2023届高考英语二轮复习:英语阅读词句猜测题答题技巧(实用!).docx
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1、2023届高考英语二轮复习:英语阅读词句猜测题答题技巧答题技巧一 词语猜测题巧用线索猜词义词语猜测题主要考查考生猜测文章中某个单词或词块的含义,或考查该词(块)能被哪个单词或词块代替。此外,也会考查某一个熟词在具体语境中的特殊含义。近几年高考每套题一般考查一个小题,个别情况考查两个小题,主要考查以下几个方面:1.纲外陌生词(词块/习语);2.陌生派生词或合成词;3.熟词(词块)生义;4.有特殊含义的词块。技法一、利用构词法猜测词义构词法能够不借助阅读上下文便能够大体猜出词义,然后再结合语境猜测,这样事半功倍,而且具有双重保险,大大提高了解题效率和正确率。所以我们主张:可以利用构词法的,一定先利
2、用构词法,再结合语境解题。构词法主要有派生、合成和转化三种形式。例如2019年全国卷第25题:tug at the heartstrings中的heartstrings是合成词:heart(心)string(弦)heartstrings(心弦),故本单词可能与feeling有关。【典例1】(2020新高考卷阅读 B)The end of the school year was in sight and spirits were high.I was back teaching after an absence of 15 years, dealing with the various kind
3、s of “forbidden fruit” that come out of book bags.Now was the spring of the water pistol (手枪)I decided to think up a method of dealing with forbidden fruit.My imaginary Grandmas Box worked like magic that spring,and later.Sometimes students would ask me to describe all the things I had in it.Then I
4、would try to remember the different possessions I supposedly had taken awaysince I seldom actually kept them.Usually the_offender would appear at the end of the day, and I would return the belonging.25What do the underlined words “the offender” in paragraph 8 refer to?AThe students parent.BThe maker
5、 of the Grandmas Box.CThe authors grandchild.DThe owner of the forbidden fruit.【分析】利用构词法猜测词义。er为后缀,当其与动词缀合时,表示“做某事的人或物”;offend为动词,意为“违反;冒犯”,故offender有“犯规者,违反者”的含义。结合前文中出现的“forbidden fruit”,以及后文提到“return the belonging”,可推断犯规者指的是拥有前述forbidden fruit的人。故选D。技法二、利用上下文猜测词义这是最常见的方法,一定要先从画线词语最近的位置找起,要求理解句子的顺
6、序是:本句的意思前后句的意思本段和前后段的意思【典例2】(2021新高考卷阅读C)When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife.Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.Unfortunately, it took the explorers and t
7、he settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources.Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen.Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the everincreasing populations, greatly
8、 reducing waterfowl habitat (栖息地)29What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?AAcquire.BExport.CDestroy.DDistribute.【分析】利用上下文猜测词义。文章前两句说,当探险家们第一次踏上北美洲大陆时,天上和大地上有许多各种各样的野生动物。美洲土著人很聪明地保护了这些宝贵的自然资源。下一句中的unfortunately表示转折意义,由此推断,画线单词所在句“Unfortunately, it took the explorers and
9、the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources.”意思是“不幸的是,仅仅几十年后,探险家和定居者就毁灭了大部分资源。”也就是说,画线单词decimate意思是“破坏;毁灭(destroy) ”。首段最后两句“Millions of waterfowl.greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (栖息地)”进一步说明了“探险家和定居者对这里资源的破坏”。故选D。技法三、利用语法关系猜测词义【典例3】(2021全国甲卷阅读C)Southban
10、k, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing.I loved it.I soon made friends with the local skaters.We spoke our own language.And my favorite:Safe.Safe meant cool.It meant hello.It meant dont worry abo
11、ut it.Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam (横杆), I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up:Safe, man.Safe.A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting:“Safe!_Safe!_Safe!” And thats what matteredlanding
12、 tricks, being a good skater.29What do the underlined words “Safe!Safe!Safe!” probably mean?ABe careful!BWell done! CNo way!DDont worry!【分析】利用语法关系猜测词义。根据画线词后文的解释说明“And thats what matteredlanding tricks, being a good skater.”可知,作者掌握了滑板落地技巧,他的朋友大声欢呼,因此可以推出本句的Safe是赞美的含义。故选B。技法四、利用逻辑关系猜测词义【典例4】(2020新高考卷
