高中英语人教版必修二知识总结.doc

1、高中英语必修二知识总结Unit 1【知识清单】重点单词1.former adj 以前的；（两者中）前者的1前者.后者.the former the latter 我赞成前一个观点而他支持后一个。Im in favor of the former opinion while he is in support of the latter one.2.preserve vt.保存；保护；维持；n.保护区1保护.免受.preserve from/against doing sth2保存完好的 well-preserved 保护环境免受污染至关重要。It is highly important to p

2、reserve the environment from being polluted. preservaton n.保护3.promote vt.促进；提升；推销；晋级1促进和平 promote peace2得到晋升 get promoted由于缺乏专业知识，他没有得到提升。He failed to get promoted for lack of professional knowledge. promotion n.提升，促销4.application 申请表；用途；运用；应用（程序）1求职信 A job application (letter)2申请信，求职信 A letter of

3、application3向.提出申请 apply to sb for sth make an application to sb for sth4致力于 apply oneself/ones mind to doing sth你只有专心学习，才会通过考试。You will pass the exam only if you really apply yourself to your study. apply v.运用，应用5.banace n.平衡；均匀 vt.使平衡1保持平衡 keep balance2保持均衡的饮食 keep a balanced diet3失去平衡: lose ones

4、balance / out of balance5使A和B平衡 keep a balance between A and B6总的来说 On balance6.proposal n.提议；建议1提出建议make/put forward a proposal2同意、接受提议 approve of/accept a proposal 他们都同意我的建议，我们分摊计程车费。They all agreed to my proposal that we should share in the taxi fare propose v.建议，提议7.likely adj.可能的；adv.可能地1很可能做某事

5、.be likely to do sth2很可能.its likely that . 如果专心学习，他很可能成功。He is likely to succeed if he concentrates on his study.8.contribute vi.捐献；捐助 contribution n.捐款；贡献；捐赠1为.做出贡献；向.捐款: contribute .to make a contribution to 2促成；造成 contribute to . lead to . result in .9.attempt n/vt.企图；试图；尝试1企图、试图做某事: attempt to d

6、o sth; make attempt to do sth/at doing sth; in an attempt to do sth2在某人第一次尝试时 at ones first attempt10.worthwhile adj.值得做的；值得花时间的1值得做: be worth doing be worthwhile to do/doing be worthy to be done/of being done 2值得参观: be worth visiting worthy to be visited worthy of being visited11.entrance n.入口；进入1在

7、.的入口 at the entrance to.2问题的答案 the answer to the question3问题的解决方法: the solution to the problem enter v.进入12.forgive vt/vi.(forgave forgiven)原谅；宽恕 vt.对不起；请原谅1宽恕某人某事: forgive sb sth2因为.原谅某人 forgive sb for3因为某事而惩罚某人: punish sb for sth13.quality n.质量；品质；素质；特征 adj.优质的；高质量的1空气质量: air quality2教育质量: the qua

8、lity of education3质量好（上乘）be of high/good quality4质量次（差） be of low/poor quality5优质商品 goods of high quality quantity n.数量14.opinion n.意见；想法；看法1在某人看来in ones opinion/view2在作者看来in the authors opinion3就.发表意见give/express ones opinions on4对.评价好/不好/高/低have a good/bad/high/low opinion of5你认为.怎么样？whats your op

9、inion of?15.contrast n.对比；对照1与此相反；比较起来 in contrast2相比之下；与之相比 by contrast3与.形成对比；与.相比 in contrast with/to By contrast with/to 重点词语1.take part in.参与（某事）；参加(某活动)1参加体育和户外活动take part in sports and outdoor activities2参军/入团 join the army/the league3听报告 attend a lecture4在.中扮演(.)角色；对.起(.)作用 play a (.) part i

10、n .2.give way to 让步；屈服1放弃吸烟 give up smoking2泄露；赠送，分发 give away3用完；耗尽；分发；散发 give out4发出，放出（光、热、气味等）give off3.lead to.导致.；通向.1引发抗议: lead to protest2导致；引起. result in . bring about . contribute to .4.turn to.向.求助1向某人求助 turn to sb for help2调高（音量等）；出现，到来: turn up3调低（音量等）；拒绝: turn down4打开（水、煤气、电灯等）: turn o

11、n5关掉（水、煤气、电灯等）: turn off6结果是，证明是; turn out.5.prevent from 阻止；不准.1阻止某人做某事prevent/stop/keep sb from doing sth2被阻止做某事be kept/prevented/stopped from doing sth 什么也不能阻止我们保卫我们的国家。Nothing could prevent us from defending our country.6.向.捐赠.(=contribute to.)1Last year he donated $1000 to cancer research.2What

