福建省中考英语总复习课件题型五-阅读理解-.ppt

1、题型分析题型分析解题技巧解题技巧真题分析真题分析 题型分析题型分析阅读理解在中考英语试题中是重中之重,分值为45分。它是一种综合性很强的题型,重点考查考生的词汇量、语法运用、阅读速度、理解能力、逻辑思维能力及推理能力、归纳总结及判断能力,对各国文化背景的了解程度。中考的阅读理解题选材广泛,包括幽默故事、日常生活、人物传记、科普知识、社会文化、图表和新闻报道等。题型分析题型分析本大题包括A、B、C、D、E五篇难度适当的短文,其中A、B、C、D四篇要求考生阅读材料后,从每小题的4个选项中选出最佳答案。E篇是在一篇短文中留出五个空格,要求考生根据短文内容,从短文后所给的五个选项中选出能填入短文空白处

2、的最佳选项,使短文通顺、连贯,意思完整。A篇阅读是属于比较实用的表格、应用文、图表或配有图片的文章等,多为细节理解题。B、C、D篇阅读逐步加深难度、是考查学生综合能力的短文,考查方式多为细节理解题、词义猜测题、指代关系题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、计算理解题等。解题技巧解题技巧 一、一、细节性问题细节性问题 此类题型最常出现，一般先读题，带着问题去阅读，通常可以在原文原句中找到答案，此时最好把要点用笔画出来，以免粗心而出错。或者可以通读全文，在理解文章大意后便可找到答案。解题技巧解题技巧 二、二、推理判断题、主旨大意题和词义猜测题推理判断题、主旨大意题和词义猜测题 1.推理判断题 先找出信息源，

3、对照选项进行“三对一错或三错一对”的判断；忌片面思考，尤其是由某一句话而得出片面的结论。记住一个原则：过于绝对(all,only,always,never,certainly)都是不对的。计算题也是推理判断题中常见的形式，此类试题要经过具体的计算才能够得出正确的答案。文章中经常会出现许多数字，它们对解题产生一定的影响。解答此类试题的方法是先理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确答案。解题技巧解题技巧 2.主旨大意题 解这种题目时，不要以偏概全（如把文章出现的某一观点当做整篇文章的观点），或者概括性不够（把文章某一部分的中心句当作全文的主旨），或者概括过度（超出了文章的内容）。

4、解题技巧解题技巧 3.词义猜测题 解答这类题目时需要对有关的上下文，甚至整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解才能做出正确答案。有时，命题者为了使他意思表达得更清楚明白，通常用一个同义词、近义词或英文解释来说明此文章中一个比较难的词或关键词，因此其中就有可能为我们熟悉的单词或解释，用已知的知识，就不难推断出生词的词义来。有时，中考中用指代性的代词，如it，they，she，he以及其宾格形式来指代前面所出现的名词，因此涉及此类题目时，我们更要认真细心地找准前面的名词。解题技巧解题技巧三、还原型阅读理解题。1.在理解全文的基础上,把握段落与段落之间、句子与句子之间的行文关系和逻辑关系。2.联系上下文

5、,找出突破口,先还原位置较明显的句子,然后把其余的句子逐一回归原文。对于模棱两可的句子,可试着回归原文,反复诵读上下文,判断其位置是否恰当。3.将所有的句子都还原到短文后,再通读全文,检查文理是否通顺,逻辑是否合理。真题分析真题分析A（2016福州市福州市）What would it be like to be over 100 meters in the air？Besides taking a plane,there is a more interesting and relaxing way to experience it:having a ride on a Ferris wheel

6、(摩天轮).London Eye,England With a height of about 135 meters,the London Eye is the tallest Ferris wheel in Europe.There are 32 cars(轿厢)and each can carry 25 people at most.On the ride,people can get a view of London Tower.Buckingham Palace and Big Ben.One turn takes 30 minutes.真题分析真题分析 High Roller，US

7、It is the worlds tallest Ferris wheel.It is 168 meters tall.High Roller first opened in Las Vegas on March 31st,2014.A ride takes 30 minutes.You can also enjoy videos and music during the ride.Tianjin Eye,China Tianjin Eye is a 120-metertall Ferris wheel.It lies on a bridge over the Haihe River in T

8、ianjin,China.It is the only Ferris wheel in the world to stand on a bridge.The wheel has 48 cars.Each can take eight passengers.People can get good views of the city during the 30minute trip.Roue de Paris France Roue de Paris looks like all other Ferris wheels.It is about 60 meters tall and has 42 c

9、ars.But people can move it.Because of this,the big wheel has been to many other places like Manchester in the UK and Bangkok in Thailand.真题分析真题分析()1.There are _ cars in London Eye.A.25 B.30 C.32 D.135()2.The tallest Ferris wheel in the world is in_.A.Paris B.Tianjin C.Las Vegas D.London()3.High Roll

10、er is _ meters taller than Tianjin Eye.A.33 B.48 C.60 D.108真题分析真题分析()4._ is the only one to lie on a bridge.A.London Eye B.High Roller C.Tianjin Eye D.Roue de Paris()5.Which of the following is TRUE？A.Tianjin Eye can bring you musical enjoyment.B.Roue de Paris can be moved to many other places.C.Lon

11、don Eye can carry 384 passengers at most on one turn.D.Having a ride on the four Ferris wheels needs the same time.真题分析真题分析1.C【解析】细节理解题根据“There are 32 cars”可知伦敦眼有32个轿厢。故选C。2.C【解析】细节理解题根据“It is the worlds tallest Ferris wheel”和“High Roller first opened in Las Vegas on March 31st,2014.”可知,世界上最高的摩天轮在La

