初中英语中考常用高频近义词（短语）辨析汇总（共150组）.docx

1、中考英语常用高频近义词（短语）辨析91.in class, in the classin class在课上in the class在班级里 eg.He is the best student in the class.2.on fire, on the fireon fire着火on the fire在火上 eg.Put the food on the fire.eg.The house is on fire.3.out of question, out of the questionout of question毫无疑问的out of the question不可能的4.a second,

2、the seconda second又一，再一，the second第eg.He won the second prize.5.by day, by the dayby day白天by the day按天计算 eg.The workers are paid by the day.1.the people, a peoplethe people指人a people指民族 eg.The Chinese is a peace-loving people.2.it, oneit同一物体one同类不同一 eg.I lost my pen.I have to buy a new one.3.that, t

3、histhat指代上文所提到的;比较级中用其指代this导出下文所要说的 eg.I was ill.Thats why4.none, nothing, no onenone强调有多少nothing, no one强调有没有，nothing指物，no one指人eg.- How many/How much? - None.eg.- Who?- No one.eg- What?- Nothing.5.anyone, any oneanyone指人，不能接ofany one指人物均可，可接of 6.who, whatwho指姓名或关系what指职业或地位eg.What is your dad? He

4、 is a teacher.7.what, whichwhat的选择基础是无限制的which在一定范围内进行选择eg.Which do you prefer, bananas or apples?8.other, anotherother后接名词复数another后接名词单数 eg.other students, another student9.not a little, not a bitnot a little非常not a bit一点也不 eg.Im not a bit tired.我一点儿也不累。10.many, much, a lot ofmany和可数名词连用much和不可数名词

5、连用a lot of可数，不可数均可，但不用于否定句 eg.I havent got many books.11.much morethan, many morethanmuch morethan后接形容词或不可数名词many morethan后接可数名词 eg.many more people, much more water, much more beautiful12.no, notno=not a/any no friend=not a/any friend no water=not any water13.no more than, not more thanno more than

6、相当于only，仅仅，只有not more than 至多，不超过14.majority, mostmajority只能修饰可数名词most可数不可数均可 eg.the majority of people15.by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneselfby oneself单独的，独自的for oneself为自己to oneself供自己用的of oneself 自行的,自动的 eg.The door opened of itself.21.at all, after allat all根本，全然after all到底，毕竟 eg.Afte

7、r all , he is a child.22.tall, hightall常指人或动物high常指物体23.fast, quicklyfast侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点quickly侧重指某事完成或发生的快 eg.run fast, answer the question quickly24.high, highlyhigh具体的高，highly抽象的高，高度的 think highly of.高度赞扬.25.healthy, healthfulhealthy健康的，健壮的healthful有益于健康的 eg.healthful exercise26.sleeping, asle

8、ep, sleepysleeping正在睡觉asleep睡着，熟睡，只能做表语sleepy困的，有睡意的eg.a sleeping baby.egThe baby is asleep.eg.Im sleepy.27.gold, goldengold指真金制品 a gold ringgolden指金色的但金鱼用gold fish 28.most, mostlymost用于表感受的肯定句中，译为“大多数”时是形容词或名词；译为“极其，非常”时是副词mostly大部分,是副词 most people, the people are mostly29.just, veryjust表强调时是副词，作状语

9、very表强调时是形容词，用作定语 the very man（正是这个人）, just the man30.wide, broadwide侧重于一边到另一边的距离broad侧重于幅面的宽广eg.broad shoulders31.real, truereal真的，真实的，指的是事实上存在而不是想象的true真的，真正的，指的是事实和实际情况相符合eg.real gold, a true story32.respectful, respectablerespectful尊敬，有礼貌respectable可敬的，值得尊敬的 eg.be respectful to the aged(老年人）33.o

10、utwards, outward二者均可用作副词，表示向外，外面outward还可用作形容词 eg.an outward voyage34.pleasant, pleased, pleasingpleasant常用作定语pleased, pleasing常用作表语pleased主语常为人pleasing主语常为物eg.a pleasant trip = The trip is pleasing.35.understanding, understandableunderstanding明白事理的，能体谅的understandable 可理解的，能够懂的eg.an understanding gi

11、rl, an understandable mistake36.close, closelyclose接近，靠近closely紧紧地，紧密地 eg.closely connected, stand close37.ill, sickill做表语sick定，表均可eg.a sick boy38.good, wellgood形容词well副词，但指身体状况是形容词 eg.He is well again.39.quiet, silent, stillquiet安静的，可以发出小的声音silent不发出声音，但可以动still完全不动，完全无声响 eg.He stand there still.他站

12、在那儿，一动不动，也不说话。40.hard, hardlyhard努力hardly几乎不 eg.work hard eg.I can hardly believe it.41.able, capableable与不定式to do连用capable与of连用eg.He is capable of doing42.almost, nearly二者均为几乎,差不多 和否定词连用用almost eg.almost nobody43.late, latelylate迟，晚lately最近，近来 eg.I havent seen him lately.44.living, alive, live, liv

