高中英语人教版必修一知识总结.doc

1、高中英语必修一知识总结Welcome UnitPart one Vocabulary1.exchange n.交换；交流 vt.交换；交流；交易；兑换In exchange (for.)作为（与.的）交换exchange student 交换生exchange A for B 以A交换B：把A兑换成Bexchange sth.with sb.与某人交流/交换某物exchange opinions/ideas/views交流意见/想法/看法2.design1) n.设计；图案；构思；打算，意图。make designs for 为.做设计by design（=on purpose）故意地2) v

2、t.设计，构思；计划；意欲。design sth.for.为.设计某物be designed to do.旨在做.，用于做.3.anxious adj.焦虑的；不安的be anxious for sb./ about sth.为某人/某事担心be anxious for.渴望.be anxious (for sb.) to do sth.渴望（某人）做某事be anxious that.渴望.4.annoyed adj.恼怒的；生气的be annoyed with sb.生某人的气be annoyed at/about sth.因某事生气be annoyed to do做.感到生气5.seni

3、or adj.级别（或地位）高的 n.较年长的人senior high (school)高中be senior to sb.比某人的地位/职位高6.impress vt.使钦佩；给留下深刻的好印象 vi.留下印象；引人注目have a(n) .impression of.对有印象leave/make a(n) .impression on sb.给某人留下印象(be) under the impression that.以为，（通常指）误认为7.concentrate on 集中精力于8.leave.alone 不打扰，不惊动9.explore vt.& vi.探索；勘探exploration

4、 n.探索，探测 explorer n.探险者；勘探者；考察者10.confident adj.自信的；有把握的be confident about 对.有信心be confident of (doing) sth.对（做）有把握be confident that.确信11.look forward to 盼望；期待12.organise vt.组织；筹备；安排；组建 vi.组建；成立organisation n.组织；团体；机构Part two Grammar【句子成分和基本句型】一、句子成分构成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。句子成分有主要成分与次要成分之分。主要成分是主语（The Subje

5、ct）和谓语（The Predicate），次要成分有表语宾语（The Object）、（The Predicative）、定语（The Attribute）、状语（The Adverbial）、补足语（The Complement）和同位语（The Appositive）。（一）主语主语表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般为名词（短语）、代词、数词、动名词（短语）、不定式（短语）或从句，置于句首。The students are playing basketball now.Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.（二）谓语谓语说明或描述主语的行为动

6、作或所处的状态，由动词或动词短语充当，位于主语之后。You may keep the pen for two weeks at most.He didnt listen to the teachers advice.（三）表语表语说明主语的身份、特征或状态，在系动词（be、become、get、look、grow、turn、seem等）之后，可以由名词、代词、形容词、分词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）、介词短语以及从句充当。Im an astronaut.She looks pale.My job is teaching English.（四）宾语宾语有单宾语、双宾语、复合宾语等。双宾语又分

7、为直接宾语和间接宾语。宾语可以由名词（短语）、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式（短语）、动名词、从句等充当。He wrote a poem.She enjoys living in China.（五）宾语补足语有些及物动词除有一个宾语外，还要有一个宾语补足语。才能使句子的意义完整。一般结构为：及物动词（如 make、see、find等）宾语宾语补足语。注意：“make/see/findsb.do sth.”结构变为被动形式时，不定式符号to要还原。New technologies make life much more easy and convenient.He was seen to r

8、ush into the classroom.（六）定语修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语多放在被修饰部分的前面，但由多个词构成的定语部分则通常放在被修饰部分的后面。The red bike is mine.They made paper flowers.The boy in the classroom is John.（七）状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分称为状语。状语的位置非常灵活：修饰形容词、副词时通常放在被修饰词之前；通常在句子的基本结构之后；强调时放在句首。He knows a lot.She is lying in the bed thi

9、nking.When I was young, I often listened to the radio.（八）同位语同位语通常在名词或代词之后，与其并列并对其加以说明。We have two children, a boy and a girl.The news that he had passed the exam delighted his mother.二、五种基本句型（一）主语不及物动词（S+V）此类句子都有一个共同特点：句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，都是不及物动词, 后面可以跟副词、介词短语以及表示时间、地点、方式等的状语从句等。The car wont start.They