13、阅读D)According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research,both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake.And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份),its the beanpoles with b
14、ig appetites you really need to avoid.13What does the underlined word“beanpoles”in paragraph 1 refer to?ABig eaters.BOverweight personsCPicky eaters.DTall thin persons.【分析】利用逻辑关系猜测词义。根据 “And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(
15、份),its the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.”,研究表明,与现存的研究发现(应该避免和食量大的胖人一起吃饭) 相反,你真正需要避开的是胃口大的又高又瘦的人。根据“contrary to”可知,画线词与heavier people含义相反。故选D。答题技巧二 代词猜测题就近原则找指代代词猜测题主要考查文章中的人称代词、不定代词、指示代词或关系代词所指代的内容。解答这类题目的时候一定要遵循就近原则,即:代词往上找,就近原则不能忘,找出离代词最近的名词、词组或句子等。【典例5】(2020浙江7月卷阅读B)The t
16、raffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue,Washington,generally dont flash the same length of green twice in a row,especially at rush hour.At 9:30 am,the full red/yellow/green signal cycle might be 140 seconds.By 9:33 am,a burst of additional traffic might push it to 145 seconds.Less traffi
17、c at 9:37 am could push it down to 135.Just like the traffic itself,the timing of the signals changes.That is by design.Bellevue,a fastgrowing city just east of Seattle,uses a system that is gaining popularity around the US:intersection(十字路口)signals that can adjust in real time to traffic conditions
18、.These lights,known as adaptive signals,have led to significant declines in both the trouble and cost of travels between work and home.25What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?AIncreased length of green lights.BShortened traffic signal cycle.CFlexible timing of traffic signals.
19、DSmooth traffic flow on the road.【分析】第一步确定题干中的关键信息:the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2第二步定位到原句,并找出该词所代替的内容:根据代词永远出现在原词之后的原则,故代词所指代的内容应在这一句的前面一句或者前面几个句子中。所以该词所代替的内容为:Just like the traffic itself,the timing of the signals changes.第三步综合判断得出答案:that指代第一段中的多变的交通信号灯时间。故选C。答题技巧三 句意猜测题意义吻合推句意句意猜测题一般出现在
20、前后文有解释的特殊含义的语句或高度概括句中,要求考生用合适的句子解释这一语句或这一语句的某一部分。锁定语句前后寻找,意义吻合是解题关键。【典例6】(2019浙江6月卷阅读B)Money with no strings attached.Its not something you see every day.But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read,“Give What You Can
21、,Take What You Need.”24What does the expression “money with no strings attached” in paragraph 1 mean?AMoney spent without hesitation.BMoney not legally made.CMoney offered without conditions.DMoney not tied together.【分析】第一步定位到原句,找出题干关键信息在原文中的位置:money with no strings attached第二步寻找信息句,找出与该句相关的信息句:“Giv
22、e What You Can,Take What You Need.”第三步分析选项,细读信息句,合理推断画线句的句意。综合判断得出画线句的意思应该是“无条件提供钱”。第四步仔细比对选项,“Money offered without conditions.”符合句意。故选C。精做模拟考题(2021无锡市高三调研)Having met only weeks before, climbers Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay shook hands before hugging each other in a moment that would put their
23、 names in history books forever.They were on top of the worldliterally.After five hours of continuous climbing the two first climbed to the top of Mount Qomolangma, the highest spot on earth.As the ultimate climbing goal for them both and the dream of most climbers, they had just 15 minutes to absor
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