通用版中考语法：-并列连词(讲义+习题+解析)(DOC 27页).doc

1、并列连词并列连词知识精讲一、连词是一种虚词，它不能独立担任句子成分只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。二、连词分为并列连词和从属连词。1. 并列连词：是指连接对等的词、短语和句子，而不是连接主句与从句的连词。2. 从属连词：指连接主句与从句的连词。三、并列连词分为四类：并列关系并列连词或词组1表并列关系and, bothand (两者都), neithernor (两者都不), not onlybut (also) (不但而且)等。2表转折关系but (表强烈转折关系), however, while (然而，表前后对比关系) 等。3表因果关系so, for 等。4表选择关系or, e

2、itheror (或者或者), notbut (不是而是) 等。 1. 表并列关系的并列连词。例：My uncle lives and works in Shanghai. 我叔叔在上海居住和工作。Both New York and London have traffic problems. 纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。It is neither too cold nor too hot in spring. 春天既不太冷也不太热。My daughter can not only sing but also dance.我的女儿不仅能唱，还会跳。2. 表转折关系的并列连词。例：Mr. Black

3、 is very poor, but he feels happy. Black先生很穷，但他感到很快乐。One lost a leg, another lost an arm, while a third was killed outright (马上、干脆). 一个人折了一条腿，一个人丢了一条胳膊，然而另外一个人当场死了。3. 表因果关系的并列连词。例：Thank you for helping me with my English. 谢谢你帮我学习英语。Lily got up late this morning, so she was late for school.莉莉今天早上起床起晚

4、了，所以她上学迟到了。4. 表选择关系的并列连词。例：Are you a teacher or a student? 你是老师还是学生呢？You can come to see me either on Sunday or on Saturday. 你可以周日，或者周六来看我。Not you but Li Ming has passed the driving test.不是你而是李明已通过驾驶测试。三点剖析一、考点：英语中连词较多，用法复杂，在中考时，必须掌握并列连词的基本用法，熟悉每个连词的语意和语用特征，尤其像or 这样用法灵活的词。做题时，一定要考虑句子逻辑意义的通顺，另一方面要考虑句

5、子结构的完整，同时要注意连词在句子中的位置。二、易错点：eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut (also) 连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词采用就近一致原则。和or 的三层含义的对比使用，一定要理解并熟记。三、补充点：or 有三层含义。1. 表“或者”（用于选择句）；例：You can take some food or some money.你可以带些吃的或带些钱。2. 表“和”（用于否定句中表并列）。例：I dont like bread, ice or porridge. 我不喜欢面包，米饭和粥。3. 表“否则”（表相反的结果）；例：Hurry up, or

6、 youll be late. 快点，否则你就要迟到了。题模精选题模一：表并列关系的连词例1.1.1 I like eating fish _ chicken.A butB orC andD so例1.1.2 He is only ten months old. He can _ read_ write.A either; orB neither; norC both; andD not; but例1.1.3 用恰当的并列连词填空。_I_TomandMaryarefondofwatchingtelevision.不但我，而且汤姆和玛丽都很喜欢看电视。题模二：表转折关系的连词例1.2.1 We

7、bought a present for Granny, _ she didnt like it.A butB andC orD so例1.2.2 Mother is cooking in the kitchen, _ Father is watching TV in the sitting room.A orB howeverC butD while题模三：表因果关系的连词例1.3.1 My shoes are worn out, _ I need new ones.A orB butC soD and例1.3.2 The day is short, _ it is now December

8、.A soB forC andD but题模四：表选择关系的连词例1.4.1 - Which would you like better, tea_ milk ?- Tea, please.A orB andC butD so例1.4.2 She said she might come _ Saturday_ Sunday .A neither; norB either; orC not; butD both; and例1.4.3 Run quickly, _ we will miss the early train.A andB butC soD or随堂练习随练1.1 _Tom _ Pet

9、er are found of watching TV.A Not only; but alsoB Both; andC Either; orD Neither; nor随练1.2 The nurse was _ beautiful _ kind.A both; andB neither; norC not only; but alsoD either; or随练1.3 Confucius (孔子) once said, “ Everything has its beauty, _ not everyone sees it.”A butB orC andD so随练1.4 Some peopl

10、e waste food _ others havent enough.A soB andC orD while随练1.5 - Where are going to stay when you get to Shanghai?- I may live_ in a hotel _ in a friends house.A both; andB either; orC neither; norD not only; but also随练1.6 We might be out _ please call me up before you come.A andB butC orD so随练1.7 It

