仁爱版英语八年级下册-Unit6-Topic1-第六单元1话题复习课件.pptx

1、动词不定式动词不定式(一)定义：动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，所谓非谓语动词就是不作不作谓语，没有人称和数的变化。通常前面带有to,其基本形式由“to+动词原形”构成，有时to也可以省略。(1)不定式的肯定式:to do(2)不定式的否定式:not to do （解释：变否定句就是在（解释：变否定句就是在to的前面加的前面加not)(3)动词不定式在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语和状语。如：1.Grammar 语法语法知识1.不定式 to do功能功能例句例句作主语作主语Its important for us to learn Engl

2、ish well.To see is to believe.作表语作表语The best way to raise money is to sell flowers.作宾语作宾语We decide to take the train.作宾补作宾补Miss Wang asked Kangkang to book the tickets.作定语作定语I have some exciting news to tell you.作状语作状语Why dont we put on a show to raise money?动词不定式：1.作主语作主语 动词不定式作主语时，为了保持句子平衡，常用it作形式

3、主语形式主语，而将真正将真正的主语的主语动词不定式后置后置。其常用句型为:Its+adj.+(of/for sb.)to do sthe.g._ the environment.“保护环境对于我们来说是很重要的。”_ “你帮助我真是太好了Its important for us to protect Its kind of you to help me.讲解：for 与of 的区别。如果句子中作表语的形容词表示事物事物的性质，如important,necessary,possible,easy,difficult,hard,heavy等，用for引出；如果句中的形容词表示人人的特征、品德或意愿

4、,如 kind,honest,careless,lazy,stupid,clever,foolish,polite,bad等，则用of 引出。e.g.Its kind of you to help me.e.g.Its difficult(for us)to learn foreign languages.2.To learn foreign languages is difficult To learn English well is not easy.解释：（动词不定试作主语是，谓语动词用三人称单数形式三人称单数形式）。2.作表语作表语动词不定式可作表语，说明主语的具体内容。也常表示将来的

5、动作，主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词。如wish,dream,idea,task,purpose,duty,job等。e.g.My dream is to become a pilot in the future.我的梦想就是将来当一名飞行员。The most important thing is to save the boy first.最重要的事情是先救那个男孩。The best way to raise money is _.“筹钱的最好方法就是卖报纸。”to sell newspapers3.不定式作宾语不定式作宾语（1）动词不定式作及物动词及物动词的宾语，常用的及物动词有：Be

6、gin,want,hope,forget,remember,like,love,need,try,ask,learn,wish,agree,choose,start,plan,decide,refuse 等。e.g.I like to watch TV.我喜欢看电视。He wants to swim.他想要游泳。I plan to visit Hangzhou next month.我打算下个月去杭州参观。解释：（及物动词后面才能直接跟宾语。不及物动词后面不能直接跟宾语，需要跟介词才能直接跟宾语。）(2)在find,think等后跟动词不定式作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语动词不定

7、式后置。e.g._“我发现画画很有趣。I find it interesting to draw pictures.4.作宾语补足语作宾语补足语(1)一些动词后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语,这类动词有 advise,ask,invite,order,teach,tell,want,like,wish,allow等.句型结构：s.+v.+sb.(not)to do sthe.g:He asked me to clean up the park.他叫我去打扫公园。My father taught me to ride a bike last year.我爸爸去年教我骑自行车。He asked me

8、not to clean up the park.他叫我不去打扫公园。Tell the children not to play on the road.告诉孩子们不要在马路上玩。(2)使役动词(如make,let,have等)及感官动词(如see,hear,feel,watch等)后常跟不带不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。e.g.The teacher let him(not)do the homework.老师(不)让他做作业。e.g.I often see him play basketball on the playground after school.解释（不带不带to的不定式就

9、直接直接在动词原形前面加加上not。）（3）作动词help 的宾语补足语，不定式to 可带可不带。e.g.Could you help me(to)carry the bag?你能不能帮我提包？5.作定语作定语 动词不定式作定语,通常放在所修饰词之后之后。它与所修饰的词可以是主谓关系，也可以是动宾关系。说明被修饰词的特征。e.g.Would you like something _?你想要一些吃的东西吗？He has something important to do.他有重要事情要做 He gave me an interesting book to read.他给我一本有趣的书看温馨提示：

10、动词不定式与所修饰的词为动宾关系，且动词为不及物动词时，后面要加上相应的介词介词。e.g.I need a pen _.“我需要一支钢笔写字。”to eatto write withHe wants to find a chair to sit on.他想找把椅子坐。解释：（当被修饰的词是它的逻辑宾语时，则不定式动词必须是及物动词。如果不定式动词是不及物动词，就要必要的介词，使其构成及物的短语动词。）下列词语后常接动词不定式作定语。chance,wish,time,way,the first,need,the only,the second,the last,right,promise等。e.

