动词不定式(总复习)课件.ppt

1、优秀课件，精彩无限！1优秀课件，精彩无限！2 is better than.means victory!在很多情况下，特别是在口语中，常采用先在很多情况下，特别是在口语中，常采用先行行it代替主语代替主语，而把不定式后置：，而把不定式后置：Its a great pleasure.It is not an easy thing.这种后置不定式的结构也适用于某些谓语动这种后置不定式的结构也适用于某些谓语动词不是系动词的句子，如：词不是系动词的句子，如：It took us five hours.It made us very angry.优秀课件，精彩无限！3不定式结构的逻辑主语通常可在特定的上

2、下文不定式结构的逻辑主语通常可在特定的上下文或情景中看出，也可以由或情景中看出，也可以由“for+名词词组名词词组”来表示，来表示，如：如：It is not hard to do a bit of good.It was difficult to do the work.某些形容词在上述结构中作表语时，常在不定某些形容词在上述结构中作表语时，常在不定式之前加上式之前加上“of+名词词组名词词组”来说明不定式所指的来说明不定式所指的是谁的情况，如：是谁的情况，如：Its kind to think so much of us.Its very nice to be so considerate

3、.Its unwise to turn down the proposal.It was careless to make such a mistake.优秀课件，精彩无限！41.主语和表语都是不定式（一个是条件，一是结果）：主语和表语都是不定式（一个是条件，一是结果）：To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.To do that would be to cut the foot to fit the shoe.2主语是以主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,intention,mistake,plan,proposal

4、,suggestion 等为中心词的名词词组，或以等为中心词的名词词组，或以 what 引导名词性从句，后面的不定式说明其内容：引导名词性从句，后面的不定式说明其内容：My idea is.My suggestion is.：在某些句型中，当主语部分有动作动词：在某些句型中，当主语部分有动作动词时，作时，作表语的不定式可以省略符号表语的不定式可以省略符号“”，如：如：All we have to do is.The only thing I can do now is.All I could do was.优秀课件，精彩无限！51“”。这类动词常见的。这类动词常见的有：有：afford,agr

5、ee,arrange,ask,choose,decide,expect,hope,learn,manage,offer,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,like,hate,prefer,continue,try,forget,mean,intend,等：等：Ive arranged.I didnt expect.2“”。（这种不。（这种不定式结构接近一个名词从句）。定式结构接近一个名词从句）。I dont know what to do/where to go/who(m)to ask/when to stop/how to get there.I haven

6、t decided whether to sell it or not.We must find out what to do next/where to put it.优秀课件，精彩无限！6注注：如果作宾语的不定式结构：如果作宾语的不定式结构有自己的补语有自己的补语，则应使，则应使用先行用先行 it，把把不定式后置不定式后置，例如：，例如：I find it difficult to understand him.We thought it wrong not to help her.They found it impossible to get everything ready in ti

7、me.注注：含有否定意义的带有介词：含有否定意义的带有介词 except 或或 but(=except)的结构中，的结构中，不定式结构作介词宾语不定式结构作介词宾语：He seldom comes except.The child nothing except.He will anything for you except.They could nothing but.优秀课件，精彩无限！71不定式作定语通常只能放在被修饰的名词之后，如：不定式作定语通常只能放在被修饰的名词之后，如：Its time.He is not a man.She usually has a lot of meetin

8、gs in the evening.2能带不定式结构作宾语的动词，转化成名词时往往也能带不定式结构作宾语的动词，转化成名词时往往也能带不定式结构作定语，如：能带不定式结构作定语，如：I dont wish to quarrel with you.I have no wish to quarrel with you.They will attempt to cross the river tonight.They will make another attempt to cross the river tonight.She promised not to do that again.She m

9、ade a promise not to do that again.优秀课件，精彩无限！83某些能带某些能带不定式结构作状语的形容词不定式结构作状语的形容词，转化成名，转化成名词时，也能带不定式结构作定语，如：词时，也能带不定式结构作定语，如：He was obviously anxious to go.His anxiety to go was obvious.4有时为了明确不定式结构的逻辑关系，可以在不有时为了明确不定式结构的逻辑关系，可以在不定式之前定式之前加上加上for+名词词组名词词组，如：，如：Heres a book for you to read.He gave orders

