中考英语总复习课件介词.ppt

1、介词的分类与语法功能介词的分类与语法功能介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词（或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等）代词（或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等）构成介词短语，在句中充当一个成分。构成介词短语，在句中充当一个成分。常见的介词宾语：常见的介词宾语：名词、代词、动名词、从句、名词、代词、动名词、从句、介词分为：介词分为：简单介词，如简单介词，如at、in、for等；等；合成介词，如合成介词，如within、inside、onto 短语介词，如短语介词，如according to、out of、because of、by mean

2、s of、双重介词，如双重介词，如from behind/above/under、分词介词，如分词介词，如considering、including、主要介词区别主要介词区别:表示时间的表示时间的at,in,on In:表示在某一较长时间内，如世纪、年、月、季、周等一般用表示在某一较长时间内，如世纪、年、月、季、周等一般用 介词介词in On:在具体的某一天或某天上午、晚上、前夕，常用在具体的某一天或某天上午、晚上、前夕，常用on;用于描述性的时间用于描述性的时间:On a cold nightAt:表示某一时刻或某一点时间用表示某一时刻或某一点时间用at,如小时、分钟等。如小时、分钟等。Th

3、ey set out _ a Monday morning.They got home _ noon.They usually played basketball _ the evening,and that game was held_ a warm evening.ononatin地点介词地点介词at、on、inat：在较小的场所，：在较小的场所，In：1）在较大的场所）在较大的场所;2）表示在某物内部表示在某物内部On：在在的的 表面上表面上。He lives _ 55 Park street.There is a book _ the table.There is an interes

4、ting article _ the newspaper./He dug a hole _ the wall.onatinin表示地理位置的表示地理位置的in,on,to：若若A地属于地属于B地，用地，用in;A地位于地位于B地的外面且有边缘衔接用地的外面且有边缘衔接用on；A地位于地位于B地的外面无边缘的衔接有地的外面无边缘的衔接有to。Japan lies _ the east of China.Fujian lies _ the southeast of China.Canada lies _ the north of the USA.China faces the Pacific _

5、the east.Ningbo is a city _ the coast.The island lies _ the coast of China.(相隔一定距离相隔一定距离)ontoinononoff与名词所有格连用表示地点，也用与名词所有格连用表示地点，也用 atat。如：。如：_ my sisters _ my sisters 在我姐姐家在我姐姐家 _ the doctors _ the doctors 在医务室在医务室atatatat_ the tree(_ the tree(多指树外之物多指树外之物)_the tree(_the tree(多指树本身之物多指树本身之物)在树上在树上

6、ininonon在某些搭配中，三者的区别与英国英语和美国英语有关：在某些搭配中，三者的区别与英国英语和美国英语有关：in the street(in the street(英英)/on the street()/on the street(美美)在街上在街上in the road(in the road(英英)/on the road()/on the road(美美)在路上在路上in the team(in the team(英英)/on the team()/on the team(美美)在这个队在这个队at the weekend(at the weekend(英英)/on the we

7、ekend()/on the weekend(美美)在周末在周末at weekends(at weekends(英英)/on weekends()/on weekends(美美)在周末在周末表示时间的表示时间的since和和from：since表示从过去到现在的一段时间的过程，常与现在完成时连用。表示从过去到现在的一段时间的过程，常与现在完成时连用。from表示从时间的某一点开始，不涉及与现在的关系。表示从时间的某一点开始，不涉及与现在的关系。一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用。一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用。I hope to do morning exercises _ today.W

8、e have not seen each other _ 1995.Since then,she _ as a teacher here.From then on,she _ as a teacher here.fromsincehas workedworkedtill、untiltill(until)与持续动词连用一般用于肯定句中，与短暂动词连与持续动词连用一般用于肯定句中，与短暂动词连 用一般用在否定句中。如：用一般用在否定句中。如：He waited for me till twelve oclock.He didnt get up till(until)10 a.m.但注意：在句首出现

9、或强调句型中一般不用但注意：在句首出现或强调句型中一般不用till而用而用until。如：如：Not until 10 a.m.did he get up.他等到我他等到我12点点.他直到他直到10点才起床点才起床in、after、laterin+一段时间：表示说话时为起点一段时间之后，一段时间：表示说话时为起点一段时间之后，与一般将来时连用；与一般将来时连用；但表示但表示“在在之内之内”时，用于各种时态。时，用于各种时态。after+一段时间表示：一段时间表示：“在过去一段时间之后在过去一段时间之后”，用于一般过去时；，用于一般过去时；+一点时间时，用于各种时态。一点时间时，用于各种时态。T

10、he doctor will be with us _ six minutes.We will meet again _ two weeks.He received her letter _four weeks.He will receiver her letter _ 2 oclock.另外，另外，in+一段时间一段时间+s+time 与与 within+一段时间的用法如下：一段时间的用法如下：in a weeks time=in a weekThey will arrive in three days time.(与将来时连用与将来时连用)in=withininafterafterAcro

