初一英语语法知识点总结课件.pptx

1、初初一一英英语语语法语法知知识识点点总结总结复复习习课课时时一一教教学任务学任务一、一、重重点点语法语法1.动词 be（am,is,are）的用法：be 动词包括“am”,“is”,“are”三种形式。第一人称单数(I)配合 am 来用。句型解析析：I am+第二人称(You)配合 are 使用。句型解析：You are+第三人称单数(He or She or It)配合 is 使用。句型解析：She(He,It)is+人称复数(we/you/they)配合 are 使用。句型解析：We(You,They)are+例句We are in Class 5,Grade 7.They are my

2、friends.You are good students.用用法法口诀口诀：我(I)用 am,你(you)用 are，is 跟着他(he)，她(she)，它(it)。单数名词用 is，复数名词全用 are。变否定，更容易，be 后 not 加上去。变疑问，往前提，句末 问号莫丢弃。还有一条须注意，句首大写莫忘记。一.用括号中适当的词填空。1.I(am,are,is)from Australia.2.She(am,are,is)a student.3.Jane and Tom(am,is,are)my friends.4.My parents(am,is,are)very busy every

3、 day.5.(Are,Is,Do,Does)there a Chinese school in New York?6.(Be,Are,Were,Was)they excited when he heard the news?7.There(be)some glasses on it.8.If he(be)free tomorrow,he will go with us.一、用 be 动词的适当形式填空1.I a boy.you a boy?No,I not.2.The girl Jacks sister.3.The dog tall and fat.4.The man with big ey

4、es a teacher.5.your brother in the classroom?6.Whereyour mother?She at home.7.How your father?8.Mike and Liu Tao at school.9.Whose dress this?10.Whose socks they?11.That my red skirt.12.Who I?13.The jeans on the desk.14.Here a scarf for you.15.Here some sweaters for you.16.The black gloves for Su Ya

5、ng.17.This pair of gloves for Yang Ling.18.The two cups of milk for me.19.Some tea in the glass.20.Gao shans shirt over there.第第二二课课时时（1）英英语语人人称代称代词词和和物物主代词主代词一一、人人称称代词代词表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”的词，叫做人称代词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，见下表：人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemsheheri

6、tit人称代词主格：作主语，表示谁怎么样了、干什么了。I am a teacher.You are student.He is a student,too.We/You/They are students.人称代词宾格作宾语，表示动作行为的对象。Give it to me.Lets go(lets=let us)二二、物物主主代词代词表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形形容容词词性性物物 主主代代词词和名名词词性性物物主代主代词词二种，其人称和数的变化见下表。数 人称 类别单数复数第一 人称第二 人称第三 人称第一 人称第二人称第三 人称形容词性物主 代词myyou

7、rhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs汉语我的你的他的她的它的 我们的 你们的（她、它 们的形容词性物主代词(my/your/his/her/its/our/their)+名词而名词性物主代词则相当于形容词性物主代词+名词,故故其其后后不不必加必加名名词词。如：Is this your book?No,，it isnt，its hers(her book)This pen is mine.代代词词练练习习（一）（一）一一、选选出出括号括号中中正正确确的词的词，在正在正确确的的词词上打上打勾勾。1.This

8、is（my/I）mother.3.（He/His）name is Mark.5.Excuse（me/my/I）.7.（I/My）am Ben.9.Fine,thank（your/you）.2.Nice to meet（your/you）.4.Whats（she/her）name?6.Are（your/you）Miss Li?8.（She/Her）is my sister.10.How old is（he/his）二二、用用所所给代给代词词的的正正确形确形式式填空。填空。1.These are(he)brothers.2.That is(she)sister.3.Lily is(Lucy)sis

9、ter.4.Tom,this is(me)cousin,Mary.5.Now(her parent)are in America.6.Those(child )are(I)fathers students.7.Do you know(it)name?8.Mike and Tom(be)friends.9.Thanks for helping(I).10.(Ann 安)mother is(we)teacher.三三、单单项项选择。选择。（）1.My family a big family.My family all here.A.is,isB.are,are（）2.This is .A.a pi

10、cture of familyC.is,areD.are,isB.a picture of my familyC.a familys pictureD.a family of my picture（）3.Lets good friends.A.beB.areC.isD.am（）4.Is she your aunt?Yes,.A.shesB.her isC.she isD.he is（）5.Are coats yours?Yes,they are.A.theyB.theseC.thisD.there（）6.Is that uncle?No,it isntA.heB.sheC.herD.hers（