11、g.He has no time to see the film.他没有时间去看电影。6.作状语。作状语。不定式用作状语主要表示目的目的、结果结果和原因原因，其逻辑主语通常要和句子的主语一致主语一致。(1)用作目的状语目的状语He went to see his teacher this morning.今天上午他去看望他的老师了。(2)用作结果状语结果状语The police searched the room to find nothing.They were too excited to say a word.他们太激动了以至于说不出话来。(3)用作原因状语原因状语Im sorry to

12、 hear your mother is ill.听到你妈妈生病了我很难过。She cried to hear the noise in the next room.7.动词不定式的否定形式。动词不定式的否定形式。不定式的否定式否定式是在不定式符号是在不定式符号to前加前加not或者或者never，即构成not to do 或或 never to do。I decided not to ask him again.我决定不再问他了。He told me not to open the door.他让我别开门。Take care not to break the glass.小心别把玻璃杯打碎了

13、。I promise never to smoke again.我保证再也不抽烟了。【温馨提示】不带不带to的不定式就直接直接在动词原形前面前面加加上not。如：The teacher made us not play computer games in class.老师让我们不要在课堂上玩游戏。8.动词不定式短语可以和疑问词动词不定式短语可以和疑问词what，which，how，where,when等连用。等连用。即：疑问词who,which,what,when,how,where+to do。what to dohow to do it e.g.Can you tell me what t

14、o say at the meeting?I dont know what to do.我不知道该做什么1.-Why are you going to Guilin?-I plan _ the beautiful mountains and clean water A.seeB.seeingC.sawD.to see2.Its nice of you _ me with my English.A.for help B.to helpC.helpingD.helped3.His mother told him _ on the street.Its dangerous.A.to playB.no

15、t play C.to not playD.not to play4.The little boy was _ frightened _ he couldnt say a word.A.too;toB.enough;toC.so;thatD.such;that5.My pen is lost.I have no pen _.A.writeB.to write C.to write with D.to write onDo exercise6.Mother asked me computer games before finishing my homework.A.didnt play B.no

16、t play C.cant play D.not to play7.My job is computers.A.to sellingB.sell C.to sell D.sold8.The teacher often tells us much time TV.A.not to spend,watch C.not to spend,watching B.to not spend,watching D.dont spend,watch9.-What should I do,doctor?-healthy,you should take more exercise.A.Keep B.Keeping

17、 C.To keep D.Kept10.Its kind you the old people.A.of;to help B.for;to help C.of;helping D.for;helping1.I have exciting news (tell)you.2.It is very common (raise)money in Canadian and American schools.3.I want (make)a hotel reservation.4.The best way to raise money is (sell)newspaper.5.Helen helps us

18、 (book)the train tickets.6.The funny man made us (laugh).7.Lets (decide)on the best way to go there.8.I dont know how (get)to the station.to raise to tell to make to sell(to)book laugh decideto get 1.I have some exciting news to tell you.我有一些激动人心的消息要告诉你们。to tell you 是动词不定式短语，作定语。动词不定式作定语时常放在被修饰的名词或代

19、词之后。e.g.I have nothing to talk about.我没什么要说的。2.2.重点知识点讲解重点知识点讲解Section A2.For our spring field trip,were going on a three-day visit to Mount Tai.这次春游活动，我们将要去泰山三天。spring field trip 春游；1)go on a visit意为意为“去旅游去旅游”，visit作作名词名词表示参观，旅游表示参观，旅游。visitor n.访客 visit 作作动词动词，意为，意为“探望，拜访探望，拜访；参观，游览参观，游览”。2)a thre

20、e-day visit意为意为“一次三天一次三天的的旅游旅游”，three-day是是复合形容词复合形容词，作，作定语定语，其结构，其结构为为：数词数词+连字符连字符+单数名单数名词词。a three-day visit=three days visita three-day visit“为期三天的旅行”数词-名词单数的短语有：_“两个月的假期”_“一个18岁的男孩”_“百米赛跑”a two-month holiday an eighteen-year-old boya 100-meter race 3）go on a visit to+地点 去某地旅游/参观；e.g.We went on a

