详解定语从句非限定性定语从句课件.ppt

1、The Attributive ClauseWhich one is Harry Porter?The boy is Harry Porter Which one is Harry Porter?The boy _ is Harry Porter.who is wearing glasses定语从句定语从句一、概念一、概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子.(在句子中作在句子中作定语定语)(Attributive clause)Harry Porter is a smart boy.Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.

2、形容词作定语形容词作定语句子作定语句子作定语,修饰修饰boy,叫做叫做定语从句定语从句Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.先行词先行词 关系词关系词定语从句定语从句关系关系代词代词关系关系副词副词which,who,whom,whose,thatwhere,when，why二、用法二、用法:These are the trees which/that were planted last year.先先行行词词是是人人关系代词关系代词:who whom whose that which先行词是先行词是物物These are the students

3、 who/that won the first place last year.引导定语从句的关系代词引导定语从句的关系代词Have a try指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：1.The man who came to our school is Mr.Wang.()2.The girl(whom)I met is Lucy.()3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom.()4.I like the book(which)you bought yesterday.()主语宾语定语宾语1.who,

4、whom,whose,that 用法区别用法区别.who 作定语从句的作定语从句的主语主语或或宾语宾语.The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.The man is a worker.The man is speaking at the meeting.分解分解作主语作主语 whom 作定语从句的作定语从句的宾语宾语 The woman whom they wanted to visit is a teacher.The woman is a teacher.They wanted to visit the woman.分解分解作宾

5、语作宾语 that 可以作定语从句的可以作定语从句的主语主语和和宾语宾语.The woman(whom/that)they wanted to visit is a teacher.可省略可省略 The man who/that is speaking at the meeting is a worker.whose 作定语从句的作定语从句的定语定语 (whose既可以指人，也可以指物既可以指人，也可以指物).I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.分解分解I know the girl.The girls mother is a teacher.作

6、定语作定语I have a book whose cover is yellow.2.which,that 的的用法用法which 作定语从句的作定语从句的主语主语或或宾语宾语.I like the book(which/that)you bought yesterday.This is a truck which/that is made in China.作主语作主语作宾语作宾语可省略可省略3.只能用只能用that的情况的情况 序数词序数词或或形容词最高级形容词最高级修饰先行词时修饰先行词时 Tom is the cleverest boy that I have ever known.T

7、his is the first play that I have seen since I came here.everything,something,nothing,all,anything,little,much等等不定代词不定代词作先行作先行词时词时 Everything that we saw in this film was true.先行词被先行词被every,some,no,all,any,little,much等修饰时。等修饰时。Ive read all the books that you lend me.先行词被先行词被the only,the very,the sam

8、e,the last修饰时。修饰时。This is the very book that belongs to him.主句已有主句已有who或或which时时Who is the girl that is standing under the tree?Which is the machine that we used last Sunday.当先行词同时指当先行词同时指人人和和物物时时Ive never heard of the people and things that you talked about just now.4.关系代词前有介词时关系代词前有介词时(介词提前介词提前).指

9、指人只用人只用whom,指物只用指物只用whichThis is the boy with whom he talked.This is the ring on which she spent 1000 dollars.主语主语宾语宾语定语定语指人指人whothatwhom（优先）（优先）whothatwhose（of whom）指物指物WhichthatWhichthatWhose(of which)指人和物指人和物thatthatwhose（一）引导定语从句的关系代词（一）引导定语从句的关系代词19when,where,why关系副词关系副词先行词先行词在从句中的成分在从句中的成分when

10、时间时间时间时间状语状语where 地点地点地点地点状语状语why reason原因原因状语状语（二）引导定语从句的关系副词（二）引导定语从句的关系副词 1.This is the place where I was born.2.I remember the day when I first met him.3.Can you tell me the reason why you lied to me?关系副词关系副词When=on(in,during)whichwhere=on(in,in front of)whichWhy=for which（三）关系副词（三）关系副词与与介词介词+关系

11、代词关系代词的替代的替代22when when可用可用in/on/at/during+which 代替代替1.I still remember the day.2.I first met him on the day.I still remember the day on which I first met him.whenwhich23where where可用in/on/at/to+which代替1.The dictionary is the only place.2.Success comes before work in the dictionary.The dictionary is

12、 the only place in which success comes before work.where which.24ABC1.America is the country.2.I was born in the country.America is the country in which I was born.which.whereBBCBeijing is the city in which I was born.where=American born Chinese=Beijing born Chinese25why why可用可用for+which 代替代替1.This

