全新版大学英语4综合教程Unit5课件.ppt

1、Unit FiveCrueltyCrueltyObjectives:Objectives:Students will be able to:Students will be able to:u grasp the main idea and the structure grasp the main idea and the structure of the textof the textu get the knowledge about how to read get the knowledge about how to read fictionfictionu master the key

2、language points and master the key language points and grammatical structures in the textgrammatical structures in the textu conduct a series of reading,conduct a series of reading,listening,speaking and writing listening,speaking and writing activities related to the theme of activities related to

3、the theme of the unitthe unitHow to read fictionHow to read fiction Every work of fiction,either a novel or a Every work of fiction,either a novel or a short story,has two levels of meanings:the short story,has two levels of meanings:the literal or surface meaning and the deeper literal or surface m

4、eaning and the deeper meaning underlying the human experience of meaning underlying the human experience of the story.the story.Literal meaningLiteral meaning plot plot setting setting characters characters point of view point of viewHow to read fictionHow to read fiction 1.PLOT1.PLOT The action tha

5、t takes place in the story.It The action that takes place in the story.It is a series of connected happenings and their is a series of connected happenings and their result.The stages of plot usually goes like result.The stages of plot usually goes like the following:the following:Rising Action Clim

6、axResolution ConflictHow to read fictionHow to read fiction 2.SETTING2.SETTING he background against which the he background against which the incidents of the story take place.incidents of the story take place.Not merely a place,it includes the Not merely a place,it includes the place where,the tim

7、e when,and place where,the time when,and social conditions under which the social conditions under which the story moves along.story moves along.How to read fictionHow to read fiction 3.3.CHARACTERSCHARACTERS The personsThe persons who initiate or go who initiate or go through the events of the plot

8、.through the events of the plot.Their qualities emerge and your Their qualities emerge and your understanding of them develops understanding of them develops as the story progresses.as the story progresses.How to read fictionHow to read fiction 4.POINT OF VIEWPOINT OF VIEW The position from which th

9、e writer views The position from which the writer views his or her subjects.There are two common his or her subjects.There are two common points of view in telling stories:points of view in telling stories:Third-person narration:Third-person narration:most writers use most writers use the third-pers

10、on,that is,the third-person,that is,he,she,or he,she,or theythey First-person narration:First-person narration:stories told by the stories told by the first-person narrator first-person narrator“I I”.The narration,.The narration,as a result,is limited to the observations,as a result,is limited to th

11、e observations,feelings,and behavior of this character.feelings,and behavior of this character.How to read fictionHow to read fiction Usually stories do more than show Usually stories do more than show characters in a particular place and time.characters in a particular place and time.Most serious s

12、tories develop a Most serious stories develop a themetheme,a,a deep meaning underlying the surface of deep meaning underlying the surface of the story.And the key to understanding the story.And the key to understanding the second level of meaning is the second level of meaning is experience experien

13、ce experienceexperience in living and in living and experience in reading fiction.experience in reading fiction.How to read fictionHow to read fiction Short Stories CharacteristicsCharacteristicslShortShort Can usually be read in one sitting.lConciseConcise Information offered in the story is releva

14、nt to the tale being told.This is unlike a novel,where the story can diverge from the main plot.lUsually tries to leave behind a single single impression impression or effecteffect.That means the story is,though not always,built around one character,place,idea,or act.How to read fictionHow to read f

15、iction Short StoriesCharacteristicsCharacteristicsl Because they are concise,writers depend on the reader bringing personal personal experiencesexperiences and prior knowledgeprior knowledge to the story.How can people be so heartless?How can people be so cruel?Easy to be hard,easy to be cold How ca

16、n people have no feelings?How can they ignore their friends?Easy to be proud,easy to say no Especially people who care about strangers,Who care about evil and social injustice.Do you only care about bleeding crowd?How about a needing friend?I need a friend.How can people be so heartless?Easy to be h

17、ard,easy to be coldEasy to be proud,easy to say no Easy to Be HardEasy to Be HardQuestions for DiscussionQuestions for Discussion Do some people care too much for people in general but forget the needs of their closest friends?Why do some people tend to be heartless and cruel?Were they born that way

18、 or did circumstances harden them?Three-Character ClassicThree-Character Classic 人之初人之初 性本善性本善 性相近性相近 习相远习相远 Men at their birth,are Men at their birth,are naturally good.Their natures naturally good.Their natures are much the same;their habits are much the same;their habits become widely different.b