21、 visit to The Great Wall last term.上学期我们去长城参观了。3.Sounds exciting!听起来太令人激动了！Sounds exciting!=It sounds exciting!sound是系动词，后面加形容词，构成系表结构。4.Lets make the decision together.让我们一起来做个决定。make the decision做个决定；decision 作名词，意为“决定”，其的动词是decide。常用结构：decide to do sth.决定做某事=make the decision to do sth；e.g.He mad

22、e the decision to look for a new job。=He decided to look for a new job.他决定去找份新工作。5.Lets find out some information about the cost.让我们去查查有关付费用的资料吧。1）find out 发现，查出真相；e.g.Can you find out the truth about it?你能查出事情的真相吗？区分find,find out,look for：A.find找到,发现，通常指找到或发现具体的东西，强调找的结果。e.g.I cant find my shoes.我找

23、不到鞋子了。B.find out找出,发现,查明，多指通过调查询问、打听、研究之后“搞清楚,弄明白查出真相”，通常含有困难曲折的过程。e.g.We may never find out the truth about what happened.C.look for寻找，是有目的地找，强调“寻找”这一动作。e.g.Im looking for my keys.I cant find them.我在寻找我的钥匙。我找不到它们。6.Ill ask the airline over the phone.我将打电话问问航空公司。此句还可说成Ill phone and ask the airline.这

24、里的phone作动词，意为“打电话”。phone sb.=call sb.=ring sb.up 打电话给某人；phone既可作动词，也可作名词，意为“电话，电话机”。e.g.May I use the phone in your office?我可以借用你办公室的电话吗?I will phone you,if I go to the library.如果我去图书馆，我就打电话给你。7.Bring your information tomorrow and well decide on the best way to travel on our field trip.明天把你们查到的资料带来，

25、我们再决定最好的春游方式。A.decide on/upon sth 决定，选定某物；decide作动词e.g.Were trying to decide on a school.我们正在设法选定一个学校。B.decide to do sth.决定要做某事；e.g.He decides to visit the Mount Huang this summer holiday.暑假他决定要参观黄山。2）the best way to do.做的最好方式，这里的动词作前面名词的定语。e.g.The best way to keep healthy is to do more exercises.保持

26、健康的最好方式是多做运动。8.Its too far to cycle 太远了不能骑车去。too+adj.+to do sth.：“太而不能”我弟弟太小了，不能去上学：My little brother is too young to go to school.11.How long does it cost to get to Mount Tai by？乘去泰山要花多长时间？How much does it take to go there by?乘去那里要花多少钱？12.Where do you plan to visit?你计划去哪儿参观？plan作动词，意为“计划”。常用结构:plan

27、 to do sth.。plan还可以作名词，意为“计划”。常用短语有：make a plan(for sth.)（为某事）制定计划；have a plan 有一个计划；e.g.We plan to go to America this year.我们打算今年去美国。Youd better make a plan for the new term.你最好为新学期制定一个计划。13.How much does it cost to get there?到那儿花费了多少钱？cost在这里作动词，意为“花费”，其主语是物。常用结构：sth.+costs+sb.+sth.+to do sth.e.g.

28、It cost me ten yuan to buy a hamburger.我花了十块钱买一个汉堡。cost还可以作名词，意为“费用，花费，价钱”。e.g.They cant afford the high cost of housing.他们负担不起住房的高昂费用。区别cost,take,spend,pay：cost的主语是物或某种活动，常用结构：sth+costs+(sb.)金钱，某物花了(某人)多少钱；e.g.A new computer costs (me)a lot of money.买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。take的主语是物，It+takes+sb时间to do sth.做某事

29、花了某人多少时间；e.g.It took them three years to build this road.他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。pay的主语必须是人，常用于以下结构：(1)sb+pay+money+for sth.付钱(给某人)买；e.g.I paid 10 yuan for the book.(2)pay for sth.付的钱；e.g.I have to pay for the book lost.我不得不赔丢失的书款。spend的主语必须是人，常用于以下结构：(1)sb+spend+time/money+on sth.在上花费时间(金钱)；e.g.I spent two

30、hours on this maths problem.这道数学题花了我两个小时。(2)sb+spend+time/money+(in)doing sth.花费时间(金钱)做某事；e.g.They spent two years(in)building this bridge.造这座桥花了他们两年时间。四个花费四个花费 spend,pay,take,cost spent sth spent sth paid sth took sb sth cost sb sth cost sb SbSbSbItIt sth(in)doing onfor to do to do Do exercise1.-Ho