10、 laughed.（二）主语系动词表语（S+V+P）一些动词单独作谓语时不能表达一个完整的意思，需要接上表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语。这类动词叫系动词.The flowers smell sweet.Tom looks thin.（三）主语及物动词宾语（S+V+O）此类谓语动词都有实际意义，都是由主语产生的动作，但后面必须加一个宾语，即动作的承受者。They ate what was left over.She hates spiders.（四）主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语（S+V+IO+DO）有些动词可以有两个宾语。通常情况下间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后；有时也可把间接宾语置于直接宾语

11、后，此时间接宾语前需加介词 for 或to.She cooked her husband a delicious meal.She cooked a delicious meal for her husband.Give me the pen, please.Give the pen to me, please.（五）主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语（S+V+O+C）句子谓语为及物动词，有时只跟一个宾语不能表达完整意思，需要用宾语补足语对宾语进行补充说明。宾语补足语可以由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语和非谓语动词等充当。They made her happy.She kept us waiting f

12、or her answer for over a week.（六）主语不及物动词状语（S+V+A）句子谓语为不及物动词，需要跟状语对谓语动词进行补充说明或限定。状语常常是副词、介词短语、非谓语动词等。The children stayed in room.John has gone to buy books.（七）主语谓语宾语状语（S+V+O+A）句子谓语为及物动词，跟宾语后句意还不完整，需要跟状语进行补充说明或限定。状语常常是副词、介词短语、非谓语动词等。They know us very well.They put the dish here.（八）there be.there be 后面

13、的名词是句子的主语，属倒装结构，其中be 动词之前有时可加上 seem to、appear to等。注意：（1）在there be句型中，be的单复数与离它最近的名词的单复数保持一致。（就近原则）（2）there be 表示“存在；有”。这里的there没有实际意义，不可与副词 there“那里”混淆。此结构后跟名词，表示“（某处）有某事物”。There is a cup on the desk.There are some apples in the bowl.Part three Sentence1.What if no one talks to me？要是没人跟我说话怎么办？What i

14、f.? 要是会怎么样呢？常用来征求对方的意见。Whatif? 以下几种用法：（1）表示假设，意为“假若怎么办？”“要是将会怎么样？”，if后的句子可用陈述语气（用一般现在时），也可用虚拟语气（用一般过去时或“shouldnt+动词原形”）（2）表示邀请或建议，意为“如果怎么样？如果如何？”（3）表示不重要，此时常与so连用，意为“就算那又怎样？”2.双重否定Youll never see me without a book or a pen.你永远不会看到我不拿书或笔。never without.双重否定结构，表示肯定含义，意思是“没有就不”。常见的双重否定结构还有：no/not/hardly

15、.without没有不；除不cannottoo无论怎样也不为过3.I wish I didnt have to do this! 我希望我不必这样做！wish+ (that) .（虚拟宾语从句）wish后面接that引导的宾语从句，若从句表示的内容与事实相反或者是难以实现的愿望，从句谓语动词多用虚拟语气形式。从句谓语动词形式如下：（1）与现在事实不符，用一般过去时（be用were) ;（2）与过去事实不符，用过去完成时；（3）与将来事实不符，用“would/should/could/might + do”。Unit 1【重点单词】1.volunteer n.志愿者（1）做志愿者:work as

16、 a volunteer（2）做志愿工作:do volunteer work（3）做一名志愿者绝不是容易的事.Being a volunteer is anything but an easy job.volunteer v.自愿做; 义务做（1）自愿做某事volunteer to do sth（2）自愿为某事效劳volunteer for sthvoluntary自愿的、志愿的2.debate vi/vt辩论；争论（1）关于.进行辩论 debate on/over （2）和.辩论 debate with sbdebate n.辩论；争论（1）在争论中under debate（2）人们对校车安