11、）7.Mrs.Green is grandmother.A.Jim and KateB.Jim and Kates C.Jims and Kates D.Jim and Kates（）8.Do you know the name Mr.Greens son?A.inB.ofC.onD.or（）9.the great photo of your family.A.thank forB.Thanks forC.Thank forD.thanks for（）10.Are those your friends?.A.Yes,theyre B.No,they areC.Yes,they are D.Ye

12、s,those are代代词词练练习习（二）（二）一一 陈陈述述句句陈述句的否定结构：陈述句的否定式主要用两种结构来表达：（1）句子的谓语动词为 be,have 或者谓语动词有助动词、情态动词时，其否定 结构为：主语+谓语动词/助动词/情态动词+not+其他成分I am not a teacher.我不是老师。We have not(havent)any books on animals.我们没有任何有关动物方面的书。The children are not(arent)playing in the playground.孩子们没在操场上玩。一一、用用适适当的当的代代词词填填空空1We lik

13、e(he,his,him)very much.2Is this guitar(you,your,yours)?3.(She,Her,Hers)name is Li Li.4.Father bought a desk for(I,my,me,mine).5(It,Its,Its)is very cold today.6.Is this your book,Mike?Yes ,(we,you,they)are.7.Are you and Tom classmates?Yes,(we,you,they)are.8.Each of the students(have,has)a pen pal.9He

14、 has a dog.I want to have(it,one),too.10Her parents are(both,all,either)teachers.11The text is easy for you .There are(few,a few,little,a little)new words in it.12I want(some,any)bananas.Give me these big(one,o nes).二二、选选择择正确正确的的答案答案1Is this book?AyouBICshe2Its a bird.name is Polly.AItsBItsCHis3What

15、s that?a jeep.AitsBItsCItsDyourDIt Dits4.Whats that in English?.AIts eggBThats eggCIts a eggDIts an egg 5Whose cat is this?Is it yours?Is it a white?AcatsBoneCones6Please give the book to .AIBmeCmy7 skirt is yours?AWhoseBWhereCHowDcatsDmineDWhich8 is this pen?Its Wang Fangs.AWhosBWhoseCWhereDWhich9K

16、ate and Mike do homework in the evening.AonesBhisCher10There isnt water in the bottle.AanyBsomeCno课课时时二（二（2）简简单句单句DtheirDaHe will not(wont)come.他不会来。We must not(mustnt)forget the past.我们不能忘记过去。It could not(couldnt)be lost.它不可能丢的。（2）当句子的谓语动词是 do(即行为动词)，而且没有助动词或情态动词时，其否定结构为：主语+do(does,did)+not+动词原形+其他

17、成分You do not(dont)come here every day.你没有每天都来这里。He does not(doesnt)teach this class.他不教这个班。They did not(didnt)watch TV last night.昨晚他们没看电视。注意：陈述句的语调一般用降调。但在表示疑问的语气时，用升调，在书面上要 用问号来表示。You really want to go to Hong Kong?你真的想去香港吗？这句话表示的是一种疑问，只不过是通过陈述的语序和疑问的语气来表达的二二 疑疑问问句句疑问句是用来提出疑问的句子，句末用问号“？”。常考的疑问句有四类

18、，即：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句。第第一一节节 一一般般疑疑问问句句一一般般疑疑问问句通句通常常需要需要用用 yes 或或 no 来来回回答答，所以又叫做“是非疑问句”。在读 这种句子时要用升调。一般疑问句主要有以下几种类型：1、“be+主语+表语”结构Are you sleepy?你困了吗？Yes,I am.是的，我困了。3、“情态动词+主语言+行为动词（或 be）”结构May/Can I use the telephone?我能用这部电话吗？Yes,you can.是的，可 以。5、“助动词（do,does,did）+主语+行为动词”结构Do you like swim

19、ming in summer?你喜欢夏天游泳吗？No,I dont.不，我 不喜欢。难点提示回答否定性一般疑问句时，要在 Yes 后面用肯定结构，表示肯定；在 No 后面 用否定结构，表示否定。注意在说法上正好与汉语习惯相反。诀窍是在回答的时 候，只要把它当成没有加否定形式的普通一般疑问句看待就可以了。注意下面例 句的回答和它的意思。Is he not your elder brother?他不是你的哥哥吗？Yes,he is.不，他是（我的哥哥）。No,he is not.是的，他不是（我的哥哥）。Isnt she very clever?她难道不是很聪明吗？Yes,she is.不，她很聪