19、ecome widely different.Lead-in ActivityLead-in ActivityRanking activity1.What are the determining forces in 1.What are the determining forces in shaping human nature?shaping human nature?genes,family,parenting,genes,family,parenting,schooling,peers,socioeconomic schooling,peers,socioeconomic factors

20、factors2.Work in groups to rank these 2.Work in groups to rank these forces in descending order of forces in descending order of importance and also explain why.importance and also explain why.3.Each group should have a group 3.Each group should have a group leader to report the result of the leader

21、 to report the result of the discussion to the class.discussion to the class.Which is more important in shaping Which is more important in shaping a persons character?a persons character?Nature NurtureInternal CausesExternal CausesRanking activity the determining forces in shaping human nature:?Natu

22、re VS.Nurture v Genes Genesv Family Familyv Parenting Parentingv Schooling Schoolingv Peers Peersv Socioeconomic Socioeconomic factorsfactorsv A FRIEND IN NEEDA FRIEND IN NEEDSomerset MaughamSomerset MaughamCOMMENTS comments Comments on the writing technique Comments on the human nature and nurture

23、Comments on the title Comments on the narrators Comments on the theme This text is a piece of persuasive writing.Maugham uses narration-a story within a storyas his technique to convince the reader of his point of view.Narration*DefinitionDefinition *NarratorNarrator *Types of narrators Types of nar

24、rators Narration refers to the way that a story is told,and so belongs to the level of discourse.A narrator is,within any story,the person who conveys the story to the audience.When the narrator is also a character within the story,he or she is sometimes known as the viewpoint character.The narrator

25、(or the archaic female equivalent,narratress)is one of three entities responsible for story-telling of any kind.The others are the author and the audience;the latter called the reader when referring specifically to literature.All narrators present their story from one of the following perspectives(c

26、alled narrative modes):*first-person*third-person The narrative employed in this piece of writing is not in the usual chronological order but flashback is used.Burtons nature and nurture Please find some words about Burtons nurture.neatly,quietly-dressed,popular,Kindliness,gentle,benign,mild,pleasin

27、g Like a angel Nature Which sentences reveal Burtons vicious nature to the full?Paragraph 16;well,isnt there anything you can do except play card?Ill take you back to the club to dressand then well have lunch together!well,I hadnt got a vacancy in my office at the moment.”Mild chuckle and kind and c

28、andid blue eyes Hypocritical,cold-blooded,vicious,cruel Like a devilComments on the title A friend in need Upon first seeing the title,you may think:Oh,no.Another story about how people helped their friend in need!when they finish reading it,you will find it is an entirely different story:Those who

29、appear to be friendly may turn out to be so evil-minded as to be ready to strike a cruel blow at a friend in need.narrators Who narrates Parts I and II,and who narrates Part III?Why is there such a difference?Part I and Part II are narrated by I,who offers his subjective opinion of Burtons character

30、.Yet in Part III,Burton himself takes over the narration to tell what happened between him and a friend in trouble.He sounds cool and objective;just because of this he is shown to be so vicious and so cold-blooded.Subjective opinions Make us closer to Burton;from his own word we can find what kind o

31、f person he is,not just from his appearance.Make a contrast;support themeComments on the theme The theme:to the authors part,first impressions of a person are often more wrong than right.So a friend in need may not be a friend indeed.Choose your friends prudently.ContentsContents1.1.About the author

32、 About the author 2.2.Questions about Text AQuestions about Text A3.3.Understanding Text AUnderstanding Text A4.4.Text AnalysisText Analysis5.5.Writing AnalysisWriting Analysis6.6.Useful ExpressionsUseful Expressions7.7.Word StudyWord Study8.8.Information about Text BInformation about Text B9.9.Assi

33、gnmentAssignment1.About the author1.About the author Somerset MaughamSomerset Maugham (1874-1965):(1874-1965):an English writer considered to be an English writer considered to be one of the best writers of one of the best writers of short stories in the English short stories in the English language

34、.He also wrote plays and language.He also wrote plays and novels.His novels and short novels.His novels and short stories are characterized by great stories are characterized by great narrative facility,simplicity of narrative facility,simplicity of style,and a disillusioned and style,and a disillus