10、 for the visitors to be shown in.优秀课件，精彩无限！95不定式结构与所修饰的名词，有时意义上有着主不定式结构与所修饰的名词，有时意义上有着主谓关系或动宾关系，如：谓关系或动宾关系，如：He has a large family to support(=that he must support).注：处于动宾关系的情况下，如果不定式是注：处于动宾关系的情况下，如果不定式是，它后面应加上必要的它后面应加上必要的，如：，如：She has a lot of things to attend.The nurse has five children to look.Le

11、ts first find a room to put the things.优秀课件，精彩无限！10 不定式结构可以作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词等，不定式结构可以作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词等，表示表示等。等。They ran over.He bought a bicycle.不定式结构表示目的时，通常句子的不定式结构表示目的时，通常句子的主语就是它的主语就是它的逻辑主语逻辑主语(参见以上三句参见以上三句)，但也有，但也有例外例外的情况，例如：的情况，例如：He opened the door for the children to come in.He brought a porter

12、 to carry the boxes/bags.They sent a man to mend the window.He stood up to be seen better.优秀课件，精彩无限！11为了强调表示目的的不定式结构，在（为了强调表示目的的不定式结构，在（not）to 之前之前加上加上 in order 或或 so as，如：如：He came here to see Charlie.He went early not to miss the train.I turned the radio down not to disturb him.表目的的不定式可置于句首。但是，置于句

13、首表目的的不定式可置于句首。但是，置于句首表示目的的不定式之前可以加上表示目的的不定式之前可以加上in order，但却但却不可以不可以加上加上so as：To draw maps properly,you need a special pen.优秀课件，精彩无限！12What have I said to make you so angry?He came round to find himself in hospital.Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle/tell me the time?Im not such a fool a

14、s to believe that.The boy is old enough to go to school.His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters.优秀课件，精彩无限！13下列句子中的不表示结果，也无否定含下列句子中的不表示结果，也无否定含义：义：Im only too glad to go.(=Im very glad to go.)I shall be only too pleased to get home.(=I shall be very pleased to get home.)优秀课件，精彩无限！14 不定式结构

15、还能表示一个随后发生的动作，相当不定式结构还能表示一个随后发生的动作，相当于一个并列限定动词词组，表示结果，如：于一个并列限定动词词组，表示结果，如：She woke early.He got home.这种表示结果的不定式结构具有下列几个特点：这种表示结果的不定式结构具有下列几个特点：不定式所表示的动作是随后发生的，相当于一个限定不定式所表示的动作是随后发生的，相当于一个限定动词词组，如：动词词组，如：He arrived late to find the others had gone home.不定式根据是否需要停顿而决定与主句是否用逗号不定式根据是否需要停顿而决定与主句是否用逗号隔开。

16、隔开。He left his native country(,)never to return.优秀课件，精彩无限！15 不定式表结果往往含有不定式表结果往往含有“令人意想不到令人意想不到”的意味：的意味：He went home.不定式之前有时可不定式之前有时可加上加上only或或but only，以以加强语加强语气，气，如：如：He got to the station only to be told the train had gone.They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet.注：不定式结构表示结果或表示目的，往往形式相似

17、，注：不定式结构表示结果或表示目的，往往形式相似，这时，须根据词汇意义认真加以这时，须根据词汇意义认真加以区别区别，试比较：，试比较：He arrived late to find the others had gone home.(=He arrived late and found the others had gone home.)He arrived late to avoid meeting Robert.(=He arrived late in order to avoid meeting Robert.)优秀课件，精彩无限！16 She wept to hear the news

18、.I pretend to be happy to know him.He laughed to see such fun.She seemed surprised to meet us.优秀课件，精彩无限！17 表示表示“希望希望”“”“愿望愿望”等心理状态的动词，如：等心理状态的动词，如：wish,desire,expect,love,prefer,encourage,trust 等。等。What do you desire me?The director preferred her.含有含有“让让”“”“允许允许”“”“促使促使”“”“致使致使”等祈使意等祈使意义的动词，如：义的动词，如

19、：let,allow,permit,decide,mean,lead,bring,put,hurry,cause,等。等。We mustnt let this.His father put him.优秀课件，精彩无限！18 带有带有“请求请求”“”“恳求恳求”等等感情色彩感情色彩的动词，如：的动词，如：ask,desire,invite,beg,request,worry 等。等。He begged me.She was always worrying her father.含有含有“建议建议”“”“劝告劝告”等意义的动词，如：等意义的动词，如：advise,persuade,call on,