11、 was raining heavily, _ we decided to stay at home and watch TV.A butB orC andD so自我总结作业1 _ Gian _Tara are studying Chinese history now. They find it rich and amazing.A Both; andB Not only; but alsoC Either; orD Neither; nor作业2 - How was the food in the town?- Terrible, _ we still had a good time th

12、ere.A orB soC andD but作业3 The water here is polluted _ even the animals cant drink it.A orB soC andD but作业4 At school, some students are active _ some are shy, yet they can be good friends with one another.A whileB soC butD and作业5 I only have one ticket left. _ you _ your brother can go.A Neither; n

13、orB Both; andC Either; orD Not only; but also作业6 - Tell us something about Canada, ok?- Im sorry. _ Jack _ I have ever been there.A Both; andB Either; orC Neither; norD Not only; but also答案解析并列连词题模精选题模一：表并列关系的连词例1.1.1【答案】C【解析】 考查并列关系的并列连词。but表转折关系，or表选择关系，and表并列关系，so表因果关系。再由句意“我喜欢吃鱼肉和鸡肉。”可知，故选C。例1.1

14、.2【答案】B【解析】 考查并列关系的并列连词。eitheror或者或者，neithernor两者都不，bothand两者都，notbut不是而是。再由句意“他只有十个月大，他既不能读也不能写。”可知，故选B。例1.1.3【答案】 Not onlybut (also)【解析】 考查并列关系的并列连词。not onlybut (also)不但而且。故填Not onlybut (also)。题模二：表转折关系的连词例1.2.1【答案】A【解析】 考查转折关系的并列连词。but表转折关系，or表选择关系，and表并列关系，so表因果关系。再由句意“我给奶奶买了一个礼物，但是她不太喜欢。”可知，故选A

15、。例1.2.2【答案】D【解析】 考查转折关系的并列连词。or表选择关系，however表转折关系（一般放在两句之间，前后用逗号隔开独立成句，表示意思的转折），but表转折关系（强调前后意思转折），while表转折关系（前后情况是对比的关系）。再由句意“妈妈正在厨房做饭，而爸爸正在客厅看电视。”可知前后情况是对比的关系，故选D。题模三：表因果关系的连词例1.3.1【答案】C【解析】 考查因果关系的并列连词。but表转折关系，or表选择关系，and表并列关系，so表因果关系。再由句意“我的鞋子穿破了，因此我需要一双新鞋子。”可知，故选C。例1.3.2【答案】B【解析】 考查因果关系的并列连词。b

16、ut表转折关系，for表因果关系，and表并列关系，so表因果关系。再由句意“白天很短，因为现在是12月份了。”可知，故选B。题模四：表选择关系的连词例1.4.1【答案】A【解析】 考查选择关系的并列连词。but表转折关系，or表选择关系，and表并列关系，so表因果关系。再由句意“您更喜欢喝点什么，茶还是牛奶？”可知，故选A。例1.4.2【答案】B【解析】 考查选择关系的并列连词。bothand两者都，eitheror或者或者，neithernor两者都不，not but不是而是，再由句意“她说她可能周六或者周日过来。”可知，故选B。例1.4.3【答案】D【解析】 考查并列连词。but表转折

17、关系，or表相反的结果，and表并列关系，so表因果关系。再由句意“快点跑，否则我们会错过早班火车。”可知，故选D。随堂练习随练1.1【答案】B【解析】 考查并列关系的并列连词。bothand两者都，eitheror或者或者，neithernor两者都不，not onlybut also不但而且，再由句意“汤姆和皮特都喜欢看电视。”可知，故选B。随练1.2【答案】C【解析】 考查并列关系的并列连词。bothand两者都，neithernor两者都不，not onlybut also不但而且，再由句意“那个护士不但漂亮而且亲切。”可知，故选C。随练1.3【答案】A【解析】 考查转折关系的并列连词

18、。but表转折关系，or表选择关系，and表并列关系，so表因果关系。再由句意“孔子曾说过：万物皆有动人之处，然非众人皆能洞悉”。可知，故选A。随练1.4【答案】D【解析】 考查转折关系的并列连词。or表选择关系；and表并列关系；so表因果关系，while然而，表前后情况是对比关系。由句意“有些人浪费大量的食物，而有些人没有足够的吃的。”可知，故选D。随练1.5【答案】B【解析】 考查选择关系的并列连词。bothand两者都，neithernor两者都不，eitheror或者或者，not onlybut also不但而且，再由句意“当你到达上海时计划住在什么地方？我可能住在宾馆或可能住在朋友