31、w much is your bag?-It me 68 yuan.A.cost B.took C.spent D.takes2.I dont like reading novels,because it will me too much time to finish it.A.spent B.took C.paid D.take3.It him 30 yuan the ticket Titanic.【2018十八期中】A.takes;buying;on B.paid;for;buying at C.cost;to buy;to4.We 100 yuan the train ticket.【2

32、018 三牧期中】A.spent;in B.cost;to C.paid;on D.spent;on1.What will your parents do during the holiday?They will go on _ a visit to Beijing.A.seven days B.seven-daysC.seven-day D.seven-days2.My parents are trying to _ a suitable high school for me.A.decide on B.decide to C.depend on D.look up3.The foreign

33、 visitors are looking forward to _ Beijing Opera at Haidian Theater.A.watchB.watches C.watching D.watched4.Whats the price of the movie ticket?We have tickets _￥35 _ the front seat.A.at;forB.at;in C.on;for D.on;in1.Mrs.Lee 25 thousand yuan on the watch.2.How much did the new car your father?3.She 5

34、hundred yuan for the meal.4.It them more than one year to finish that building.spentcostpaidtookSection B 1.Kangkang is booking train tickets to Mountain Tai.康康正预订到泰山的火车票。句中的book是动词，意为“订票，预订”，相当于order。order/book a room for sb./sth.为订房间；e.g.We want to book some rooms for 14th.我们想预订一些14号那天的房间2.The tra

35、in leaves at 11:15 a.m.And arrives at Taishan Railway Station at 6:17.火车上午11：15出发，下午6：17抵达泰山火车站。1）arrive in 和arrive at 都有到达的意思，但两者是有区别的：arrive at+较小的地点名词，如school,park,zoo.arrive in+较大的地点名词，如Beijing,ShangHai e.g.He will arrive at school soon.他很快就要到达学校啦。e.g.She has arrived in NanJing yesterday.她昨天就到南京

36、了。2）get to+地点 到达某地 get to与home/there/here地点副词搭配,介词to应省略。如get there到达那里 arrive here 到达那里3）reach+地点 到达某地 reach here 达到那里3.We have tickets at￥145 for the hard sleeper and￥224 for the soft sleeper.我们有硬卧票145元，软卧票224元。1）句中的介词at意为“以，在”，一般用于表示价格、比率、年龄、速度等词的前面。e.g.He is driving at 70 mph.他正以时速70英里的速度驾车行驶。2）句

37、中的for意为“供，适合于”。e.g.Id like to book 21 tickets for the hard sleeper.我要订21张硬卧票。21 tickets for the hard sleeper=21 hard sleeper ticketshard sleeper硬卧；soft sleeper软卧。hard adj.坚硬的，坚固的。4.Please pay for the tickets before 5:30 p.m.请在5：30之前付款。A.pay for支付的费用；e.g.I have to pay for the damage.我不得不赔偿损失。B.pay fo

38、r sb.to do sth.付钱给某人做某事；e.g.Her parents paid for her to go to America.她的父母支付她去美国的费用。C.pay some money for sth.花多少钱买某物；e.g.I paid￥80 for the ticket.我花了80元买这张票。5.We have rooms with a bathroom,TV,fridge and air conditioner.我们有带浴室、电视、冰箱、空调的房间。with a bathroom 中的with意为“带有”，作状语。e.g.Its a new house with a be

39、autiful garden.这是一幢带有漂亮花园的新房子。with 的反义词：without.不带有，没有。e.g.He went to school without breakfast.他没有吃早餐就去上学了。Section C1.Borrow money from friends.从朋友那儿借钱。borrow sth.from sb.从某人中借来某事物，相对于主语来说是借进来东西。e.g.Can I borrow some books from you?我能从你那儿借些书吗？lend sth.to sb.把某物借给某人。相对于主语来说是借出去。e.g.Can you lend your

40、pen to me?你能把你的铅笔借给我吗？2.Give a show.演出；A.give a show演出，作秀；e.g.The actors can give a show in a few minutes after they arrive.演员到达后，几分钟内就会演出。B.give sb.a show 给某人展示；e.g.Lets give our teachers a good show.让我们给我们的老师们一个良好的展示吧。3.Its very common to raise money in Canadian and American schools.在加拿大和美国的学校里筹钱是

41、很正常的。raise money 筹钱；e.g.We can raise the money ourselves.我们可以自己筹钱。4.It costs each student one dollar to buy a ticket for the draw.每一个学生花一美元便可买到一张抽奖的票。1）A.each 作主语，谓语用单数。e.g.Each of the students spends one dollar buying a ticket.每个学生花一美元买一张票。B.each 用于单数名词前，作定语，谓语用单数。e.g.Each student has their own e-m