12、 we could do is to donate (donate) some money to them.【重点句型】1.there comes a time when .课本原句1There comes a time when the old must give way to the new.句式改写2这、那、它是一个.的时期This/that/it is/was a time when .3曾经有一段时间There was a time when . 曾经有一段时间我和同班同学相处得很不好。There was a time when I was getting along badly w

13、ith my classmates.2.not only but alsonot only 置于句首，句子倒装课本原句1Not only had the countries found a path.but they had also learn that句式改写 他不但学习刻苦，而且很聪明（用倒装句）Not only does he work hard, but also he is very clever.3.suggest that should do.课本原句1在她结束讲话之前，这位科学家建议我们成立一个专家委员会.Before he entered her speech, the s

14、cientist suggested that we need to establish a committee of experts 句式改写 她建议我们在那家新开的餐馆吃午餐。She suggested that we should have lunch at the new resturant.4.It is said that .据说.课本原句1据说这是一面明镜，可以分辨是非！It is said that its a mirror that can tell right from wrong.句式改写2据报道：It is reported that3人们认为：It is consid

15、ered that4人们相信：It is believed that5有人建议：It is suggested thatUnit 2【知识清单】词形转换1.threat n.威胁threaten vt.威胁；危及2.hunt v.打猎；搜寻；追捕 hunter n.猎人3.rate n.速度；(比)率 vt.划分等级rating n.等级；级别4.extinct adj.已灭绝的extinction n.灭绝5.press vt.压；按pressure n.压力；要求6.concern n.担心；关心 vt.让担忧；涉及concerned adj.担心的；关切的7.legal adj.法律的；

16、合法的illegal adj.不合法的；非法的illegally adv.不合法地；非法地8.alarm vt.使害怕；使惊恐；使担心 n.警报；恐慌；警报器alarming adj.惊人的；使人惊恐的alarmed adj.担心的；害怕的9.intend vi.& vt.打算；计划；想要intention n.打算；目的10.exist vi.存在；生存existence n.存在；生存重点单词和短语rate n.速度；(比)率 vt.划分等级；评价；评估Most people walk at an average rate of 5 kilometres an hour.n.速度The b

17、irth rate of that country is reducing.n.(比)率China and India are rated as the most attractive markets now.v.评价，看作reserve n.(动植物)保护区；储藏(量)vt.预订；预留；保留These seats are reserved for the elderly and women with babies.vt.预留Id like to reserve a table for three for eight oclock.vt.预订We set up a wildlife reser

18、ve to protect endangered elephants.n.保护区die out灭绝；逐渐消失；逐渐熄灭例1With society developing，many old customs are dying out.随着社会的发展，许多古老的风俗在逐渐消失。例2With the living environment becoming worse and worse，many of the earths species are dying out.随着生存环境变得越来越糟，地球上的很多物种正在消失。造句一旦大火熄灭，救援队就会马上进入。Once the fire has died

19、 out，the rescue team will move in immediately.知识拓展die away逐渐减弱，逐渐模糊，逐渐消失die down 逐渐降低，逐渐平息die off 相继死去die of 死于(内因)die from 死于(外因)die for 为而死alarming adj.惊人的；使人惊恐的例1It is true that the earths resources are running out at an alarming rate，so we should make good use of them.的确，地球资源正以惊人的速度耗尽，所以我们应该好好利用

20、它们。例2This idea seems to become less alarming.这个想法似乎就变得不那么可怕了。造句人口正以惊人的速度下降。The population is dropping at an alarming rate.知识拓展(1)alarm vt.使惊恐；使害怕；使担心 n.警报；恐慌in alarm 惊恐地(2)alarmed adj.惊恐的；忧虑的be alarmed at/by.对大为惊慌be alarmed to do.做感到恐慌We were alarmed at the alarming scream as the scream did alarm us

21、.我们被那令人惊恐的尖叫声吓了一跳，因为那叫声的确使我们感到惊恐。aware of.意识到.；知道.We must make people aware of the problem and help the endangered wildlife before its too late！我们必须让人们意识到这个问题，并及时帮助濒危野生动物！例1In conclusion，people around the world should be well aware of the real situation of water shortage.总之，全世界的人们都应该清楚地知道水资源短缺的真实情况。

22、例2The failure made me aware of my own shortcomings.这次失败使我意识到了我自己的缺点。造句每个人都意识到了污染的严重性。Everybody is aware of the seriousness of pollution.知识拓展(1)be/become aware of.对知道；明白；意识到be/become aware that.知道/体会到as/so far as I am aware 据我所知make sb.aware of.使某人意识到(2)awareness n.意识；认识develop an awareness of.形成的意识r

23、aise awareness 提高意识她还没意识到她做错了。She was not aware of having done wrong.She was not aware that she had done wrong.She was not aware of what she had done was wrong.名师点津 (1)aware后跟名词性从句时，一般从句前不能用of，但在what从句前必须用of。(2)修饰aware可用well，much，very much，fully，但不用very。(3)be aware后一般不接不定式。average adj.平均的；正常的；普通的 n.