11、ss/throughAcross表示从一端至另一端横跨表示从一端至另一端横跨横渡横渡;在物体表面上的通过，与在物体表面上的通过，与on有关有关through则表示在三维空间内部则表示在三维空间内部“穿过穿过”。与。与in 有关；有关；表示透过表示透过,通过带洞的物体通过带洞的物体.It took them 6 weeks to walk _ the great desert.I walked _ the forest/the crowd.The moonlight went _ the window.He studied the sky _ the telescope.He swam _ th

12、e river within 5 minutes.acrossacrossthroughthroughthroughA little boat is now _ the bridge.The sun sinks _ the horizon(地平线地平线)The window is well _ the tree.The earth lay _ a blanket of snow.She spread a cloth _ the table.表示表示“在在的上面的上面”的的on,over，above:On:在物体表面上在物体表面上,相接触的相接触的.反义词反义词:beneathover表示表示“

13、正上方正上方;还可表示还可表示“越过越过”覆盖覆盖”.反义词是反义词是underabove只表示只表示“在上方在上方”但不一定在但不一定在“正上方正上方”。反义词是反义词是 below 还可表示温度、水位等还可表示温度、水位等“高于高于”There is a bridge _ the riverOur plane flew _ the clouds.There is a picture _ the wall.overaboveunderbelowaboveonoverbeneathbelowbelow与与underunder都可表示都可表示“低于低于”，under under 主要表示垂直在下

14、的正下方，主要表示垂直在下的正下方，而而 below below 则不一定表示正下方则不一定表示正下方(可以是正下方或非正下方可以是正下方或非正下方)Look in the cupboard _ the sink.Look in the cupboard _ the sink.到洗碗池下面的柜子里找一找。到洗碗池下面的柜子里找一找。The climbers stopped 300 meters _ the The climbers stopped 300 meters _ the top of the mountain.top of the mountain.登山队员们在离山顶登山队员们在离山

15、顶 300 300 米处停了下来。米处停了下来。换句话说，表示正下方，两者都可用；不表示正下方，换句话说，表示正下方，两者都可用；不表示正下方，则通常用则通常用belowbelow。below underbelow underbelowbelowbelowbelow与与underunder 2.2.两者均可表示数量方面的两者均可表示数量方面的“少于少于”，但在现代英语中，但在现代英语中，以用以用 under under 为多见。如：为多见。如：There were _ forty people at the meeting.There were _ forty people at the me

16、eting.参加会议的人不足参加会议的人不足 40 40 人。人。注：在现代英语中，注：在现代英语中，below below 表示表示“少于少于”，主要用于表示，主要用于表示温度、高度以及有纵向标准可比的情况。如：温度、高度以及有纵向标准可比的情况。如：This place is _ sea level.This place is _ sea level.此地在海平面以下。此地在海平面以下。The temperature is two degrees _ zero.The temperature is two degrees _ zero.温度是零下温度是零下 2 2 度。度。underund

17、erbelowbelowbelowbelowbelowbelow与与underunder 3.3.表示职位、级别等关系时，用表示职位、级别等关系时，用 under under 表直接关系，表直接关系，用用 below below 表非直接关系。比较：表非直接关系。比较：Mr A is _ MrMr A is _ Mr B.A B.A 先生是先生是 B B 先生的部下。先生的部下。Mr A is _ MrMr A is _ Mr B.A B.A 先生比先生比 B B 先生职位低。先生职位低。underunderbelowbelowThis problem is _ me/my understan

18、ding.This problem is _ me/my understanding.这个问题我无能为力。这个问题我无能为力。He may think himself above others.He may think himself above others.他也许自以为高人一等。他也许自以为高人一等。4.在程度或限度等方面在程度或限度等方面“超过超过”、“超越超越”等，这类短语等，这类短语 通常用作表语通常用作表语above/beyondabove/beyondBeyond表示位置表示位置“在在的那一边；在更远处的那一边；在更远处”。_ the river stood a power st

19、ation_ the river stood a power station过了这条河就是一个发电站。过了这条河就是一个发电站。表示范围、水平、限度、能力等表示范围、水平、限度、能力等“超出；为超出；为所不能及所不能及”。固定搭配固定搭配beyond doubtbeyond doubtbeyond controlbeyond controlbeyond comparisonbeyond comparisonbeyond all praisebeyond all praisebeyond beliefbeyond beliefBeyondBeyond无容置疑，确实地无容置疑，确实地 无法控制无法

