U5P4 Discovering Useful Structures.ppt

1、Unit 5THE VALUE OF MONEYDiscovering useful structuresobligationintentionnowherein caseextenttoextentoperan.义务；职责；责任义务；职责；责任n.打算；计划；意图；目的打算；计划；意图；目的adv.无处；哪里都不无处；哪里都不以防；以防万一以防；以防万一n.程度；限度；大小；范围程度；限度；大小；范围到到程度；在程度；在程度上程度上n.歌剧歌剧Words reviewRead after the tape and speak out the Chinese immediately.music

2、aldinosaurhugpursuedutyon dutyn.音乐剧音乐剧adj.音乐的音乐的n.恐龙恐龙vt.&vi.拥抱；抱紧拥抱；抱紧vt.追求；致力于追求；致力于n.责任；义务；职责；值班责任；义务；职责；值班值班；执勤值班；执勤Words reviewIf I _ live my life without you near meThe days _ all be emptyThe nights would seem so longWith you I see forever oh so clearlyI _ have been in love beforeBut it never

3、felt this strongOur dreams are young And we both know theyll take us where we want to goHold me nowTouch me nowI dont want to live without youNothings gonna change my love for youYou _ know by now how much I love youOne thing you _ be sure ofI _ never ask for more than your loveNothings gonna change

4、 my love for youYou _ know by now how much I love youThe world _ change my whole life throughBut nothings gonna change my love for youListen to the song and complete the lyrics.had tomightought tocanought to maywouldwillThey are called modal verbs.They are used to express ability,obligation,possibil

5、ity,intension,request,advice,etc.1.You should check the cab has a business permit,and make sure you ask for a receipt.2.Trains are fast and convenient,but rush hours can be terrible.3.Today rockets are very advanced machines which we can use to send astronauts into space.4.You shouldnt go on those s

6、hips.5.We could see the sun setting behind the white pagoda.6.May I ask you some questions about the modern Olympics?7.You mustnt show this letter to anyone else.8.Foreigners have to take their passports with them.9.You shouldnt throw away the litter everywhere.You must throw it into trash can.10.By

7、 now his restaurant ought to be full of people.1.You _ check the cab has a business permit,and make sure you ask for a receipt.2.Trains are fast and convenient,but rush hours _ be terrible.3.Today rockets are very advanced machines which we _ use to send astronauts into space.4.You _ go on those shi

8、ps.5.We _ see the sun setting behind the white pagoda.shouldcancanshouldnt couldgo Ready?6._ I ask you some questions about the modern Olympics?7.You _ show this letter to anyone else.8.Foreigners _ take their passports with them.9.You _ throw away the litter everywhere.You _ throw it into trash can

9、.10.By now his restaurant _ be full of people.Maymustnthave toshouldntmustought to*定义；定义；*基本特征；基本特征；*常见情态动词、其否定式、其缩常见情态动词、其否定式、其缩略形式；略形式；*情态动词的表意功能；情态动词的表意功能；*常见情态动词的用法；常见情态动词的用法；*情态动词的特殊用法。情态动词的特殊用法。Focus on Focus on 基本用法基本用法情态动词情态动词情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，但情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，但要与要与动词原形动词原形一起使用，给谓语动词增一起使用，给谓语动

10、词增添情态色彩，表示添情态色彩，表示说话人对有关行为或说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等或必要等。定义定义:情态动词情态动词1.在形式上在形式上，情态动词没有实义动词的各，情态动词没有实义动词的各种变化，只有种变化，只有could,would,had to,might 等几个过去式，等几个过去式，其他情态动词如其他情态动词如must,ought to等的过去式皆与现在式同形。等的过去式皆与现在式同形。2.在意义上在意义上，大多数情态动词有多个意义。，大多数情态动词有多个意义。3.在用法上在用法上，情态动词与助动词一样，须，情态动词与助

11、动词一样，须后接后接动词原形动词原形，构成谓语动词。，构成谓语动词。基本特征基本特征:常见情态动词、其否定式、其缩略形式常见情态动词、其否定式、其缩略形式:情态动词情态动词否定式否定式缩略形式缩略形式cancould may mightshallshould 情态动词情态动词否定式否定式缩略形式缩略形式willwould musthad betterought to can not/cannnotcant could not couldntmay not /might not mightntshall notshantshould not shouldntwill notwould notmu