20、明。No,she is not.是，她不聪明。第第二二节节 特特殊殊疑疑问问句句一、特殊疑问句是用来提出来特定问题的疑问句，要求听到问题的人针对特定情 况来做具体的回答，不能像不能像一一般疑问句一般疑问句一样样简单地简单地用用 Yes 或或 No 来回来回答答，特殊 疑问句要用降调来读。二、特殊疑问句的结构：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句Who do English homework in the evening?谁晚上做英语家庭作业？What do you do in the evening?你晚上做什么？What homework do you do in the evening?你晚上做什么家庭

21、作业？When do you do English homework?你什么时候做英语家庭作业？三、注意：对人提问时 who“谁”对所属（谁的）提问用 whose“谁的”对哪一个提问用 which“哪一个”对时间提问用 when“什么时候”或 what time“几点”对物体提问用 what“什么”对地点提问用 where“哪里”对原因提问用 why“为什么”对方式提问用 how“怎么样”对数量提问用 how many“多少”（用于可数名词复数）或 how much“多少”（用于 不可数名词）四、难点提示1、以 why 开头的特殊疑问句否定形式常用于表示建议、请求等。Why dont you

22、have a try?你为什么不试试呢？2、特殊疑问句常用到一些缩略形式，在平时学习中要注意习惯这些用法。I dont want to go there.How about you?我不想去那儿，你呢？But what else?可是还有什么呢？把下列句子变成否定句：1.I am listening to music.2.Mike is a student.3Sarah can clean the classroom.4.They are in the zoo.5.Therearesomeflowersinthe vase.6.This is my sister.7.We are sweepi

23、ng the floor.8.We need some masks.9.They like making the puppet.10.Su Hai and Su Yang live in a new house.11.I put a book on my head.12.They sing“In the classroom”together.13.We play basketball on Sundays.14.Tom likes listening to music肯定句改一般疑问句的方法肯定句改一般疑问句的方法肯定句改一般疑问句的 方法肯定句改一般疑问句的方法三步法1.有 be 动词/情态

24、动词：be 动词/情态动词提到句首，其余照抄，(some 改成 any，my 改成 your）句末用问号。2.无 be 动词/情态动词，在句首加 Do/Does/Did，其余照抄，(some 改成 any，my 改成 your）句末用问号。3.加 Does、did 的句子注意，句子动词要变成原型。例如：陈述句:They are in the park.He can play the guitar.一般疑问句:Are they in the park?Can he play the guitar?陈述句:I like the ducks.He likes the dogs.一般疑问句：Do yo

25、u like the ducks?Does he like the dogs?把下列句子变成一般疑问句1.I am listening to music.2.Mike is a student.3.Sarah can clean the classroom.4.They are in the zoo.5.Therearesomeflowersinthe vase.6.This is my sister.7.We are sweeping the floor.8.We need some masks.9.They like making the puppet.10.Su Hai and Su Y

26、ang live in a new house.11.I put a book on my head.12.They sing“In the classroom”together.13.We play basketball on Sundays.14.Tom likes listening to music关于特殊疑问词1、根根据据划划线线部分部分确确定定是是什么什么疑疑问词问词,后后面面写写原原句变句变成成的的一一般疑般疑问问句句，句句末末问号。问号。2、how many 后后必必须须先先写物写物品品，再再写一写一般般疑问疑问句句等。等。1、A:is the boy in blue?B:He

27、s Mike.2、A:pen is it?B:Its mine.3、A:is the diary?B:Its under the chair.4、A:is the Chirstmas Day?B:Its on the 25th of December.5、A:are the earphones?B:They are 25 yuan.6、A:is the cup?B:Its blue.7、A:is it today?B:Its Sunday.8、A:was it yesterday?B:It was the 13th of October.9、A:this red one?B:Its beaut

28、iful.12.A:is your cousin?B:Hes 15 years old.13、A:do you have dinner?B:At 6 oclock 综综合合练习练习The children have a good time in the park.否定句：一般疑问句：1.There is only one problem.否定句：一般疑问句：肯定/否定回答：7.She has some bread for lunch today.否定句：一般疑问句：肯定/否定回答：.句句型型转转换换题题1.The girl is singing in the classroom.(改为否定句）

29、改为一般疑问句5.I can speak English.(改为一般疑问句）6.I am writing now.(同上）7.I have a desk and a chair.(用 He 做主语改写句子）8.She is buying some food in the supermarket.（改为否定句）10.Does she like growing flowers?（给予否定回答）课课时时三三英英语名语名词词单单数数变复变复数数的规则的规则一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式，是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。读音变化：结尾是清辅音读s，结尾是浊辅音或元音读z。例：friendfriends;ca