35、ioned and ironic point of view.ironic point of view.Somerset Maugham was born in Paris.Somerset Maugham was born in Paris.He learned French as his native language.At He learned French as his native language.At the age of 10,Maugham was orphaned and the age of 10,Maugham was orphaned and sent to Engl

36、and to live with his uncle.Maugham sent to England to live with his uncle.Maugham then studied medicine in London for six years.then studied medicine in London for six years.He qualified in 1897 as He qualified in 1897 as doctor from St.Thomas doctor from St.Thomas medical school but medical school

37、but abandoned medicine abandoned medicine after the success of after the success of his first novels and his first novels and plays.plays.Maugham lived in Paris for ten Maugham lived in Paris for ten years as a struggling young years as a struggling young author.His first novel,author.His first nove

38、l,Liza of Liza of LambethLambeth appeared in 1897,and appeared in 1897,and drew on his experiences of drew on his experiences of attending women in childbirth.attending women in childbirth.His first play,His first play,A Man of HonorA Man of Honor,was produced in 1903.Four of was produced in 1903.Fo

39、ur of his plays ran simultaneously in his plays ran simultaneously in London in 1904.Maughams London in 1904.Maughams breakthrough novel was the semi-breakthrough novel was the semi-autobiographyautobiography Of Human BondageOf Human Bondage人性的枷锁人性的枷锁 (1915),which is(1915),which is usually considere

40、d his usually considered his outstanding achievement.outstanding achievement.2.Questions about the text2.Questions about the text?What event inspires our narrator to What event inspires our narrator to tell this story?tell this story?What kind of person is Edward Hyde What kind of person is Edward H

41、yde Burton?Burton?What is the function of Mr.Turner in What is the function of Mr.Turner in this story?Is it effective?What are this story?Is it effective?What are other possible ways one might provide other possible ways one might provide the same effect in a story?the same effect in a story?Is the

42、re a surprise ending in this Is there a surprise ending in this story?Why or why not?story?Why or why not?2.Questions about the text2.Questions about the text?What is the theme of this story?Support What is the theme of this story?Support your answer.your answer.?Are there any examples of irony in t

43、his Are there any examples of irony in this story?Explain.story?Explain.?Are there examples of foreshadowing in Are there examples of foreshadowing in this story?Explain.this story?Explain.3.Understanding the Text3.Understanding the TextPart One(Para.1)Part One(Para.1)Main Idea:Main Idea:Function:Fu

44、nction:It is not easy job to judge people,for It is not easy job to judge people,for they arent always what they appear to they arent always what they appear to be.be.To raise a puzzle for readers to think To raise a puzzle for readers to think about.about.Language Points:Language Points:lshrug my s

45、houlders:shrug my shoulders:to raise the shoulders,to raise the shoulders,especially as a gesture especially as a gesture of doubt,lack of respect,of doubt,lack of respect,or indifference.or indifference.or:say sth.with a shrugsay sth.with a shrug3.Understanding the Text3.Understanding the TextPart

46、Two(Para.2-3)Part Two(Para.2-3)Main Idea:Main Idea:Function:Function:Kind and gentle,Edward Burton,a Kind and gentle,Edward Burton,a wealthy merchant,appeared as if he wealthy merchant,appeared as if he could not bear to hurt a fly.could not bear to hurt a fly.To leave a deep impression to readers T

47、o leave a deep impression to readers what kind of person Burton looks like.what kind of person Burton looks like.Language Points:Language Points:“both in appearance and manner he suggested a both in appearance and manner he suggested a very definite type”very definite type”无论是外表还是风度，他都无论是外表还是风度，他都让人

48、想到一种非常明确的类型。让人想到一种非常明确的类型。suggest:suggest:to make someone think that a particular to make someone think that a particular thing is truething is true synsyn.indicate.indicate e.g.Trends in spending and investment e.g.Trends in spending and investment suggest a gradual economic recovery.suggest a grad

49、ual economic recovery.evidence/results/data/studies etc suggest(s)evidence/results/data/studies etc suggest(s)thatthat e.g.Opinion polls suggest that only 10%of e.g.Opinion polls suggest that only 10%of the population trusts the government.the population trusts the government.3.Understanding the Tex

50、t3.Understanding the TextPart Three(Para.4-51)Part Three(Para.4-51)Main Idea:Main Idea:Function:Function:As it turned out,Burton was cold-As it turned out,Burton was cold-blooded enough to send a friend to blooded enough to send a friend to certain death.certain death.To reveal Burrtons real persona