17、全问题议论纷纷。There has been much debate on the safety of school buses.3.prefer更喜欢（1）更喜欢某事 prefer sth.（2）更喜欢做某事 prefer to do/doing sth（4）喜欢A多于B prefer A to B（5）比起做B更喜欢做Aprefer doing A to doing B prefer to do A rather than B （6）比起徒步旅行，许多男孩更喜欢踢足球。Many boys prefer playing football to hikingMany boys prefer t

18、o play football rather than hike.4.content n.内容；目录；主题；满足(1)在内容和形式上 in content and form(2)尽情地；心满意足地 to ones heart contentcontent adj.满足的；满意的；（1）满足的表情 a content expression（2）对.感到满足、满意 be content with/（3）愿意做某事 be content to do sthcontent vt.使满意使某人、自己对.满意 content sb with sth5.suitable adj.合适的；适用的（1）对.适合

19、的 be suitable for sth/doing sth（2）适合做某事 be suitable to do sth（3）这些鞋不适合在乡下散步。These shoes are not suitable for walking in the country.（4）我认为我不适合这个岗位。I dont think I should be suitable for the post.6.challenge 挑战；艰巨任务（1）做某事的挑战 the change of doing sth（2）面对挑战 face a challenge（3）迎接挑战 meet a challenge（4）接受挑

20、战 accept/take up a challenge（6）就我而言，我下定决心接受挑战。As far as Im concerned, Im determined to take up/accept the challenge.challenge v.t 向(某人)挑战向某人挑战某事 challenge sb to do sthchallenging adj.挑战性的，考验能力7.confusing难以理解的；不清楚的（1）觉得.令人困惑find sth confusing（2）对.来说令人困惑的 be confusing for sbconfuse使糊涂；使迷惑；（1）使某人困惑conf

21、use sb（2）把和弄混confuse A with Bconfused糊涂的；迷惑的be confused about.对.感到困惑 confusion困惑；混淆in confusion 困囧地 8.graduate vi/vt 毕业；获得学位， n 毕业生我们祝贺他从哈佛大学毕业了。We congratulated him on having graduated from Harvard University.-graduation n.毕业那是我们毕业后的第一份工作。It was my first job after graduation.9.recommend vt.建议；推荐；介绍

22、( 1)向某人推荐、介绍某物 recommend sth to sb( 2)推荐某人做（某职位）recommend sb for(3)推荐某人作为.recommend sb as(4)建议做某事 recommend doing sth(5)他建议我们读一读那部小说。He recommended that we should read the novel.10.quit v.停止；戒掉；离开（工作职位、学校等）(1)休学、退学 quit school(2)辞掉工作 quit ones job(3)离职 quit office(4)戒烟 quit smoking(5)那位组长经常在晚上七点左右就停

23、止学习去散步。The group leader often quits studying to take a walk at about seven pm.11.responsible adj.负责的；有责任的(1)对.、负责 be responsible for他仍然觉得对病人的死亡负有责任。He still felt responsible for the patient s death.- responsibility n.责任；义务(1)负责做某事take the responsibility of/for doing sth(2)有做某事的责任have a/the responsib

24、ility to do sth12.schedule.n.工作计划；日程安排; v.安排；预定(1)按预定时间 on schedule(2)提前 ahead of schedule(3)落后于预定时间 behind the schedule(4)你已经安排了考试日程吗？Have you made the examination schedule.13.expert n.专家；行家 (1)在.方面是行家 an expert on/at /in(2)西蒙不仅是我们的校长，也是一名教育专家。Simon is not only our headmaster, but also an expert in

25、 education.expert adj 熟练的；内行的；专家的 (1)在.方面在行be expert at /in doing sth.(2)琳达在寻找有用的学习信息方面很在行。Linda is expert in/at finding useful information about study.14.attract vt.吸引；引起.的注意(1)吸引很大的兴趣 attract a lot of interest(2)吸引某人的注意 attract ones attention(3)喜爱 be attracted to.(4)被.吸引be attracted by.-attraction