20、控制 无以伦比无以伦比 赞不绝口赞不绝口难以置信难以置信表示方式、手段、工具的介词表示方式、手段、工具的介词 with,in,by:With:表示用具体的工具表示用具体的工具,或用身体的某部位或用身体的某部位In:使用语言、材料、声音使用语言、材料、声音;具体的确交通工具等具体的确交通工具等By:表泛指的交通工具方式、或其它手段表泛指的交通工具方式、或其它手段;通过做通过做(by doing)_ telephone(radio),但但_ the phone/the radio/_ TV(电讯器材电讯器材)，_ hand 但但 _ ones hands_ bus(road)/car/by bik

21、e但但_ the red bus,_ my car,_ his bike,_foot_ a pen/pencil但但 _ ink/pencilHe killed the dog _ a stone _ hitting it.The novel was written _ easy English.另外：另外：by means of 用用方法，方法，by way of 经由，取道于经由，取道于byononbywithbyininonwithinwithbyin表示表示“除除之外之外”的几组常用介绍比较的几组常用介绍比较:besides:除除以外，（还有）。作副词时意思是以外，（还有）。作副词时意

22、思是“而且，更何况而且，更何况”。except:除去，除除去，除之外（不再有）。之外（不再有）。except for:除了除了（对句子主题进行细节校正或附加说明）（对句子主题进行细节校正或附加说明）后接名词、代词或后接名词、代词或what从句从句except+从句从句:除了除了一点以外。一点以外。Who else went to the cinema _ Shaw.Who else went to the cinema _ Shaw.It was too late to see a film,and _,I was tired.It was too late to see a film,and

23、 _,I was tired.We all went _ John.We all went _ John.He was very clever _ carelessness.He was very clever _ carelessness.He has not changed _ he is wearing He has not changed _ he is wearing dark glasses.dark glasses.We go to school every day _ there are no We go to school every day _ there are no c

24、lasses.classes.besidesbesidesexceptexcept forexcept thatexcept whenbut与与except 表示表示“除了除了以外以外”时可通用，但点：前面有不定时可通用，但点：前面有不定人词、疑问代词在意义上对称时，多用人词、疑问代词在意义上对称时，多用but。All _ one are here.Nobody _I likes making model ships.but与一些固定结构连用与一些固定结构连用:have nothing to do but do.have no choice but to do sth.can not but

25、do sth.can not help but do sth.but for butbut只得做某事，只得做某事，不得不不得不,不得不不得不，如不是如不是between与与among.Between:指两者之间。指两者之间。有时虽然是三个以上的人或东西，如强调的是两两有时虽然是三个以上的人或东西，如强调的是两两 相互间关系，适宜用相互间关系，适宜用between Among:表示三者以上之间表示三者以上之间;与最高级连用与最高级连用(=one of)Switzerland lies _ France,Germany,Austria and Italy.Its a secret _ you an

26、d me.She was busy _ working and looking after the baby.He was happy to be _ friends again.London is _the largest cities.They dont know the difference _ wheat,oats and barley.betweenbetweenbetweenbetweenamongamong表示表示”随着随着”As(连词连词)/with(介词介词)意义接近的介词和连词意义接近的介词和连词:_ time went on,his theory proved to be

27、 correct._ time going on,表示表示”在在期间期间”During(介词介词)/while(连词连词)Ill visit many places _ my stay in Paris._ I stay in Paris.AsWithduringwhile表表”虽然虽然”尽管尽管”的的though(连词连词)/in spite of(despite)介词介词_ it rained hard,he went on working outside._ the heavy rain,he 表示表示”以防万一以防万一”的的in case(介词介词)/in case of(连词连词)W

28、e might as well take an umbrella _ it rains._ the rain.ThoughDespite/in spite ofin casein case of表示表示”像像”的的as(连词连词),like(介词介词)：We must learn English _ Marx did.Then I made faces and jumped _ a monkey.Tom has the same shirt _ mine.Let me speak to you _ a father.（as作作“作为作为”、“以以地位或身份地位或身份”解解:事实是父亲）；事实是

29、父亲）；aslikeasas要求接要求接to的名词有的名词有：key、answer,road,visit、trip,entrance、introduction、noteassistance,等等“to”为介词的短语为介词的短语:Be used to Look forward toPay attention toBe devoted toBe addicted toBe accustomed toAdapt toAdjust toLead toStick toContribute to形似分词的边缘介词形似分词的边缘介词:We had several discussions _the matte

30、r._ his age,he writes quite well.Yesterday,we had a spirited discussion regarding the future of the reform.关于这事，我们已讨论好几次了。关于这事，我们已讨论好几次了。以他的年龄来看，他写得相当不错以他的年龄来看，他写得相当不错。昨天，我们就改革的前途进行了一番热烈的讨论。昨天，我们就改革的前途进行了一番热烈的讨论。concerningconcerningrespectingrespectingConsidering/givenConsidering/givenConcerning/res