13、is the reason.2.I was late for school for this reason.This is the reason for which I was late for school.whywhich.26关系关系代词代词和关系和关系副词副词的区别的区别关系关系代词代词在定语从句中在定语从句中作主语、宾语作主语、宾语关系关系副词副词在定语从句中在定语从句中作状语作状语如何选用定语从句的关系词如何选用定语从句的关系词 1.首先分清主句和定语从句首先分清主句和定语从句 2.确定定语从句的先行词确定定语从句的先行词 3.把先行词带回到定语从句中去，看其把先行词带回到定语从句

14、中去，看其在定语从句中做什么语法成分（主语，在定语从句中做什么语法成分（主语，宾语，定语或状语）宾语，定语或状语）4.若先行词在从句中做若先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或定主语、宾语或定语语则选择则选择关系代词关系代词，若在从句中做，若在从句中做状语状语，则选择则选择关系副词关系副词。由由Who Who 引导的定语从句，在句中做主语引导的定语从句，在句中做主语 宾语宾语1、Do you know the man _ is talking with your father?A.whose B.who C.which2、The boys _ the teacher talked to are from

15、 Class One.A.when B.which C.who3、Those _ want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.A.who B.which C.whom4.The gentleman _ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.A.who B.about whom C.whom5.The doctor _ you are looking for is in the room.A.whom B.what C.which6.The te

16、acher for _ you are waiting has come.A.who B.whom C.that由由Whom Whom 引导的定语从句，在句中做宾引导的定语从句，在句中做宾语语介词提前时只能用介词提前时只能用 whom7.A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan.A.which B.his C.whose 8.This book is for the students _ native(本国的本国的)language is not English.A.that B.of whom C.whose 9.The boy _ com

17、position won the first prize is the youngest in the group.A.who B.whose C.that由由Whose Whose 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句,在句中做定语在句中做定语10、He prefers to eat the rice _ in the south.A.who is grown B.which is grown C.when is grown11、The knife _ I cut the apple with cant be found.A.which B.who C.what 12、The room in _ t

18、here are many books is mine.A.that B.who C.which13、This is the pen _ he bought yesterday.A.which B.who C.when由由Which Which 引导的定语从句，在句中做主语引导的定语从句，在句中做主语 宾语宾语介词提前时只能用介词提前时只能用 whichthat14.All _ is needed is a supply of oil.A.which B.that C.what15.Finally,the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to t

19、he police.A.which B.what C.that先行词是不定代词先行词是不定代词 all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything只能用只能用that引导引导16.Its the most boring film _ I have ever seen.A.which B.that C.whose17.This is the first car _ arrived this morning.A.which B.who C.that 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时饰时只能用只能用that引导引导18.I k

20、now all people _ are from that village.A.who B.that C.whose19.There is no water _ is needed badly.A.which B.who C.that20.Please take any seat _ is free.A.which B.that C.in which先行词被先行词被all,any,every,few,little,no,some 等修饰时等修饰时只能用只能用that引导引导21.That is the very book _ I was looking for.A.who B.that C.

21、which22.After the fire in his house,the old car is the only thing _ he owns.A.who B.that C.which先行词被先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last 等修饰时等修饰时只能用只能用that引导引导23.The speaker spoke of some writers and some books _ were popular then.A.who B.that C.which先行词被既有人又有物时先行词被既有人又有物时只能用只能用that引导引导24.Who is

22、the worker _ took some pictures of the factory.A.who B.that C.which主句已有主句已有who或或which时时,只能用只能用that 引导引导1.I have a friend _ likes listening to classical music.who/thatwhich/thatwhose3.The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.2.Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her.

23、4.My parents live in a house_ is more than 100 years old.5.The boy with _ John spoke is my brother.which/thatwhom6.Kevin is reading a book _ is too difficult for him.which/that7.Is there anything _ you want to buy in the town.8.All _ we can do is to study hard.9.The first one _ stands up is a little

24、 boy.thatthatthat1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生这就是救了那个孩子命的医生.This is the doctor who saved the boys life.2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.The man who is running is my uncle.3.我喜欢可以随之而唱的音乐我喜欢可以随之而唱的音乐.I like the music that I can sing along with.4.住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师.The woman who lives next door is a teacher.以上

25、是否是高中定语从句以上是否是高中定语从句的全部了呢？的全部了呢？Module 2 Grammar and usageNon-restrictive attributive clauses非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句的概念：限制性定语从句的概念：限制性定语从句对先行词起限制或修饰的作用，限制性定语从句对先行词起限制或修饰的作用，是是先先行词在意义上不可缺少的行词在意义上不可缺少的 ，如果去掉，主句的意如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。从句和主句的关系密切，写思就不完整或失去意义。从句和主句的关系密切，写时不用逗号分开。时不用逗号分开。例如：例如：eg:This is t