26、 n.有吸引力的事物-attractive adj.吸引人的对孩子们有吸引力be attractive to children【重点短语】1.clean up.打扫（或清除）干净(1)除去、扫除 clean off(2)我打算在这个夏天毕业后把我的旧书清理干净。I plan to clean up my old books after I graduate this summer.更多：( 1)整理、收拾: tidy up( 2)整理，放晴 clear up2.sign up(for sth )报名（参加课程）(1)签名 sign ones name(2)签到，签退 sign in/out(3

27、)示意某人做某事sign to sb to do sth(5)要报名成为会员，请填写这张表格。To sign up for membership, please fill in the form.-sign n.迹象.的迹象 a sign of.3.focus on.集中；特别关注(1)把心思集中在 focus ones mind on.(2)聚精会神于focus ones attention on.(3)今天，我们要重点讨论师生之间的新关系。Today, we are going to focus on the new relationship between teachers and st

28、udents.更多：(1)注意 留意 pay attention to.(2)集中于；专心于concentrate on.4.be addicted to.对.入迷( 1）习惯于 be used to.（2）注意 pay attention to.（3）期盼 look forward to.（4）致力于 devote oneself to.提示：这几个短语里的to均为介词。【重点句型】1.so that 引导状语从句（1）我会自己想方法改进，这样我明年就能入选球队了。Ill find a way to improve on my own so that I can make the team

29、next year.（2）查尔斯认为很多人想要赚许多钱，因为这样的话他们就不会再有任何烦恼了？Charles believes that many people want to earn a lot of money so that they will not have any worries.2.make it+adj+不定式（1）但是花太多时间在网上是不健康的，使得很难集中注意力在生活中的其他事情上。But spending too much time online is unhealthy and makes it very difficult to focus on other thi

30、ngs.（2）计算机技术让很多人可以在家里工作。Computer technology makes it possible for many people to work at home.3.这/那是因为 This/that/it is because （1）I guess its because they are adults and cant understand me.我想是因为他们都是成年人了，不能理解我。（2）He practise speaking English every day, at least three hours a day.This is why he makes

31、great progress in English.= The reason why he makes great progress in English is that he practise speaking English every day, at least three hours a day.他天天练习说英语，每天至少三个小时。这是他英语进步的很大的原因。4.too .to.太.而不能.（1）There is a girl I like in my class, but Im too shy to talk to her.班上有个我喜欢的女孩，但是我太害羞了，不敢和他说话。（2）Y

32、ou are too young to understand such things. 你太年轻，不懂得这样的事情。Unit 2【重点单词】1.apply vi申请；请求；vt 应用；涂（油漆、乳剂）申请 apply for向某人申请某物 apply to sb for sth把某物应用到某物中 apply sth to sth致力于 apply oneself toapplication.n.应用；用途；申请求职信 a job application申请信 a letter of application-applicant.申请者2.pack收拾（行礼） 包装；打包行李 n 纸包；包裹一包，

33、一帮，一群 a pack of将装箱打包 pack sth upThe walk is expected to last all day, so bring a ( pack ) packd lunch.3.amazing adj 令人惊奇的；令人惊喜的让人吃惊的，古代的认们能够建造出如此伟大的建筑。（it作形式主语）It is amazing that the ancient people could have built such great architecture.-amaze v.t.使吃惊；惊讶的；-amazed adj.惊奇的；惊喜的对.大为吃惊的be amazed at/by/

34、that因做某事而感到吃惊，惊讶 be amazed to do sth-amazement n 惊异；惊愕令某人惊奇的是 to ones amazement惊讶地 in amazement4.arrange vt/vi安排，筹划安排做某事 arrange to do sth为某人安排某事 arrange sth for sbThe books were all neatly in place, carefully arranged.-arrangement n.安排，筹备为.做安排、准备 make arrangements for谈妥，达成协议 arrive at an arrangemen

35、t5.recognize vt 辨别出，承认；认可；认识；认知通过.认出.recognize.by/from把.看作.recognize .as大家都承认他是比赛中的最佳选手。Everyone recognized him as/to be the best player in the match recognition识别；承认，认出认不出来 beyond/out of recognition.6.type n类型；种类这种 那种类型的 of this/that type一种 a type of各种类型的 all types of是某人喜欢的类型 be ones typetype vi/vt