30、tcats;stylestyles;sportsports;piecepieces二、凡是以 s、z、x、ch、sh 结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后辍-es 构成复数。读音变化：统一加读iz。例：busbuses;quizquizzes;foxfoxes;matchmatches;flashflashes三、以辅音字母+y 结尾的名词，将 y 改变为 i，再加-es。读音变化：加读z。例：candycandies;daisydaisies;fairyfairies;ladyladies;storystories四、以-o 结尾的名词，如果不是外来词或缩写，就加-es，否则加-s 构成复数。读音变化

31、：加读z。例：tomatotomatoes;potatopotatoes;torpedotorpedoes;bingobingoes反例：silosilos;pianopianos（外来词）;photophotos;五、以-f 或-fe 结尾的名词，多为将-f 或-fe 改变为-ves，但有例外。读音变化：尾音f改读vz。例：knifeknives;lifelives;leafleaves;staffstaves;scarfscarves反例：roofroofs六、部分单词的复数形式不变。读音变化：保持原音。例：fishfish;sheepsheep;cattlecattle;deerdeer

32、;七、极少数单词，其复数形式没有任何规律。读音变化：没有规律。例：manmen;womanwomen;childchildren;personpeople;oxoxen八、一些单数词得改头换面一番,才能变成复数词例：footfeet;manmenmousemice;toothteeth;womanwomen九、有些名词是单数、复数不分的例：deer;fish;cannon;sheep;salmon 鲑鱼;trout 鳟鱼十、一些名词虽分单数、复数，但出现次数多的总是单数词例：abscence;clothing;film;help;furniture 家具;machinery 机械;news;s

33、cenery 风 景;sugar;traffic 交通十一、另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多例：bellows 风箱;clothes;police;shorts 短裤;scissors 剪刀;spectacles 眼镜;shears大剪刀trousers 长裤;wages 工资十二、若表达具体数目，要借助数量词例：pair(对，双);suit(套);a pair of glasses;two pairs of trousers 十三、另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，例：goods 货物，waters 水域，fishes（各种）鱼十四、除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都

34、有复数形式。例：a dollar,two dollars;a meter,two meters以 O 结 尾 的 词，许 多 加 es 构 成 复 数，特 别 是 一 些 常 用 词 如：heroes,potatoes,tomatoes,echoes,tornadoes,torpedoes,dominoes,vetoes,mosquitoes,Ne groes,mangoes,buffaloes,volcanoes但 下 面 几 类 词 只 加 s：1.以“元 音+o”或“o o”结 尾 的 词 如:videos,radios,studios,zoos,bamboos,kangaroos,2.

35、一些外来词，特别是音乐方面的词，如：pianos,3.一些缩写词和专有名词，如：kilos,photos,写写出出下下列列名词名词复复数数leaf puppy_ box knife fly_ fox bus bench brush kiss church dish ruler peach glass pencil boy_ zoo man roof sheep knife lady_ key_ story_ watch bamboo city_ family_ day_ apple eraser speech thief mouse fish goose people ox Chinese d

36、eer foot child tooth guy_ hero spy_ boss monkey_ city goat radio horse dog 用用所所给给的的单词的复单词的复数的数的正正确确形形式式填空：填空：1There are so many_(wolf)in the forest.2There are three(chair)in the classroom.3These(tomato)are red.4(hero)are great.5My brother looks after two(baby)6There are some(deer)eating the grass.7M

37、y father likes to eat(potato).8Chinese(people)like to eat noodles.9I have a lot of(toy)in my bedroom.10I help my mother wash(dish)in the kitchen.11I have two(pencil-box).12There are some(bus)in the street.13Peter has eight(foot).14Linda has three(tooth).15There are some(child)in the garden.16Michael

38、 likes the(mouse).17There are some(goose)in the river.18My uncle and father are(man).19Tom and King are (boy).20Linda has three(tooth).选选出出正正确确形式形式1I can see three in the zoo.A monkeys B monkeys C monkey2.The pig has four.A.footB.feetC.foots 3.My two brothers are both.A.policemanB.policemansC.police

39、men 4.There are four in the class.A.JapaneseB.JapanesesC.Japan5.I can see ten in the picture.A.sheepB.dogC.pig6.The has three.A.boys,watchesB.boy,watchC.boy,watches7.C an you see on the plate?A.bread B.breads C.breades 8.The girl often brushes her before she goes to bed.A.toothB.toothsC.teeth9.Mr Bl

