语从句中的否定形式转移到think上。4.Thebikeunderthetreeisdifferen

25、tfromthisone.Thebikeunderthetreeisntthe_thisone.【答案】sameas。thesameas意为“与相同”，而反义词组bedifferentfrom意为“与不同”。10利用同义词改写用同义词或同义词组对原句中的某些词或词组进行替换，注意替换后的词或词组的词形变化要与句子其他成分相适应。如：1.Theycouldseeicebergshereandthere.Theycouldseeicebergs_.【答案】everywhere。everywhere与hereandthere都有“到处”之意。2.MrsGreenalwaystakesgoodcare

26、ofthechildrenintheschool.MrsGreenalways_thechildrenwellintheschool.【答案】looksafter。takegoodcareof与lookafterwell都有“好好照顾”之意。3.LinTaoisgoodatphysics.LinTao_inphysics.【答案】doeswell。begoodat与dowellin都有“在(方面)做得好，擅长于”之意。4.IlikeBackstreetBoys.ButhelikesF4better.He_F4_BackstreetBoys.【答案】prefers,to。词组preferAtoB

27、意为“选择A(而不选择B)；比起B来，更喜欢A”。5.Motherisill.Sendforadoctorrightaway.Motherisill.Sendforadoctor_.【答案】atonce。rightaway与atonce都有“马上”之意。6.Theyenjoyedthemselvesatthegardenparty.They_atthegardenparty.【答案】hadagoodtime。enjoyoneself同haveagoodtime都有“玩得很高兴，愉快”之意。【配套练习】1.Howcanwestophimfromsmoking?Howcanwe_him_smoki

28、ng?2.Iwanttoknowwhoisgoingtotakechargeofthisproject.Iwanderwhoisgoingtobe_thisproject.3.Theoldladywassurprisedatthegreatchangesinourcity.Theoldladywas_thegreatchangesinourcity.4.Mr.Wangtookustovisitthenewschool.Mr.Wang_us_thenewschool.6. WangHailikesplayingfootball.Ilikeplayingfootball,too._WangHai_

29、 I _playingfootball.WangHailikesplayingfootball._ _I._WangHai_I_playingfootball6.Mr.GraydidntgotoBeijingyesterday.Hiswifedidntgothere,either._Mr.Gray_hiswife_toBeijingyesterday.Mr.GraydidntgotoBeijingyesterday._hiswife.7.JackmanagedtoswimacrosstheriverlastFriday.Jack_in_acrosstheriverlastFriday.8.Wr

30、itingtheworld-famousworkscosthiswholelife.He_hiswholelife_theworld-famousworks.9.WearepleasedthatTomtoldusthetruth.Wearepleased_Toms_.10.ItwilltakeLeeHuahalfanhourtogettheanswertothemathsproblem.ItwilltakeLeeHuahalfanhourto_themathsproblem.11.Idontknowwhenwewillstart.I_whenwewillstart.12.Ididntcatch

31、thefirstbusthismorning.I_catchthefirstbusthismorning.I_catchthefirstbusthismorning.13.Thisclassroomisaslargeasours.Thisclassroomis_ours.14.Wedidntneedchemistryteacherslastterm.Wewere_ofchemistryteacherslastterm.15.Marysbrotherhasstoppedsmoking.Marysbrotherhas_smoking.16.Wehaventdecidedwheretohavethe

32、meeting.Wehaventdecided_the_tohavethemeeting.17.Theorangesaresoexpensivethatneitherofuscanbuyany.Theorangesaretooexpensive_ofustobuy.18.IwillsaysorrytoMr.Leeforbeinglate.Iwill_Mr.Leeforbeinglate.19.Sinceeveryoneishere,letsbeginourclass._everyoneishere,letsbeginourclass.20.ChengYinghasanicewatch.Chen

33、gYingisthe_thenicewatch.ChengYinghasanicewatch_.Thenicewatch_ChengYing.21.Everybodyinourclassdidhisbesttohelpherasshewasverypoorinherstudies.Everybodyinourclassdid_tohelpher_herstudies.22.Wearegiventhefreedomtowearanythingwewanttoschool.Weare_towear_wewanttoschool.23.Peterdidnthavesupperandhurriedto

34、thenightschoolbybiketonight.Peter_tothenightschool_havingsuppertonight.24.Thestoryhappenedinasmallvillage.Thestory_inasmallvillage.25.Ifshedoesntspendmoretimeonstudying,shewillneverhavegoodgrades._she_moretimeonstudying,shewillneverhavegoodgrades.26.TomlikeswatchingTVbetterthanlisteningtotheradio.To

35、m_watchingTV_listeningtotheradio.27.Hespentthreehundredyuanbuyingthenewbike.Thenewbike_threehundredyuan.He_threehundredyuan_thenewbike.28.GuangzhouliesinthesouthofChina.Guangzhou_inthesouthofChina.29.Smokingisbadforyourhealth.Smokingis_yourhealth.30.Hewenttobedafterhehadfinishedhishomework.He_gotobed_hehadfinis