36、 打字 把.键入.（计算机）type .into .7.admire vt钦佩；赞赏；赞美；羡慕欣赏某人做某事 admire sb for sthI admire him for his success in his business.-admiration n.钦佩；受人钦佩的人、物We expressed admiration for Shaw as a young coach.-admirable adj.令人羡慕的8.contact vt.联络；联系通过电子邮件/电话与某人联系contact sb by email/telephonecontact n.联系；接触与某人取得联系 mak

37、e contact with 与某人保持联系 keep in contact with sb使某人接触某物 bring sb into contact with sb使某人失去联系 lose contact with sb9.credit n.信任；学分；赞扬；信贷为某人带来荣誉；某人值得赞扬；在某人名下 to ones credit获得学分 receive a credit因为.而获得赞扬或表扬 receive a credit for信用卡 a credit card10.detail细节，详情详细地 in detail详细叙述，逐一说明 go into detail-detailed a

38、dj.详细的11.request n.请求；要求要求得到.make a request for按照要求 by request应某人的要求 at sbs requestrequest vt.请求；要求要求某人做某事 request sb to do sth向某人索要某事 request sth from sb我的老师要求我经常使用英语。My teacher requested me to use/that I should use English frequently.12.view n.风景；视野；观点；见解在视线范围内 in view不在视野 中 out of view进入视野 come i

39、nto view对.一览无余 have a good view of.乍一看；初见 at first view鉴于，考虑到，由于 in view ofview vt 观看；注视；考虑把.看作.view .as.13.sight.n 景象；看见；视力；视野进入视野，出现在眼前，看见 come into sight看不见，消失 lose sight of/out of sight 失明 lose ones sight在视野内，看得见 in/ within sight初见，乍一看 at first sight一看见.at the sight of.ment v.评论对某事加以评论comment on

40、 sth; make a comment/ comments on sth comment n.评论不加评论 without comment她丈夫对她的新发型没做任何评论，这令她有点失望。Her husband made no comment on/ about her new hair-style, which made her a little disappointed.【重点短语】1.take control of.控制；接管他虽然已到退休年龄，但仍大权在握。Hes reached retiring age,but he is still firmly in control.谁能管住这些

41、淘气的孩子？Who can take control of these naughty children?这些孩子自他们的父亲离开后就无法无天了。The children are completely out of control since their father left.2.make up 虚构；弥补；形成，组成；化妆；讲和；和好Five doctors and ten nurses make up the medical team.The medical team is made up of five doctors and ten nurses.汤姆编故事来逗乐他弟弟。Tom ma

42、kes up stories to amuse his little brother.Caroline doesnt have a gift for music, but she makes up for it with hard work.Check in 在旅馆登记住宿；住宿；报到；签到；接收并登记。Check out 结账离开，核实无误。【重点句型】全部倒装Below are two texts about Peru.Look through them quickly.以下是秘鲁的两篇短文。快速浏览它们。Especially amazing is the incas dry stone

43、method of building.特别让人惊奇的是印加人的干石建筑法。句式仿写这些书中有我最喜爱的故事书。Among the books is my favourite book.强调句型：It is for this reason that Spanish is the main official language of Peru.正是因为如此，西班牙语是秘鲁的主要官方语言。句式仿写是我明天要去青岛。It is I who am going to Qingdao tomorrow.as引导的从句课本原句Enjoy the beautiful countryside as you spen

44、d a day driving along the new high way connecting Cusco to Lake Titicaca.沿着连接库斯科到的的喀喀湖的新公路，你可以欣赏美丽的乡村。仿写当我到达学校门口时，.Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I had left my book in the cafe,句式扩展虽然你聪明，.Clever as you are,I think you will fail if you dont work hard,据今天的报纸报道，那位著名的音乐家下周要来我们的城市举办音乐会。As is reported in todays newspaper, the famous musician is to give a concert in our city.3.Can hardly/cant wait to do迫不及待做某事我听说这是一个令人惊叹的景象，我迫不及待的想去。I have heard that it is an amazing sight, and I cant wait to go.毕业生迫不及待地要离开学校去工