19、家。”可知，故选B。随练1.6【答案】D【解析】 考查选择关系的并列连词。but 表转折关系，or表选择关系，and表并列关系，so表因果关系。再由句意“我们可能外出，因此在你来之前请先给我打电话。”可知，故选D。随练1.7【答案】D【解析】 考查因果关系的并列连词。but 表转折关系，or表选择关系，and表并列关系，so表因果关系。由句意“雨下得很大，因此我决定待在家里看电视。”可知，故选D。作业1【答案】A【解析】 考查并列关系的并列连词。bothand两者都，not onlybut also不但而且，eitheror 或者或者，neithernor两者都不。再由句意“吉娜和塔拉现在都在

20、学习中国历史和文化。她们发现中国历史很丰富多彩，令人惊讶。”可知，故选A。作业2【答案】D【解析】 考查转折关系的并列连词。but表转折关系，or表选择关系，and表并列关系，so表因果关系。再由句意“这个城镇的食物怎么样？很糟糕的，但是我们在那里依然玩的很开心。”可知，故选D。作业3【答案】B【解析】 考查因果关系的并列连词。but表转折关系，and表并列关系，so表因果关系，or表选择关系。再由句意“这里的水被污染的很严重，因此即使动物都不能喝。”可知，故选B。作业4【答案】A【解析】 考查转折关系的并列连词。but表转折关系；and表并列关系；so表因果关系；while 然而，表前后情况

21、是对比关系。再由句意“在学校，一些学生很活跃一些却很害羞，但是他们都够彼此成为好朋友。”可知，故选A。作业5【答案】C【解析】 考查选择关系的并列连词。bothand两者都，not onlybut also不但而且，eitheror或者或者，neithernor两者都不。再由句意“我仅剩一张票，要么你去要么你的兄弟去。”可知，故选C。作业6【答案】C【解析】 考查并列关系的并列连词。bothand两者都，not onlybut also不但而且，eitheror 或者或者，neithernor两者都不。再由句意“我很抱歉，杰克和我都不曾去过那里。”可知，故选C。被动语态被动语态知识精讲一、被动

22、语态语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语动词之间的具体关系，分为主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般来说，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用“被、受、给”等被动词来表示被动意义 。其结构是由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词done”构成的。be本身无词义，但有时态、人称和数的变化，其变化与时态中的变化一致。各种时态的被动语态结构表（以动词do为例）：时态被动语态例句一般现在时am/is/are+ doneThe classroom is cleaned by u

23、s.教室被我们打扫。一般过去时was/were+ doneThe kite was made by him yesterday.昨天，风筝被他制作。现在进行时am/is/are+ being+ doneFlowers are being watered by her.花儿现在正在被她浇。现在完成时have/has +been+ doneThe work has been finished by Jim.工作已经被做完。一般将来时will/shall/be going to + be doneTrees will be planted by them tomorrow.明天，树将被他们种。过去进

24、行时was/were + being+ doneA letter was being written by her at this time yesterday.昨天的这个时候一封信正在被写。过去完成时had+ been +doneThe work had been finished by Jim.工作早已经被他完成了。含有情态动词can/may/must +be +doneHe can be found by me.他不能被发现。二、被动语态的用法1. 不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。例：The bridge was built last year. 这座桥是去年建造的。He was

25、 elected chairman. 他被选为主席。 2. 当更加强调动作的承受者时。此时动作的执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后，不需要时可以省略。例：The room hasnt been cleaned yet. 房间还没有打扫。The tiger was killed by him. 老虎被他杀死了。 3. 当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。例：The window was blown by wind. 窗户被风吹开了。The whole village has been washed away by the flood. 整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。三点剖析一、考点：被动语态的句子结构

26、和用法。二、重难点：谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义：1. 英语中有很多动词如break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物。 例：This kind of cloth washes well. 这种布料很好洗。 2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come true, run out, give out, turn out 等，以主动形式表示被动

27、意义。 例：How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？ 3. 系动词没有被动形式，但感官系动词feel, sound, taste, look, smell在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。 例：Your reason sounds reasonable. 你的理由听起来很合理。三、易错点： 1. 在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加上介词to。 例：The great news made her f

28、eel happy. 可改为 She was made to feel happy by the great news.Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.2. 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词介词”，“动词副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。例：The meeting is to be put off till Friday. 这场会议将会推迟到周五。 3. “动词+宾语+宾补

29、 ”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。例：Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 4. 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。 例：His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 题

30、模精选题模一：主动语态变为被动语态例1.1.1 主动语态变为被动语态：I have bought a ten-speed bicycle._例1.1.2 主动语态变为被动语态：The old man is watering flowers in the garden._例1.1.3 主动语态变为被动语态：The boy always plays the computer games at night._题模二：基本用法例1.2.1 The boy _ to get supper ready after school.A were toldB is tellingC was toldD tell