24、平均水平；平均数How many elephants are killed on average every day？平均每天有多少头大象被杀？例1He is working hard and his grades are above the average in his class.他学习刻苦，成绩在班里高于平均水平。例2The average of 3，8 and 10 is 7.3，8，10的平均数为7。造句每个班平均有10名学生未通过考试。An average of ten students havent passed the exam in each class.知识拓展(1)on

25、(the)average平均来看above (the)average 高于平均水平below (the)average 低于平均水平(2)an average of. 平均有(后跟数词)the average of. 的平均数The temperature now is below average.此时的气温低于平均水平。concerned about.对关切的；为担忧的Im concerned about the African elephants.我很担心非洲大象。例1She is concerned about/for her sons future.她担忧她儿子的未来。例2You wi

26、ll tell your friend that you are concerned about him and you will meet after class and talk then.你会告诉你的朋友你很关心他，下课后你们会见面交谈。造句我们都担心她的安全。We are all concerned about her safety.知识拓展(1)concern vt.(使)担忧；涉及；关系到 n.担心；关注；(利害)关系show concern for 关心(2)concerned adj.担心的；关注的as/so far as.be concerned关于；至于；就而言be con

27、cerned with sth.牵涉到；与有关(3)concerning prep. 关于The story concerns the princes efforts to rescue Pamina.He was concerned that she might miss the turning and get lost.All the difficulties concerning Pamina were solved by the prince.这故事讲的是王子奋力解救帕米娜。他担心她可能会错过转弯的地方而迷路。所有与帕米娜有关的难事都由王子解决。adapt vi.适应 vt.使适应；使

28、适合；改编Elephants need large living spaces，so its difficult for them to adapt to the changes.大象需要很大的生存空间，所以它们很难适应变化。例1Not only has she adapted (herself)to the fast rhythm of city life，but she is becoming more and more outgoing.她不仅已经适应了快节奏的城市生活，而且变得越来越开朗。例2After graduation from college，I gradually adapt

29、ed myself to living on my own.大学毕业后，我逐渐适应了独立生活。造句据说这部新影片是根据一本小说改编的。This new film is said to be adapted from a novel.知识拓展(1)adapt to适合，适应adapt oneself to 使自己适应adapt.to. 使适应adapt.for. 将改编为adapt sth.from sth.根据改编(2)adaptable adj. 能适应的；可修改的(3)adaptation n. 改编本；适应名师点津 adapt (oneself)to中的to为介词，其后跟名词、代词或动名

30、词作宾语。The children are finding it hard to adapt to their new surroundings.孩子发觉很难适应新环境。measure n.措施；方法 vt.测量；度量；估量What measures are being taken to help them?正在采取什么措施来帮助它们呢？例1The room measures 10 metres across.这个房间宽十米。例2Education shouldnt be measured purely by examination results.教育不应该仅仅用考试结果来衡量。造句你们应该

31、采取有效措施来改善你们的工作环境。You should take effective measures to improve your working conditions.知识拓展(1)take measures/steps to do sth.采取措施做某事made to measure 量身定制的(2)measure sth.by sth.用某物来衡量某物名师点津measure表示“量度为”时，是系动词，后跟测量结果，不用于被动语态及进行时。类似用法的单词还有weigh。Think about measures of measuring the weight of the elephan

32、t.思考测量大象重量的办法。observe vt.观察到；注视；看到；注意到；遵守(规则、法律等)；庆祝This is why were hereto observe Tibetan antelopes.这就是我们来这里的原因观察藏羚羊。例1As a middle school student，he should observe the school rules and traffic regulations.作为一个中学生，他应该遵守校规和交通规则。例2I observed that several students were asleep in class.我注意到有几个学生在课堂上睡着了

33、。造句全世界的中国人都庆祝春节。Chinese all over the world observe the Spring Festival.知识拓展(1)observe sb.do sth.观察到某人做了某事observe sb.doing sth.观察到某人正在做某事observethat从句 发现(2)observation n.观察，观测名师点津表示“注意到，看到”，后面接复合宾语，其中用动词不定式和v.ing形式作宾语补足语，但动词不定式作宾语补足语时，要省略动词不定式符号to，强调动作发生的全过程，但用于被动语态时，不定式符号to不可省略；v.ing形式作宾语补足语时，强调动作正在