12、st nothad better notought not towont wouldnt mustnt oughtnt /Find the sentences using modal verbs in the passage.1.Oliver believes that with a million-pound bank note a man could live a month in London.2.Would you step inside a moment,please?3.Good morning,sir,would you please come in?4.May we ask w

13、hat youre doing in this country.?5.Well,I cant say that I have any plans.6.Well,you mustnt worry about that.7.Could you offer me work here?8.If you dont mind,may I ask you how much money.?9.Well,it may seem lucky to you but not to me.10.If youll excuse me,I ought to be on my way.11.You mustnt think

14、we dont care about you.12.You cant open it until two oclock.What functions do these model verbs have?.A.necessity 表示必要性表示必要性1.The chicken must be cooked thoroughly.2.You have to book in advance.B.possibility 表示表示可能和推测可能和推测1.That might not be true.2.Oh,you must be Lilys husband.C.obligation 表义务性表义务性1

15、.The children should follow the school rules.2.I ought to be on my way now.D.request 表示提出请求或发出指示表示提出请求或发出指示1.Will you stay for lunch?2.May we ask what youre doing in this country?The functions of modal verbsE.advice 表示提出建议表示提出建议1.To solve the problem,you should ask the expert for advice.2.Youd bette

16、r serve him quick and get him out quick.F.intention 表示意图和愿望表示意图和愿望1.Ill wash your sports jacket.2.He said he would be here at eight oclock.G.ability 表示能力表示能力1.The children can read and write.2.I could feel the ground shaking.H.permission and prohibition 表示许可和禁止表示许可和禁止1.You can go off duty now.2.You

17、mustnt do that.Tell the function of the modal verbs.1.Oliver believes that with a million-pound bank note a man could live a month in London.2.Would you step inside a moment,please?3.Good morning,sir,would you please come in?4.May we ask what youre doing in this country.?5.Well,I cant say that I hav

18、e any plans.6.Well,you mustnt worry about that.7.Could you offer me work here?8.If you dont mind,may I ask you how much money.?9.Well,it may seem lucky to you but not to me.10.If youll excuse me,I ought to be on my way.11.You mustnt think we dont care about you.12.You cant open it until two oclock.p

19、ossibilityrequestrequestpossibility requestrequest intentionnecessitypermission/prohibitionpermission/prohibitionrequestpossibility 1.表示表示能力能力，常译为，常译为“会，能会，能”。can表示表示现在的能力现在的能力，could表示表示过去的能力过去的能力。He can ride a bike now,but he couldnt a few weeks ago.2.表示表示可能性可能性。can多用于否定句和疑问句多用于否定句和疑问句中，但也可用在肯定句中；中

20、，但也可用在肯定句中；could表示表示过去过去的可能的可能，多用于间接引语中。，多用于间接引语中。1)That cant be Mary she has gone to school.2)I told the boss that I couldnt finish the work in such a short time.一、一、can/could3.表示表示请求或允许请求或允许，译为，译为“可以可以”。表示。表示此意时，用此意时，用could语气更委婉语气更委婉。-Can/Could I borrow your bike?-Yes,you can.【拓展拓展】1)表示表示惊讶、怀疑、不相信

21、的态度惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度(主要主要用于否定句、疑问句和感叹句中用于否定句、疑问句和感叹句中)。Can hard work change a person that much?2)can亦可表示亦可表示“有时会有时会”。You can be very naughty.1.表示说话人的表示说话人的猜测猜测，意为，意为“或许；可能或许；可能”。might表示的可能性比表示的可能性比may小。小。Youd better take an umbrella.It may/might rain.2.用来用来提出问题提出问题，问，问可不可以可不可以。用。用might时语气更时语气更委婉。委婉。Might

22、/May we use your typewriter for a little while?3.表示表示“可以可以”。作此用法时，。作此用法时，might是是may的过的过去式。去式。1)You may come if you wish.2)The boy asked his mother if he might go to play basketball.二、二、may/might1.表示表示习惯性动作习惯性动作。will指指现在现在，would指指过去过去。1)Fish will die without water.2)He would get up early when he live