26、he soldier who saved the boys life.先行词先行词 引导词引导词定语从句定语从句定语定语非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句只是只是对先行词作些附加的说明对先行词作些附加的说明,如果如果去掉去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚。和主句关系不十分密切，主句的意思仍然清楚。和主句关系不十分密切，从句和主句之间用逗号分开。从句和主句之间用逗号分开。例如：例如：Rome has a very long history.罗马是意大利的首都，有着非常悠久的历史。罗马是意大利的首都，有着非常悠久的历史。非限制性定语从句的概念：非限制性定语从句的概念：,which is the capital

27、 of Italy,1、限制性定语从句和非限制定语从句的区别：、限制性定语从句和非限制定语从句的区别：限制性定语从句常翻译为：限制性定语从句常翻译为：“的的”非限制性定语从句常翻译为两个并列句非限制性定语从句常翻译为两个并列句(1)限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college.他那个当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。他那个当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。(2)非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 His brother,who is now a doctor,always e

28、ncourages him to go to college.他的哥哥是当医生的，常鼓励他要考上大学。他的哥哥是当医生的，常鼓励他要考上大学。（“唯一”概念）（他还有其他的哥哥）（他还有其他的哥哥）（他只有一个哥哥）（他只有一个哥哥）2、运用非限制性定语从句的情况、运用非限制性定语从句的情况 Charles Smith,who was my former teacher,retired last year.查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。My house,which I bought last year,has got a lovely garden.我去年买了那幢房子，它带着个漂亮的

29、花园。当先行词是世界上独一无二的事物、专有名词或物当先行词是世界上独一无二的事物、专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。是非限制性的。3、非限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句引导词的选择：引导词的选择：His mother,loves him very much,is strict with him.他的妈妈很爱惜他,对他也很严格。His wife,you met at my home,was a teacher.他的妻子，就是你在我家遇见的那个，是一位老师。他的妻子，就是你在我家遇见的那个，是一位老师。（1）先行词指人

30、）先行词指人,在从句中作主语，引导词用在从句中作主语，引导词用who:who（2）先行词指人）先行词指人,在句中作宾语在句中作宾语whom:whom Her house,was built a hundred years ago,stood still in the earthquake.那座房子在地震中依然耸立，它是一百多年前建造的。注意：无论先行词指人或者指物注意：无论先行词指人或者指物,在句中作在句中作主语或者作宾语，主语或者作宾语，非限制性定语从句的引非限制性定语从句的引导词都不能用导词都不能用that。（3 3）先行词指物）先行词指物,在句中作主语或宾语在句中作主语或宾语which:

31、which:whichThe girl,name is Kate,is the top of the students in our school.那个女孩是我们学校最优秀的学生，她的名字叫Kate。The book,cover is red,is mine.封面是红色的那本书是我的。whosewhose（4 4）先行词在句中作定语，无论指人或者指物）先行词在句中作定语，无论指人或者指物,引导词都用引导词都用whosewhose:The sports meeting will be put off till next month，we will have made all the prepar

32、ations.运动会将被推迟到下个月，那时我们做好一切准备。运动会将被推迟到下个月，那时我们做好一切准备。The next day we arrived in New York,we were interviewed on the radio.第二天我们到达纽约，在那里我们接受了电台的采访第二天我们到达纽约，在那里我们接受了电台的采访。when（5）先行词在句中作时间状语用）先行词在句中作时间状语用when：（6）先行词在句中作地点状语用）先行词在句中作地点状语用where：where The house,we bought last month,is very nice.这房子很漂亮这房子很

33、漂亮,是我们上个月买的。是我们上个月买的。This is the house we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。which(which/that)（7）如果先行词作介词的宾语）如果先行词作介词的宾语 先行词指人，介词提前的结构是：介词先行词指人，介词提前的结构是：介词whom 先行词指物，介词提前的结构是：介词先行词指物，介词提前的结构是：介词which The girl,he is familiar,is a football player.The Second World War,millions of people were

34、 killed,ended in 1945.第二次世界大战造成数百万人的死亡，于1945年结束。with whomin which1.He has told us many stories,all of are about the famous Long Match.2.The students of Class 1,some of came from Japan,went camping yesterday.whichwhomConclusion 在非限制性定语从句中在非限制性定语从句中,all/some/one/both/neither/none/any/either等可与等可与 of 构