34、进行。When we attend the parade to observe the National Day，we must observe the traffic regulations.If we observe someone run a red light，we should stop him.当我们参加游行庆祝国庆节的时候，我们必须遵守交通规则。如果我们看到有人闯红灯，我们就要阻止他。remind vt.提醒；使想起Im also reminded of the danger they are in.我也意识到了它们所处的危险。例1I dont want them to remi

35、nd me of her.我不想因它们而想起她来。例2Reminded not to drive after drinking，some drivers are still trying their luck，which is really dangerous.尽管被提醒不要酒后驾车，一些司机仍然心存侥幸，这十分危险。造句这些老照片使我想起了我在农村度过的那些日子。These old photos reminded me of the days I spent in the countryside.知识拓展remind sb.of sth.提醒某人某事；使某人想起某事remind sb.to

36、do sth.提醒某人做某事remind sb.that. 使某人想起；提醒某人intend v.计划；打算；想要The government，however，does not intend to stop the protection programmes，since the threats to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared.然而，政府并没有打算停止这些保护项目，因为对藏羚羊的威胁依然存在。例1The meeting is intended to deal with some important problems.开这个会的目的

37、是想解决一些重要问题。例2I had intended to watch the game，but I had something more important to do.I intended to have watched the game，but I had something more important to do.我本打算看这场比赛，但是有更重要的事要做。造句女朋友和我打算明年结婚。My girlfriend and I intend to get married next year.知识拓展(1)intend doing/to do sth.打算做某事intend sb.to d

38、o sth. 打算让某人做某事(2)be intended to do.为了做be intended for. 专门为而设计的；专供使用的(3)had intended to do sth.intended to have done sth.本打算做某事(但没有做)(4)intention n.打算；计划have intention of doing.打算做The water is not intended for drinking.这是非饮用水。I intend you to take over the business.我打算让你来接管生意。【重点句型】This is why.“这就是的原

39、因”。This is why were hereto observe Tibetan antelopes.这就是我们来这里的原因观察藏羚羊。句式分析This is why.这就是的原因。此处why引导表语从句。例1Tom was ill.That was why he came late for the meeting.汤姆病了。那就是他开会迟到的原因。例2Ive got a cold，that is why I wouldnt like to have a meal.我感冒了，那就是我不想吃饭的原因。造句这就是为什么我写信要求做一名志愿者。This is why I am writing t

40、his letter asking to be a volunteer.知识拓展(1)That/This is/was why.这就是为什么(why从句表示结果)(2)That/This is/was because.这是因为(because从句表示原因)(3)The reason why.is/was that.的原因是(表语从句常用that引导，而不用because)The reason why he wasnt admitted into a key university was that his grades were too low.他没有被重点大学录取的原因是他的分数太低。Tom

41、came late for the meeting.That was because he was ill.汤姆开会迟到了。那是因为他病了。only修饰状语位于句首，用部分倒装。Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.只有学会和大自然和谐共处，我们才不会成为野生生物和地球的威胁。句式分析only修饰状语从句放在句首时主句须部分倒装。例1Only in this way can you work out the probl

42、em.只有这样，你才能算出这道题来。例2Only if he gets a job can he have enough money to continue his studies at college.他只有找到工作才能有足够的钱继续大学的学业。造句只有到那时我才意识到我做错了。Only then did I realize that I had done wrong.知识拓展only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装，即把句子谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词be放在主语之前。名师点津若only修饰主语，即使在句首也不倒装。Only in this way can yo

43、ung people learn how to observe excellent traditions.只有这样年轻人才能学会如何遵守优良的传统。Only when he returned home was he aware of what had happened.当他回到家里时，才知道出了什么事。Only by practising papercutting more can you learn the folk art.只有通过多练习剪纸，你才能掌握这门民间艺术。Watching them move slowly across the green grass，I was struck

44、by their beauty.分析：本句是一个简单句。watching them move slowly across the green grass在句中作状语。译文：看着它们慢慢地穿过绿色的草地，我被它们的美丽所打动。he government，however，does not intend to stop the protection programmes，since the threats to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared.分析本句是一个主从复合句，since引导的是一个原因状语从句。译文然而，政府并没有打算停止这些保护项目，因为对藏羚羊的威胁依然存在。Unit 3【知识清单】词汇变换1.blog (n.) 博客 vt.写博客 blogger （n）.博客作者，