外科护理学课件第07章手术后护理2016-3-29.pptx
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1、外科护理教研室外科护理教研室外科护理学外科护理学 外科护理教研室外科护理教研室外科护理学外科护理学外科护理学外科护理学外科护理教研室外科护理教研室2023-4-30吉林大学护理学院 袁华2手术后期护理要点手术后期护理要点加强监护,维持各系统正常的生理功能加强监护,维持各系统正常的生理功能减轻病人的疼痛和不适减轻病人的疼痛和不适预防或减少术后并发症预防或减少术后并发症提供健康指导,制定康复计划提供健康指导,制定康复计划外科护理教研室外科护理教研室外科护理学外科护理学外科护理学外科护理学外科护理教研室外科护理教研室Postoperative CarePostoperative Care1.Imme
2、diate postoperative care(the 1.Immediate postoperative care(the recovery phase)recovery phase)2.Care on the ward until discharge from 2.Care on the ward until discharge from hospitalhospital3.Continuing care after discharge(e.g.stoma 3.Continuing care after discharge(e.g.stoma care,physiotherapy,sur
3、veillance)care,physiotherapy,surveillance)外科护理教研室外科护理教研室外科护理学外科护理学外科护理学外科护理学外科护理教研室外科护理教研室2023-4-30吉林大学护理学院 袁华4护理评估护理评估1.1.评估术中情况评估术中情况2.2.评估术后身体状况评估术后身体状况3.3.评估术后心理状况评估术后心理状况外科护理教研室外科护理教研室外科护理学外科护理学外科护理学外科护理学外科护理教研室外科护理教研室2023-4-30吉林大学护理学院 袁华5术后身体状况评估术后身体状况评估 生命体征、意识状态、切口和引流生命体征、意识状态、切口和引流情况、体液平衡、营
4、养状况、休息、情况、体液平衡、营养状况、休息、睡眠和反射、感觉、运动情况睡眠和反射、感觉、运动情况 术后不适的发生情况术后不适的发生情况 术后并发症术后并发症外科护理教研室外科护理教研室外科护理学外科护理学外科护理学外科护理学外科护理教研室外科护理教研室Postoperative Assessment Postoperative Assessment Vital signsVital signs Respiratory statusRespiratory status Level of consciousnessLevel of consciousness Surgical site:Dres
5、sings,drains,catheter,tubes Surgical site:Dressings,drains,catheter,tubes Pain assessmentPain assessment IV site:solution,rateIV site:solution,rate外科护理教研室外科护理教研室外科护理学外科护理学外科护理学外科护理学外科护理教研室外科护理教研室Post Anesthesia Care UnitPost Anesthesia Care Unit Immediate Postoperative Period:First 1-2 hoursImmediat
6、e Postoperative Period:First 1-2 hours Monitoring of airway,breathing and circulation is Monitoring of airway,breathing and circulation is the main prioritythe main priority PACU teamPACU team nursenurse monitor and assess client monitor and assess client Anesthesiologist Anesthesiologist in charge
7、of cardiopulmonary in charge of cardiopulmonary functionsfunctions Surgeon Surgeon responsible for all the restresponsible for all the rest外科护理教研室外科护理教研室外科护理学外科护理学外科护理学外科护理学外科护理教研室外科护理教研室Surgeons ResponsibilitiesSurgeons Responsibilities1.1.Monitor vital signsMonitor vital signs2.2.CVP,Swan-Ganz rea
8、ding,ICP,distal pulseCVP,Swan-Ganz reading,ICP,distal pulse3.3.Fluid balance,electrolytesFluid balance,electrolytes4.4.Respiratory careRespiratory care5.5.Position in bedPosition in bed6.6.MobilizationMobilization7.7.Drainage tubesDrainage tubes8.8.MedicationsMedications9.9.DietDiet外科护理教研室外科护理教研室外科护
9、理学外科护理学外科护理学外科护理学外科护理教研室外科护理教研室PACUPACU Nursing ConsiderationsNursing Considerations1.1.Airway maintenanceAirway maintenance2.2.Vital signsVital signs3.3.Respiratory assessmentRespiratory assessment4.4.Neurological assessmentNeurological assessment5.5.Surgical site statusSurgical site status6.6.Safe
10、tySafety7.7.Monitoring anesthetic effects/pain reliefMonitoring anesthetic effects/pain relief8.8.Assessing PACU discharge readinessAssessing PACU discharge readiness外科护理教研室外科护理教研室外科护理学外科护理学外科护理学外科护理学外科护理教研室外科护理教研室Care on wardCare on wardAim isAim is to maintain a stable general condition and to mai
11、ntain a stable general condition and detect any complications earlydetect any complications early外科护理教研室外科护理教研室外科护理学外科护理学外科护理学外科护理学外科护理教研室外科护理教研室术后护理Care on wardCare on ward1-Monitor respiratory status and promote 1-Monitor respiratory status and promote optimal functioningoptimal functioning2-Monit
12、or cardiovascular status and avoid 2-Monitor cardiovascular status and avoid post-op complicationpost-op complication3-Promote adequate fluid and electrolyte 3-Promote adequate fluid and electrolyte balancebalance4-Promote optimal nutrition4-Promote optimal nutrition外科护理教研室外科护理教研室外科护理学外科护理学外科护理学外科护理