31、pecting(Concerning/respecting(关于，就关于，就来说来说)：Considering/given(Considering/given(鉴于，就鉴于，就而论而论)：regarding(regarding(关于关于)，此词为正式用语，常用于商业信函中，此词为正式用语，常用于商业信函中。形似分词的边缘介词形似分词的边缘介词:wanting(没有没有)：_courage,victory is impossible.Including(包括包括)We are six in all _ Xiaoming.没有勇气，就不可能取得胜利。没有勇气，就不可能取得胜利。WantingWan

32、tingincludingincluding介词的省略介词的省略:表示时间的介词表示时间的介词on、at、in的省略。的省略。在在next、last、yesterday、tomorrow、each、one、any、every、all等词之前，可以省略等词之前，可以省略 last weekend、that day等。等。介词介词for在以在以all开头的名词短语前，要省略。开头的名词短语前，要省略。I stayed with her all he morning某些动词短语之后的介词可以省略。某些动词短语之后的介词可以省略。Nothing can prevent me(from)doing th

33、e job.She spent nearly two hours(in)translating it.“-How long have you been an actor?”“-_ 1995,when I graduated from college.”A.AfterB.In C.FromD.SinceWhen did you become an actor?”“_ 1995,when I graduated from college.”A.After B.In C.FromD.Since“How long will you work on the farm?”“_ the end of nex

34、t year.”A.InB.By C.AtD.Since“When did you leave the farm?”“_ the end of last year.”A.In B.By C.At D.SinceIn those days,we had no phones,so we have to keep in touch _ writing often.A.withB.of C.onD.byWeve talked a lot _ films.How _ television now?B.of,with B.with,towards C.about,about D.for,aboutSo f

35、ar,several ships have been reported missing _ the coast of Bermuda Island.A.offB.along C.on D.around The lift in that tall building went wrong and got trapped _ floors.People in it had no way to get out.A.in B.between C.among D.on _ their inexperience,theyve done a good job.A.Given B.Supposed C.Cons

36、ideredD.Concluded They promise that the work will all be finished _next week.A.until B.in C.byD.to She knew nothing about his journey _ he was likely to be away for three months.A.exceptB.except for C.except thatD.in addition He usually goes to work by bike _ it rains.A.exceptB.except when C.except

37、that D.except forI found the island a wonderful place for our experiments_ the hot weather.A.besidesB.except for C.exceptD.except that After finishing middle school,my sister After finishing middle school,my sister did nothing _ at home.did nothing _ at home.A.A.but to read but to read B.but read B.

38、but read C.besides reading C.besides reading D.except to readD.except to readI made coat _ my own hands.It wasI made coat _ my own hands.It wasmade _ hand not with a machine.made _ hand not with a machine.A.A.in;in in;in B.in;with B.in;with C.with;by C.with;by D.with;with D.with;with The apple trees

39、 have lots of big apples The apple trees have lots of big apples _ them.And some birds are singing_ them.And some birds are singing _ the trees._ the trees.A.A.in;on in;on B.at;in B.at;in C.on;in C.on;in D.with;throughD.with;throughWe should divide all the potatoes _ We should divide all the potatoe

40、s _ two piles and separated the good ones two piles and separated the good ones _ the bad ones._ the bad ones.A.A.from;by from;by B.into;from B.into;from C.into;into C.into;into D.from;intoD.from;into These boxes are too heavy for me to carry.These boxes are too heavy for me to carry.Here,Ill give y

41、ou a hand _ them.Here,Ill give you a hand _ them.A.A.for for B.to B.to C.with C.with D.byD.by1.其他词+ofahead of 在之前，比强instead of 代替，而不regardless of 不顾，不管2.其他词+toaccording to 根据 as to 至于，关于contrary to 违反 due to 由于，由于的原因 near to 在的附近 next to 紧挨着，紧次于owing to 因为，由于 thanks to 多亏，由于 3.in+其他词+ofin advance of

42、 在前面in/on behalf of 为了(的利益)in case of 如果，万一，以防in celebration of 庆祝 in charge of 负责，管理 in defence of 保卫 in explanation of 解释in face of 面对 in favour of 赞成，主张in front of 在前面 in honor of 纪念，祝贺，欢迎in memory of 纪念 in need of 需要in place of 代替 in possession of 拥有in praise of 称赞 in respect of 关于，就而言in search

43、of 寻找，搜找 in sight of 在看见的地方in spite of 虽然，尽管 in support of 为了支持(拥护)in view of 鉴于，考虑到4.in+其他词+for(fromin exchange for 作为对的交换 in preparation for 为作准备in return for 作为的报答 in reward for 作为的报酬5.in+其他词+to(fromin addition to 加之，除之外 in answer to 回答，响应in reply to 对的回答(答复)in response to 回答，响应in with reference to 关于 in with regard to 关于