20、urge 等。等。He urged us.The dentist advised me.优秀课件，精彩无限！19 含有含有“命令命令”“”“强迫强迫”“”“禁止禁止”等意义的动词，如：等意义的动词，如：order,command,require,charge,tell,make,oblige,force,drive,forbid,warn 等。等。He required us.The doctor ordered him.I warn you.其他还有：其他还有：help,teach,show,assist,report,bear,wait for,train,depend on 等。等。He

21、 promised to teach me.We should train them.We are waiting for the train.优秀课件，精彩无限！20 Did you see anyone?Dont imagine yourself.We find him.He set the boys.Ill leave him.优秀课件，精彩无限！21有些动词用有些动词用与用与用作宾语补足语，作宾语补足语，所表达的意义是有差别的。所表达的意义是有差别的。不定式：不定式：表一次性动作或动作的完成（即全过程）；表一次性动作或动作的完成（即全过程）；现在分词现在分词：表示动作正在进行，即：谓语

22、动词所表示：表示动作正在进行，即：谓语动词所表示的动作发生时，现在分词所表示的动作正在进行，如：的动作发生时，现在分词所表示的动作正在进行，如：Did you see anyone enter the house?He saw his father talking with his teacher.I once heard him sing this song.She heard Mr.White singing in the next room.优秀课件，精彩无限！22 He observed someone open the door.I watched them get into the

23、 car.Did you notice him leave the room?如：如：He felt them to be right.Did you feel the earth shake?如：如：Do you often help your mother(to)do the housework?优秀课件，精彩无限！23如：如：The boss made them from morning till night.They were made from morning till night.例如：例如：Who heard him say that?They invited us to go

24、there this summer.如果不定式所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发如果不定式所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，这个不定式就要用生，这个不定式就要用，如：，如：Im glad to have seen your mother.优秀课件，精彩无限！241构成构成复合谓语复合谓语，如：，如：He is said to have written a new book about workers.(It is said that he has written a new book about workers.)The enemy was reported to have surre

25、ndered.(It was reported that the enemy had surrendered.)2在某些在某些作表语用的形容词后作状语作表语用的形容词后作状语，如：，如：You are lucky to have got tickets to the concert.(=You are lucky that you have got tickets to the concert.)Im sorry to have given you so much trouble.(=Im sorry I have given you so much trouble.)She was very

26、 glad to have done something for the people.优秀课件，精彩无限！253在某些动词在某些动词后作宾语后作宾语，如：，如：He pretended not to have seen me.I meant to have told you about it,but I forgot to do so.4有时还可以有时还可以作主语、定语或构成复合宾语作主语、定语或构成复合宾语，如：，如：It was a great satisfaction to have revisited our native village.（主语）主语）So you are the

27、one to have cleaned all these rooms.（定语）定语）They thought it a pity not to have invited her.（复合复合宾语）宾语）She felt it an honour to have taken part in the work.（复合宾语）复合宾语）优秀课件，精彩无限！261构成构成复合谓语复合谓语，如：，如：They are said to be building another bridge across the river.They seem to be getting along quite well.I

28、happened to be going that way too.2在某些动词后构成在某些动词后构成复合宾语复合宾语，如：，如：We didnt expect you to be waiting for us here.优秀课件，精彩无限！273在某些动词在某些动词后作宾语后作宾语，如：，如：He pretended to be listening attentively.4有时可以有时可以作主语或状语作主语或状语，如：，如：I am glad to be working with you.(状语状语)Its nice of you to be thinking of us.(主语主语)优秀

29、课件，精彩无限！28 They are said to have been collecting folk songs in Yunnan.She wished to have been training as hard as the others.Its a great pleasure to have been working with you.优秀课件，精彩无限！291作主语作主语：It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.2作宾语：作宾语：She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.3构成复合

30、宾语：构成复合宾语：He wanted the letter to be typed at once.She didnt like herself to be praised like that.优秀课件，精彩无限！304构成复合谓语：构成复合谓语：The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room.5作定语：作定语：Are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers office?6作状语：作状语：She was too young to be assigned such wo

31、rk.优秀课件，精彩无限！31 It is a good thing for him to have been criticized.（主语）主语）She preferred to have been given heavier work to do.(宾语宾语)）He thought it an honour to have been invited to the party.（复合宾语）复合宾语）The book is said to have been translated into many languages.（复合谓语）复合谓语）She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post.（定语）定语）