35、构成介词词组修饰限制先行词成介词词组修饰限制先行词。如先行词指人则用如先行词指人则用whom，如先行词指物则用如先行词指物则用which引导从句。引导从句。1.Many students in this school,some of which are not overweight,are going on diets.2.There are 54 students in my class and ten of whom come from US.whomCorrection:them1.1.关系代词关系代词whomwhom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用whowh

36、o代替代替whomwhom，但但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用不可用whowho来代替来代替。This is the girl This is the girl I I met in met in the street.the street.(引导词引导词 省略省略)A young man had a new girl friend,A young man had a new girl friend,he he wanted to impress.wanted to impress.(引导词引导词 省略省略)可以可以不可以不可以whomwhom/who/that

37、注意事项注意事项:2.2.当关系代词指整个主句内容时，将整个主句作为当关系代词指整个主句内容时，将整个主句作为先行词先行词,对其进行修饰对其进行修饰,用非限制性定语从句。用非限制性定语从句。这时这时引导词用引导词用which,从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages,languages,surprises surprises all the people present.all the pe

38、ople present.析：析：从语境可知，令所有在场的人感到惊讶的从语境可知，令所有在场的人感到惊讶的内容是一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语这整个一件内容是一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语这整个一件事，因此先行词为整个主句，此时应由事，因此先行词为整个主句，此时应由which引导非限制性定语从句。引导非限制性定语从句。which一个五岁的男孩会讲两门外语，令所有在场的人感一个五岁的男孩会讲两门外语，令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。到非常惊讶。Which 引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个句子时。它在从句中充当主语或宾语，意为句子时。它在从句中充当主语或宾语，意为“这一点这一点

39、”，放在主句放在主句后后。1.Which代替先行句做主语代替先行句做主语 请把下面两个简单句合并为复句：请把下面两个简单句合并为复句：句句John has been working in the office for three hours.句句It made him tired.John has been working in the office for three hours，which made him tired.As和和which引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句2.which代替先行句做宾语代替先行句做宾语 请把下面两个简单句合并为复句：请把下面两个简单句合并为复句：句

40、句Mary treats me just like a baby.句句I cant bear it.Mary treats me just like a baby，which I cant bear.as引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 1.引导限制性定语从句，用在引导限制性定语从句，用在“such as”,“the same as结构中，常译作结构中，常译作“像像一一样的人或物样的人或物”。He wished to be such a man as Lei Feng was.This is the same book as I read last week.这和我上周读的那本书是一样的。这和我上

41、周读的那本书是一样的。这就是我上周读的那本书这就是我上周读的那本书This is the same book that I read last week.在在the same as结构中，结构中，as可以换成可以换成that，但，但句意不一样。句意不一样。2.引导非限制性定语从句引导非限制性定语从句1.as1.as做主语做主语请把下面两个简单句合并为复句：请把下面两个简单句合并为复句：句句China is a developing country.句句It is known to all.As is known to all，China is a developing country ,代替整

42、个句子，代替整个句子，在定语从句中做主语和宾语，意思为，在定语从句中做主语和宾语，意思为，“正如正如.一样一样”。它引导的句子可在它引导的句子可在主句首、句中，主句首、句中，句尾。句尾。注意：若非限制性定语从句中的谓语动词是注意：若非限制性定语从句中的谓语动词是 be said,be known,be expected,be reported,等结构时，不论是在句首，句中等结构时，不论是在句首，句中，句末，都必须句末，都必须as用来引导。用来引导。2.as做宾语做宾语请把下面两个简单句合并为复句：请把下面两个简单句合并为复句：句句We won the game.句句We all expecte

43、d it We won the game，as we expected.as 引导的定语从句可置于句首引导的定语从句可置于句首,而而which引导的定语从句不可放在句首引导的定语从句不可放在句首。as和和which引导非限制性定语从句的不同之处引导非限制性定语从句的不同之处在于：在于：关系代词：关系代词：which/who/whom/whose/as 关系副词：关系副词：when/where(非限制性定语从句中不用关系非限制性定语从句中不用关系词词that/why；非限制性定语从句；非限制性定语从句中关系词不能省略中关系词不能省略)非限制性定语从句中通常使用非限制性定语从句中通常使用下列关系代

44、词和副词下列关系代词和副词Conclusion1.The famous basketball star,_ comes from America,will visit our school soon.2.In those days,she used to go to Mr black,with _ she had a wonderful time.whomwho Practice3.Xian,_I visited last year,is a nice old city.4.He will come to see me next July,_ he wont be so busy.5.The school,_ I once studied,was built thirty years ago.whichwherewhen6.John said hed been working in the office for an hour,_ was true.which7._ is expected,the England team won the football match.As