23、d in the country.2.表示表示请求、建议请求、建议等。用等。用would比用比用will委婉、委婉、客气。客气。Will/Would you please pass me that book?【拓展拓展】表示表示意愿或意志意愿或意志。will表表现在现在，would表表过去过去。1)I will help you if you need me.2)He said he would help you if you needed him.三、三、will/would四、四、shall/should shall1.用于用于第一人称疑问句第一人称疑问句中，表示中，表示征求对征求对方的意

24、见或向对方请示方的意见或向对方请示。This room is so dirty.Shall we clean it?2.用于用于第二、三人称第二、三人称，表示法律等条文，表示法律等条文中的规定或说话人的中的规定或说话人的决心决心、给对方的、给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁命令、警告、允诺或威胁。Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan.should1.用于用于第一人称疑问句第一人称疑问句询问对方的询问对方的意愿意愿，但语，但语气更委婉温和。气更委婉温和。Should I open the window?2.表示表示劝告、建议、命令、责任或义

25、务劝告、建议、命令、责任或义务。No matter who you are,you should observe the law.3.表示表示推测或可能性推测或可能性。You should be hungry after the long walk.【拓展拓展】should还可表示还可表示意外、惊讶意外、惊讶等，意等，意为为“竟会，竟然会竟会，竟然会”。It is surprising that he should have made such a foolish mistake.1.must表示表示义务、必要性、命令义务、必要性、命令，意为，意为“必必须须”。否定式。否定式mustnt表示表

26、示“不准；禁止不准；禁止”。We must do everything step by step.2.must表示表示推测推测，意为，意为“想必；准是；一想必；准是；一定定”，只用于肯定句，否定句用，只用于肯定句，否定句用cant。1)After such a long walk,you must be tired.2)-My house is near a busy street.-It cant be very quiet.【拓展拓展】表示表示与说话人愿望相反、不耐烦与说话人愿望相反、不耐烦的的感情色彩，可译为感情色彩，可译为“一定要；偏偏；非得一定要；偏偏；非得”。If you must

27、 know,her name is Mary.五、五、must/cant六、六、have to的用法的用法have to表示表示“不得不，必须不得不，必须”，有人称、时态有人称、时态和数的变化和数的变化。否定式为。否定式为dont have to。1)There are so many mistakes in his article thathe has to rewrite it.2)You dont have to buy a gift,but you can ifyou want to.【比较比较】must和和have to表示表示“不得不、必须不得不、必须”时，时，have to与与m

28、ust意思意思上很接近。但上很接近。但must常表示说话人的主观看法常表示说话人的主观看法；而而have to一般强调客观需要一般强调客观需要。1)Im very tired.I must sit down and have a rest.2)I have to hurry up now.I have a train to catch.七、七、ought to的用法的用法ought to表示表示“应该；应当应该；应当”，可以表示有责任或义务，可以表示有责任或义务而做某事。没有人称、数和时态的变化，否定式为而做某事。没有人称、数和时态的变化，否定式为 ought not to。1)They ou

29、ght to apologize.2)Such things ought not to be allowed.3)He oughtnt to have been driving so fast.【比较比较】ought to 和和shouldought to与与should一般来说，两者可以互换，只是一般来说，两者可以互换，只是ought to的语气略强。另外，表示的语气略强。另外，表示出于法令规则、行为准则、出于法令规则、行为准则、道德责任等客观情况而道德责任等客观情况而“应该应该”做某事做某事，通常用，通常用ought to；若用；若用should则含有则含有个人意见，强调主观看法个人意见，

30、强调主观看法。1)You are older brother.You ought to take care of your little sister.2)You should not waste time in watching TV.八、八、had better 的用法的用法had better，“最好最好”，缩写为，缩写为“dbetter”，表示提出建议、劝告或命令等，含有表示提出建议、劝告或命令等，含有“应该做应该做某事，有义务做某事某事，有义务做某事”之意，一般适用于对晚之意，一般适用于对晚辈、平辈。辈、平辈。1)Its half past two.I think we had be