42、ail address.每个学生都有自己的邮箱地址。C.用于复数主语后，作主语同位语，谓语用复数。e.g.They each have their own e-mail address.他们有自己的邮箱地址。A.draw既可作名词也可作动词，作名词时，意为“抽签”。e.g.The draw for the second round of the World Cup 世界杯足球赛第二轮抽签；B.draw作动词时，意为“抽签”。其过去式和过去分词分别是：drew,drawn。e.g.Before playing cards we drew for partners.我们在玩纸牌之前，用抓牌的方式决

43、定游戏伙伴。C.draw 作动词，还可以意为“绘画”。e.g.I can draw.我会画画。5.So we decided to take the train.所以我们决定搭火车。take 在此处意为“乘坐（某物）；搭乘（某种交通工具）；e.g.take the train 搭火车；take a bus 搭公交车；take a plane搭飞机；take the subway 搭地铁；B.take v.带走，拿走；e.g.Im taking the children for a swim later.我一会儿要带孩子们去游泳。6.Many of us didnt have enough mo

44、ney,so Michael advised us to raise money,such as putting on a show,and selling flowers and old books.我们中许多人没有足够的前，因此迈克尔建议我们做一些筹钱活动，比如办展览、卖花、旧书1.enough作形容词，意思是足够的;充分的，常与for或不定式连用，可以作定语或表语。作定语置于被修饰的名词之前。e.g.I hope there are enough glasses for each guest.enough作副词的意思是 十分地;充分地;足够地;充足地，置于被修饰的形容词或副词之后，常与不

45、定式或介词for连用，在句子中作状语，表示程度。e.g.This article is difficult enough to write.这篇文章够难写得了。2.advise 动词.建议，advise sb.to do sth.建议某人做某事；名词advice是不可数名词。suggestion 可数名词 suggest 动词 建议e.g.I advised her to lose weight,but she didnt take my advice.我建议她减肥，但是她不接受我的建议。3.A.raise 动词“筹集，召集”。raise an army 招募军队；raise money 筹钱

46、；e.g.We are raising money for the project Hope.我们正在为希望工程筹钱。B.raise 动词“饲养，种植”。raise cows 养牛；raise corn 种植玉米；e.g.We raise some ducks on the farm.我们在农场养了些鸭子。C.raise 动词 还可以意为”提升，举起，提起“，是一个及物动词（vt.)，后面必须接宾语。rise也表示“升起”，但其是不及物动词（vi.），后面不能加宾语，需加介词才能接宾语。e.g.He raised a hand in greeting.他扬起手致敬。（人为地让事物升高）The

47、sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。（事物自身可以升高，如太阳东升,河水上涨.4.put on 动词在这里意为“上演，上映”，还可以意为“穿上”。e.g.The local drama group are putting on“Sister Jiang”at the Capital Theater.当地的剧团正在首都剧场演出江姐.What dress shall I put on for the meeting?我穿什么衣服去开会?7.Im looking forward to hearing from you.我盼望着收到你的来信。look forward to do

48、ing sth“期待，盼望做某事”，to是介词，后面接名词或动名词e.g.Im really looking forward to our vacation.我非常期待假期的到来。hear from sb.意为“收到的来信”。=get a letter from sb=receive a letter from sb.hear of/about 听说e.g.I didnt hear from my parents until now.I miss them very much.直到现在我才收到父母的来信，我非常想念他们。8.The best way to raise money is to s

49、ell newspapers.最好的筹钱方式是卖报纸。句中有两个动词不定式短语to raise money 和to sell newspapers 它们在句中分别作定语和表语。to raise money意为“筹钱”，修饰名词way。如果把上面的句子倒过来则变为：To sell newspapers is the best way to raise money.这时动词不定式短语to sell newspapers 作主语。sell 动词，意为“出售，售卖。”其反义词为：buy 买。常用结构：sell sth.to sb.e.g.Do you sell stamps?你这儿卖邮票吗？I sol

50、d my car to James for$800.我把我的汽车以800美元的价格转让给了詹姆斯。Section D1.But the most interesting thing for me was to take photos.但是对于我来说最有趣的事情是照相。to take photos 不定式短语在此句中作表语。e.g.My job is to teach you English.我的工作就是教你们英语。take photos 照相；2.On the third day of our trip,we climbed Mount fuji.在我们旅行的第三天，我们怕了富士山。On th