12、s Vegas。故选C。3.B【解析】推理判断题根据“It is 168 meters tall”和“Tianjin Eye is a 120metertall Ferris wheel.”可知High Roller 比Tianjin Eye 高48米。故选B。真题分析真题分析 4.C【解析】细节理解题根据“It is the only Ferris wheel in the world to stand on a bridge.”可知Tianjin Eye 是世界上唯一一座建在桥上的摩天轮。故选C。5.B【解析】细节理解题由第三段中“You can also enjoy videos and

13、 music during the ride.”可知A错;C错在London Eye可以乘坐3225=800人;D错在文中并没有提到Roue de Paris 转一圈需要多长时间。根据“But people can move it”可知,巴黎摩天轮可以移动,B选项正确。故选B。真题分析真题分析 B Pollution inside homes and other buildings kills more than 4 million people each year.Many people die as a result of breathing smoke or from cooking o

14、ver wood-powered or coal-powered stoves.One way to reduce the number of deaths is through cooking equipment powered by the sun.Crosby Menzies,a solar power expert in a South African company,described his latest solar cooker called the“Sol4”,”It is four square meters of mirrors,six to eight meters in

15、 length.It is quite a large cooker.”真题分析真题分析 The“Sol-4”works by reflecting(反射)light from the sun off large mirrors.The mirrors direct(把对准)the light at a cooking pan.Then the light heats the pan with solar energy.Within two minutes,the pan is hot enough to cook sausages and onions.In just four minute

16、s,water can be boiled.That is as fast as cooking with natural gas or electricity.The cooker is also much“friendlier”than other models because people do not have to stand in the sun to use it.And people can prepare meals without having to collect firewood or spend money on coal.Such individuals would

17、 be less likely to have breathing illnesses from harmful smoke.真题分析真题分析 At present,the cooker only works when the sun is shining.But engineers are working on a way to make it work without sunlight.Each cooker costs about$2,000,which is a large amount of money for most Africans.To solve that problem,

18、Crosby Menzies has crated a non-governmental organization called Solar Cookers for Africa.It plans to raise money through donations to provide poor people with solar cooking equipment.真题分析真题分析()1.This passage is mainly about _.A.solar cookers B.smoke pollution C.solar power experts D.breathing illne

19、sses()2.The“Sol-4”is mainly used to _.A.shorten the time of cooking B.reduce the cost of making cookers C.raise money through donations to help African people D.reduce the number of deaths caused by harmful smoke真题分析真题分析()3.The underlined word“individuals”most probably means“”A.cookers B.mirrors C.p

20、eople D.experts()4.Which of the following about the“Sol-4”is TRUE？A.It is six to eight square meters of mirrors.B.It can work in any weather condition now.C.It can also heat the pan by lighting firewood.D.It is more environment-friendly than other cookers.真题分析真题分析()5.From the passage,we can infer th

21、at _.A.the“Sol4”will be designed in a smaller size B.more Africans can use the solar cookers in the future C.the“Sol4”is the first product of the South African company D.the African government will provide poor people with solar cookers真题分析真题分析B 1.A【解析】主旨大意题根据全文可知本文介绍了一种新型的太阳能灶具。故答案是A。2.D【解析】细节理解题根据

22、“One way to reduce the number of deaths is through cooking equipment powered by the sun.”以及本段提出的Sol4这个炊具可知:Sol4主要是用于减少因呼吸有害气体而导致的死亡。故选D。3.C【解析】词义猜测题根据“And people can prepare meals without having to collect firewood or spend money on coal.”和“would be less likely to have breathing illnesses from harmf

23、ul smoke.”可知:这样的人很少患上呼吸类疾病。因此,“individuals”指的是人。故选C。真题分析真题分析 4.D【解析】细节理解题根据第三段介绍的Sol4工作原理可知:它使用的是太阳能,比其他灶具更环保。故选D。5.B【解析】推理判断题根据“To solve that problem,Crosby Menzies has crated a non-governmental organization called Solar Cookers for Africa.It plans to raise money through donations to provide poor p

24、eople with solar cooking equipment.”可以推断将来越来越多的非洲人会用上太阳能灶。故答案是B。真题分析真题分析 C(2015漳州市)Its very common to meet different people in public places.When I was 12,I got a job in a shop.On my first day at work,I didnt come home for lunch.1._,Dad asked,“Where did you manage your lunch,dear?”I answered,“I made

25、 some new friends in the shop,twin brothers,their mom and dad.They were my customers.2._.”Dad was happy that I had made new friends,but he wanted to know what kind of people they might be.Several days later,I asked my friends to come to the shop where I worked and let Dad meet them.真题分析真题分析 Dad was

26、very surprised to find out that the twin brothers were joined at the chest.3._.When Dad asked me about this,I said,“I know that,too.But do you know that their mom has to make all clothes because its too difficult to find anything to fit them?4._.That day,Joe,the one on the right,made me noodles for

27、lunch.”5._ But to me,what I cared about was that they had difficulty buying clothes and they were good cooks.真题分析真题分析 A.They are also good at cooking B.When I came home at night C.I didnt tell Dad about that before D.They invited me to have lunch together E.To Dad,he might care more about their strange真题分析真题分析C 1.B【解析】由上下文可知,爸爸询问“午饭是怎么解决的？”应发生在作者晚上回家后,故选B。2.D【解析】作者没回家吃午饭是因为朋友邀请他吃午饭,上下文都在谈论lunch,所以“lunch”是判断的关键词,故选D。3.C【解析】由关键词“surprised”可推出爸爸事先不知道作者的朋友是一对连体双胞胎,故选C。4.A【解析】由后半句“made me noodles for lunch”可知他们擅长烹饪,故选A。5.E【解析】根据句式But to me的结构可推出前半句就为To Dad,故选E。真题分析真题分析