31、tter go home.否定形式为否定形式为had better not，疑问句中，疑问句中had better的否定形式有两种：的否定形式有两种：Hadnt+主语主语+better+V原形原形+.?Had+主语主语+betternot+V原形原形+?1)You had better not talk with strangers.2)Hadnt you better go with them?3)Had we better not go?A:Who is knocking at the door?B:It _ be Tom.He said he would come at this tim

32、e.A:It _ be him.He has gone abroad.B:It _ be John,but I am not sure.A:Who _ it be?B:Got it?It is Mary.must cantmaycanRead the passage and fill in the blanks with suitable modal verbs in the box.情态动词情态动词表推测：表推测：情态动词情态动词+do推测推测现在或将来现在或将来发生的动作或状态；发生的动作或状态；情态动词情态动词+be doing 推测推测正在进行正在进行的动作获状态；的动作获状态；情态动

33、词情态动词+have done推测推测过去过去发生的动作或状发生的动作或状态。态。1)Tim must have a car now.他一定有辆小汽车。他一定有辆小汽车。2)He must be doing his exercises in the classroom.他一定正在教室做练习。他一定正在教室做练习。3)He must have finished the work,for he is chatting with his classmates happily.他一定已经完成了作业，因为他正在跟同事快乐地他一定已经完成了作业，因为他正在跟同事快乐地聊天。聊天。情态动词的特殊用法情态动词

34、的特殊用法 对肯定、把握性很大情况的推测：对肯定、把握性很大情况的推测：must be/do (现在或将来现在或将来)must be doing(说话时正在进行说话时正在进行)must have done (已发生的或状态已发生的或状态)对否定情况的推测对否定情况的推测：can/could not be/do (现在或将来现在或将来)can/could not be doing(正在发生的动作正在发生的动作)can/could not have done(过去的动作或状态过去的动作或状态)对不太肯定、把握性不大情况的推测：对不太肯定、把握性不大情况的推测：may/might(not)be/do

35、 (现在或将来现在或将来)may/might(not)be doing (说话时正在发生动作说话时正在发生动作)may/might(not)have done(已发生的动作或状态已发生的动作或状态)(1)could/might have done 本来能够做的事却没做本来能够做的事却没做 He could have worked out the problem.(2)should/ought to have done 本来应该做而实际上未做本来应该做而实际上未做 I really regretted wasting the hours when I should have studied ha

36、rd,but it was too late.(3)ought not to have done/shouldnt have done 本来不应该做而实际上做了本来不应该做而实际上做了 Im very sorry for the words I shouldnt have said to you at that moment.1.With so much work on hand,you _to see the game last night.A.mustnt go B.could have gone C.shouldnt go D.shouldnt have gone2.-I saw Mar

37、y in the library yesterday.-You_ her.She is still abroad.A.mustnt see B.cant have seen C.mustnt have seen D.couldnt see3.Aunt Mary_the train;otherwise she would have arrived here by now.A.must have missed B.should have missed C.had missed D.might miss Exercises Fill in the blanks with suitable modal

38、 verbs in the box.In the film The Million Pound Bank Note,Henry Adams is stuck in a foreign country without money and friends,and with nowhere to stay.While this situation _seem unusual,it can sometimes happen to travellers.In case it happens to you on a trip abroad,what _ you do?First,and most impo

39、rtantly,you _ stay calm.Fear _ cause you to become confused.You need to think clearly.Second,you should go to your nearest consulate.They _ be able to help to some extent.Third,you _ do well to check with some local charities.They _ offer help to travellers in need.Fourth,you _ avoid getting into tr

40、ouble.You _ think that stealing some money or food would help you,but you should not do so.Getting caught _ ruin your life.may,must,can,ought to,might,had better,would,should may should must can ought towould mightwould had better P54 P54 2 2might Work in pairs.Discuss the scene from The Million Pou

41、nd Bank Note on page 52 and share your understanding of the story.Use modal verbs when necessary.A:I think its kind of Roderick and Oliver to give Henry the money.B:Im afraid I disagree.They shouldnt be making a bet on him.A:But Henry might get into trouble if they didnt offer him the money.B:Well,i