31、s例1.2.2 This dictionary mustnt_ from the library.A take awayB taken awayC are taken awayD be taken away随堂练习随练1.1 将下列句子变成被动语态。1. They threw away the old book yesterday_2. He had written a letter to his mother._3. People have seen the bear in this village._4. The workers are repairing the bridge._5. Y

32、ou shouldnt bring dictionary to the English exam._随练1.2 This kind of books sells well. They_ already.A sold outB have sold outC are sold outD have been sold out随练1.3 -Your coat looks nice. Is it _ wool?-Yes. It is_ Australia.A made of, make byB made of, made inC made for, made inD made from, made by

33、随练1.4 The pizza _ by my mother. Would you like to have some?A makesB was makingC madeD was made随练1.5 The classroom must _ every day.A be kept cleanB be kept cleaningC keep cleanedD keeps clean随练1.6 Atalk on Chinese history_ in the school hall next week.A is givenB has been givenC will be givenD give

34、s随练1.7 Our house_ now.A is paintB is being paintedC is got paintedD has got to paint自我总结作业1 将下列句子变成被动语态。1. Have you posted the letters yet?_2. I must do all the exercise in time._3. We are discussing the project at the meeting._4. Every year our office holds a flower show in the park in April._5. He

35、 had finished the work by the end of last term._作业2 Mary_ show me her new dictionary yesterday.A was asked toB has asked toC is askedD asks to作业3 ThePeoplesRepublicofChina_onOctober1,1949.A foundB wasfoundedC isfoundedD wasfound作业4 ThisEnglishsong _bythegirlsafterclass.A oftensingsB oftensangC isoft

36、ensangD isoftensung作业5 Waste papershouldnt _here.A throwB bethrownC tobethrownD tothrow作业6 Anewhouse_atthecorneroftheroad now.A isbeingbuiltB isbuildingC beenbuiltD bebuild作业7 Hisnewbook_nextmonth.A isbeingpublishedB ispublishingC willbepublishedD hasbeenpublished答案解析被动语态题模精选题模一：主动语态变为被动语态例1.1.1【答案】

37、 Aten-speed bicycle has been bought by me.【解析】 考查被动语态。现在完成时被动语态的结构是has/have been done。例1.1.2【答案】 The flowers are being watered in the garden by the old man.【解析】 考查被动语态。现在进行时被动语态的结构是is/are/am+ being done。例1.1.3【答案】 The computer games are played by the boy at night.【解析】 考查被动语态。一般现在时被动语态的结构是am/is/are +

38、 done。题模二：基本用法例1.2.1【答案】C【解析】 考查被动语态。再由句意可知是男孩被告知去做某事，was +done。故选C。例1.2.2【答案】D【解析】 考查被动语态。再由句意可知是字典禁止从图书馆被带走。含有情态动词的被动语态mustnt +be+ done。故选D。随堂练习随练1.1【答案】 1. The old book was thrown by them yesterday.2. Aletter had been written to his father by him.3. The bear has been seen by the people on this vi

39、llage.4. The bridge is being repaired by the workers.5. The dictionary shouldnt be brought to the English exam.【解析】 1. 考查被动语态。一般过去时的被动语态was/were+ done。2. 考查被动语态。过去完成时的被动语态had been+ done。3. 考查被动语态。现在完成时的被动语态has/have been+ done。4. 考查被动语态。现在进时的被动语态is/am/are +being +done。5. 考查被动语态。含有情态动词的被动语态shouldnt+ b

40、e done。随练1.2【答案】D【解析】 考查被动语态。already是现在完成时的时间状语，并且books与sell out是被动关系。再由句意“这种书卖的很好。他们已经被卖光了。”可知，故选D。随练1.3【答案】B【解析】 考查被动语态。be made of 由制成，be made in在国家被做。再由句意“你的外套看起来很漂亮，它是由毛制成的吗？是的，它被产于澳大利亚。”可知，故选B。随练1.4【答案】D【解析】 考查被动语态。pizza与make是被动关系。再由句意“披萨被妈妈做（过去的时间），您想要吃一些吗？可知，故选D。随练1.5【答案】A【解析】 考查被动语态。含有情态动词的被动语态must be done。再由句意“教室每天必须保持清洁。”可知，故选A。随练1.6【答案】C【解析】 考查被动语态。next week 是一般将来时的时间状语。Chinese history与give是被动关系。故选C。随练1.7【答案】B【解析】 考查被动语态。now是现在进行时的时间状语。house与paint是被动关系。故选B。作业1【答案】 1. Have the letter bee