40、ack often drink some.A.milk B.milks C.milkes 10.There are some on the floor.A.childB.waterC.books11.will learn English.A.WomanB.WomenC.Man 12.Lucy will show us some new of hers.A.photoB.photosC.photoes13.I drank two.A.bottles of orangeB.bottle of orangeC.bottles of oranges14.The cat eats two last ni

41、ght.A.mousesB.miceC.mouse15.I need a pen and some.A.booksB.deskC.chair16 Jim was late for two classes this morning.He said that he forgot both of the.A.rooms numberB.Room numberC.Rooms numberD.Room numbers17.The newly-built library is a building.A.five-storeyB.five storeysC.five-storeysD.five storey

42、s18.-Whose umbrella is it?-Its.A.somebody elsesB.Somebody elseC.Somebodys elsesD.Somebodys else19.I feel terribly hot,Whats the?A.temperature of roomB.Rooms temperatureC.Room temperatureD.Temperature of rooms20.will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas.A.The EvensB.The Evens C.Th

43、e EvensesD.The Evenses 21.The girl talking to Mary is a friend of.A.Marys sister B.Mary sistersC.Marys sisters D.sister of Marys22.The woman over there is mother.A.Julia and Shelleys B.Julias and ShelleysC.Julia and Shelley D.Julias and Shelley23.He is very tired.He needs.A.a night rest B.a rest nig

44、htC.a nights rest D.a rest of night24.-Excuse me，where are offices?-Over thereA teachers B teachers C the teachers D the teachers25Today is September 10th.Its Day.Lets go and buy some flowers for our teachers.A.TeacherB.TeachersC.the TeachersD.Teachers课课时时四四现现在在进进行行时时 现现在在进进行行时用时用法法：一一般般结结构构：肯定句式：主语

45、+be(am,is,are)+现在分词+其它.否定句式：主语+be(am,is,are)+not+现在分词+其它.一般疑问句：Be(am,is,are)+主语+现在分词+其它？特殊疑问句：疑问词+be(am,is,are)+主语+现在分词+其它？对一般疑问句作答，肯定回答：yes,主语+be,否定回答：no,主语+be not对现在进行时的特殊疑问句的回答，它不可以用 Yes 或 No 直接作答，要根据实 际情况回答。Eg：They are working these days.He is buying a bike.They arent working these days.He isnt

46、buying a bike.Are they working these days?Is he buying a bike?What are they doing these days?What is he doing?现现在在分分词词的变的变法法有有1、一般在动词词尾加上-ingJumpjumpinggogoingpushingpushingplayplaying2、以不发音字母 e 结尾的动词，先去 e，再加-ing.Taketakeingleaveleavingwritewriting havehaving3、.以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，它前面是单个元音字母时 要先将词

47、尾的辅音字母双写，再加上-ing.fitfitting beginbeginningCutcuttingputputtingstopstopping forgetforgetting4.以 ie 结尾的词，将 ie 变为 y 再加 ing Lielying练练习习：尽管现在进行时比较简单，但在做题过程中也常会犯一些错误，常见的错误 有如下几种：自我检测1、Look!He their mother do the housework.A.is helpingB.are helpC.is helpD.is helpping2 、are the boys doing?They are singing

48、in the room.A.WhoB.HowC.WhatD.Where3、Dont talk here.My mother.D.sleepD.writesA.is sleepingB.are sleepingC.sleeping 4 、Danny.Dont call him.A.is writeing B.is writingC.writing 5 、When he back?Sorry,I dont know.A.does,comeB.are comingC.is comeD.is coming 6、Its ten oclock.My mother(lie)in bed.7、What he

49、(mend)?8、We(play)games now.9、What you(do)thesse days?10、he(clean)the classroom?11、Who(sing)in the next room?12、The girl(like)wearing a sweater.Look!She(wear)a red sweater today.二、常见方位介词短语（一）、由介词 in 构成的方位介词短语1、in the front 在 前 面3、in the back row 在后排5、in front of.在.前面（范围之外）围之内）7、in the middle 在中间2、in

50、the front row 在 前 排4、in the third row 在第三排 6、in the front of.在.前部（范 8、in the street 在街上10、in the tree 在树上（指飞鸟9、in the middle of.在中间 等外来物）2、at the back of.在.所在范围4、at the top of.在.顶部 6、at the head of.在.前头 8、at the station 在车站10、at my uncles 在我叔叔家12、at the doctors 在医务室/在2、on ones right/left 在某人的右（左）（二）