42、f they really wanted to help Henry,they could offer him a job.A:Maybe youre right.But I guess that would be a different story.P54 P54 4 4Suggested conversation:1)The said the letter inside would explain what it was all about.2)I said that I would go the next day.3)I thought it was going to rain.4)He

43、 asked where he was to put it.5)I was about to go to bed when the phone rang.6)Jack said he was leaving tomorrow.7)She didnt say whether she was coming to lunch.1)The said the letter inside _ _ what it was all about.2)I said that I _ _ the next day.3)I thought it _ _ _ _.4)He asked where he _ _ _ it

44、.5)I _ _ _ _ to bed when the phone rang.6)Jack said he _ _ tomorrow.7)She didnt say whether she _ _ to lunch.would go would explain was going to rainwas to put was about to go was leaving was coming go Ready?*定义；定义；*基本结构；基本结构；*动词构成和用法：动词构成和用法：1)would(not)+V原形原形2)was/were(not)going to+V原形原形3)was/were

45、(not)to+V原形原形4)was/were about to+V原形原形5)was/were+V-ingFocus on Focus on 基本用法基本用法过去将来时过去将来时过去将来时过去将来时表示从表示从过去的某一时间过去的某一时间来看来看将将来要发生的动作来要发生的动作或或呈现的状态呈现的状态。过去将来时常用于过去将来时常用于宾语从句宾语从句和和间接引语间接引语中。中。基本结构：基本结构：同一般将来时，将系动词同一般将来时，将系动词be或情态动词或情态动词will变为过去式，即：变为过去式，即：was/were going to+V;would+V过去将来时过去将来时1)I didn

46、t know if he was going to come.2)She told us that she would not go with us,if it rained.2.动词构成和用法动词构成和用法1)would(not)+V原形原形He promised that he would help me.他答应他会帮助我。他答应他会帮助我。When I worked on a farm,I would get up at 5 a.m.我在农场劳动时，总是早上我在农场劳动时，总是早上5点钟起床。点钟起床。表示过去的习惯：即过去的动作习惯或表示过去的习惯：即过去的动作习惯或倾向。倾向。表从过

47、去某一时间来看将要发生的动作。表从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作。(尤其用于宾语从句中尤其用于宾语从句中)2)was/were(not)going to+V原形原形I was going to leave when he came in.他进来时我正要离开。他进来时我正要离开。I thought it was going to rain.我想要下雨了。我想要下雨了。表示过去的打算。表示过去的打算。表示在过去看来有迹象表明将要发生某事。表示在过去看来有迹象表明将要发生某事。3)was/were(not)to+V原形：原形：He asked where he was to put it.他问他该把

48、它放在哪里。他问他该把它放在哪里。She said she was to get married next month.她说她计划在下个月结婚。她说她计划在下个月结婚。表示过去按计划或安排要做的事情。表示过去按计划或安排要做的事情。4)was/were about to+动词原形动词原形I was about to go to bed when the phone rang.电话铃响时我正好要上床睡。电话铃响时我正好要上床睡。I couldnt go to Toms party as I was about to go into hospital.我就要住院，所以不能参加汤姆办的晚会了。我就要

49、住院，所以不能参加汤姆办的晚会了。表示在过去看来即将要发生的动作，由于表示在过去看来即将要发生的动作，由于本身已含有本身已含有“即将即将”的意味，所以不再的意味，所以不再与与表示具体的过去时间状语连用。表示具体的过去时间状语连用。Jack said he was leaving tomorrow.杰克说他打算明天动身。杰克说他打算明天动身。She didnt say whether she was coming to lunch.她没有说她是否来吃午饭。她没有说她是否来吃午饭。注意：注意：可用于该句型中动词可用于该句型中动词为为come,go,leave,arrive,begin,start,

50、stop,close,open,die,join,borrow,buy等瞬间动词。等瞬间动词。表示在过去看来即将发生的动作。表示在过去看来即将发生的动作。5)was/were+V-ing：1.She said the bus _(leave)at five the next morning.2.I wasnt sure whether he _ _(lend)me his book the next morning.3.I _(write)a letter next week.4.She said that she_ _(write)a letter next week.Complete th