13、学外科护理教研室外科护理教研室5-Monitor and promote return of urinary 5-Monitor and promote return of urinary functionfunction6-Promote bowel elimination6-Promote bowel elimination7-Pain relief7-Pain relief8-Encourage optimal activity8-Encourage optimal activity9-Provide care of Surgical site9-Provide care of Surg
14、ical site10-Provide psychological support10-Provide psychological support外科护理教研室外科护理教研室外科护理学外科护理学外科护理学外科护理学外科护理教研室外科护理教研室术后护理 postoperative carepostoperative care(一)(一)一般护理一般护理(二)(二)术后不适的护理术后不适的护理(三)(三)术后并发症的观察和护理术后并发症的观察和护理外科护理教研室外科护理教研室外科护理学外科护理学外科护理学外科护理学外科护理教研室外科护理教研室1.1.安置病人、保证安全的护理安置病人、保证安全的护理
15、2.2.合适的体位合适的体位3.3.保持病人呼吸道通畅保持病人呼吸道通畅4.4.做好病情的观察做好病情的观察5.5.维持静脉输液和药物治疗维持静脉输液和药物治疗6.6.术后饮食与营养术后饮食与营养7.7.切口和引流的护理切口和引流的护理6.6.休息与活动休息与活动外科护理教研室外科护理教研室外科护理学外科护理学外科护理学外科护理学外科护理教研室外科护理教研室Position in bed Position in bed 合适的体位合适的体位3.13.1全麻而尚未清醒者,平卧、头转向一全麻而尚未清醒者,平卧、头转向一侧,避免误吸;侧,避免误吸;3.23.2蛛网膜下腔麻醉者,平卧或头低卧位蛛网膜下
16、腔麻醉者,平卧或头低卧位6-86-8小时,防头痛;小时,防头痛;3.33.3全麻清醒后、腰麻全麻清醒后、腰麻6-86-8小时后、硬脊小时后、硬脊膜外腔麻醉、局麻者,可根据手术需膜外腔麻醉、局麻者,可根据手术需要安置卧位要安置卧位.外科护理教研室外科护理教研室外科护理学外科护理学外科护理学外科护理学外科护理教研室外科护理教研室2023-4-30吉林大学护理学院 袁华16(1 1)颅脑手术后,如无休克或昏迷,可取)颅脑手术后,如无休克或昏迷,可取15150 030300 0头头高脚低斜坡卧位。高脚低斜坡卧位。(2 2)颈、胸部手术后,多采用高半坐位卧式,以利呼)颈、胸部手术后,多采用高半坐位卧式,
17、以利呼吸及引流;吸及引流;(3 3)腹部手术后,取低半坐位式或斜坡卧位,减少腹)腹部手术后,取低半坐位式或斜坡卧位,减少腹壁张力;腹腔内有污染者,尽早改为半坐位或头高壁张力;腹腔内有污染者,尽早改为半坐位或头高脚低位脚低位(4 4)脊柱或臀部手术后,可采用俯卧位)脊柱或臀部手术后,可采用俯卧位(5 5)休克病人,中凹卧位)休克病人,中凹卧位(6 6)肥胖病人可取侧卧位,以利呼吸和静脉回流)肥胖病人可取侧卧位,以利呼吸和静脉回流外科护理教研室外科护理教研室外科护理学外科护理学外科护理学外科护理学外科护理教研室外科护理教研室 Airway and breathing Airway and brea
18、thing all secretions must be cleared by suction all secretions must be cleared by suction and the artificial airway left until the patient and the artificial airway left until the patient can maintain his or her own airwaycan maintain his or her own airway Breathing depressed and hypoxia due to:Brea
19、thing depressed and hypoxia due to:Airway obstruction Airway obstruction Residual anaesthetic gases Residual anaesthetic gases Depressant effects of opioids Depressant effects of opioids外科护理教研室外科护理教研室外科护理学外科护理学外科护理学外科护理学外科护理教研室外科护理教研室病情观察病情观察 Vital signsVital signs2.1 Heart rate2.1 Heart rateTachyca
20、rdia occurs with hypovolaemia,Tachycardia occurs with hypovolaemia,infection,anxiety,fear,fever and paininfection,anxiety,fear,fever and painBradycardia occur with heart block Bradycardia occur with heart block associated with myocardial ischaemiaassociated with myocardial ischaemia外科护理教研室外科护理教研室外科护
21、理学外科护理学 2.2 Blood pressure2.2 Blood pressureBlood pressure falls Blood pressure falls 1.hypovolaemia due to blood or fluid 1.hypovolaemia due to blood or fluid lossloss2.during cardiac failure from primary 2.during cardiac failure from primary myocardial dysfunction or tamponademyocardial dysfunctio
22、n or tamponade3.result of severe sepsis or anaphylaxis3.result of severe sepsis or anaphylaxis外科护理教研室外科护理教研室外科护理学外科护理学2.3 Body temperature2.3 Body temperatureLow-grade fever is also present Low-grade fever is also present 1.1.after accidental or surgical trauma and after accidental or surgical traum
23、a and particularly when hematomaparticularly when hematoma2.2.foreign bodyforeign body3.3.urinary retention urinary retention 4.4.DVTDVT5.5.Bronchial secretionsBronchial secretions外科护理教研室外科护理教研室外科护理学外科护理学Hypothermia(temperature 34Hypothermia(temperature 34C)C)occur occur 1.1.septic shock septic shoc
24、k2.2.Reduced metabolism associated with a Reduced metabolism associated with a hypothyroid statehypothyroid state3.3.Severe anemiaSevere anemia4.4.exposure to coldexposure to cold低体温会引起术后感染,避免低体温低体温会引起术后感染,避免低体温外科护理教研室外科护理教研室外科护理学外科护理学 2.4 Ventilatory monitoring2.4 Ventilatory monitoringAn arterial
25、oxygen saturation of 95%An arterial oxygen saturation of 95%represents a partial pressure of oxygen represents a partial pressure of oxygen(PaO2)value of approximately 85 mmHg(PaO2)value of approximately 85 mmHg外科护理教研室外科护理教研室外科护理学外科护理学病情观察:病情观察:Urinary outputUrinary outputThe hourly rate of urine ou
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