13、elyliving, alive, live均为活着的living定表均可alive定表均可，定语后置live只能做定语lively意为活波的 eg.all the living people=all the people alive45.excited, excitingexcited使人兴奋的exciting令人兴奋的 eg.Im excited.eg.The news is exciting.46.deep, deeplydeep具体的深deeply抽象的深，深深地 eg.deeply moved, dig deep47.aloud, loudaloud出声地 read aloud(出声

14、地读)loud大声地 48.worth, worthy二者均为值得worth后接doingworthy后接to be done, of being doneeg.It is worth visiting.= Its worthy to be visited.=Its worthy of being visited.49.bad, badlybad形容词badly副词，不好，但与need, want, require连用为很，非常 eg.go badeg.I need the book badly.50.before long, long beforebefore long不久以后long be

15、fore很久以前 eg.not long before = before long51.quite, ratherquite完全地，相当于completelyrather修饰比较级 eg.quite impossible52.happy, gladhappy高兴，幸福，定表均可glad高兴，只能做表语 53.instead, instead ofinstead是副词，放在句首或句末instead of是介词短语，放在句中eg.He didnt see a film.Instead he watched TV.eg.He watched TV instead of seeing a film.5

16、4.too much, much tootoo much 后接不可数名词much too后接形容词 55.be about to, be going to, be to dobe about to表最近的将来，后面不接时间状语be going to 侧重打算，想法be to do侧重意志，计划，安排eg.Im to meet him.(含双方事先约好的意思)56.raise, riseraise及物动词rise不及物动词 eg.The sun rises in the east.57.bring, take, carry, fetchbring拿来take带走carry随身携带fetch去回这

17、一往返动作 58.spend, take, pay, costspend人做主语，花钱，花时间;spendon sth./in doing sth;take物做主语花时间 it takes sb st to do sth.pay人做主语，花钱，pay forcost物做主语，花钱59.join, join in, take part injoin加入某个组织，并成为其中的一员;join sb.join in参加小型的活动take part in 参加大型的活动 eg.He joined the army five years ago.60.learn, studylearn学习，侧重学习的结果

18、study学习，侧重学习的过程，研究study the problem61.want, hope, wishwant打算，想要，want to do, want sb.to dohope希望（通常可以实现），hope to do/ hope that wish希望（通常不能实现）wish (sb.) to do, wish sb/sth.+ n.eg.I wish you success.62.discover, invent, find outdiscover发现本来存在但不为人所知的东西invent发明本来不存在的物体find out发现，查明 eg.At last he found ou

19、t the truth.63.answer, replyanswer及物动词reply不及物动词，后接 to eg.reply to the letter64.leave, leave forleave离开,leave for前往 eg.He left Beijing for Shanghai.65.rob, stealrob抢劫 rob sb.of sth.steal偷 steal sth.from sb.66.shoot, shoot atshoot射死，shoot at瞄准，但不一定射中 eg.He shot the bird and it died.67.drop, falldrop及

20、物不及物均可fall不及物动词 eg.Prices fell/dropped.eg.He dropped his voice.68.search, search forsearch后接地点search for后接东西 eg.He searched his pocket for money.69.used to, be used toused to过去常常be used to习惯于，后接sth./doing sth.；被用来，后接 do sth.eg.He is used to getting up early.70.win, lose, beatwin后接sth.，反义词为lose,beat后

21、接sb.eg.win the game, beat them71.live on, live bylive on以为主食live by靠谋生 eg.live on fish/ live by fishing72.beat, hit, strikebeat连续性地击打hit打中，对准打strike打一下或若干下 eg.beat the wings73.meet, meet withmeet遇到，meet with体验到，遭遇到 eg.meet with an accident74.lose, misslose失去（具体的物体），错过 sth.is lost, lose the chancemis

22、s 想念，错过sth.is missingeg.miss the chance75.be tired of, be tired with/frombe tired of厌烦be tired with/from因为而累了 eg.be tired with/from running 800 meters76.care about, care forcare about关心，计较，在乎，一般多用于否定句中care for关心，照料，喜欢，愿意eg.He doesnt care about his clothes.eg.I dont care for movies.77.catch a cold, h

23、ave a coldcatch a cold不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，而have a cold可以eg.She has had a cold for a week.78.change for, change intochange for调换成change into变成 eg.Change the shirt for a bigger one.eg.Water changes into ice.79.continue, last二者均为持续continue主动，被动均可last只能用主动 eg.The war continued/lasted five years.eg.The story

24、is to be continued.80.feed, raisefeed喂养，养活，饲养 (to give food to)raise饲养，养育 (cause to grow, bring up children)eg.raise the family81.go for a doctor, go to a doctorgo for a doctor去请医生go to a doctor去看病82.notice, observe, catch sight ofnotice注意到observe观察，仔细地看catch sight of突然看到 83.insist on, stick toinsis

25、t on坚持要求，后常接doingstick to坚持, 后常接sth.eg.stick to the plan84.look, seem, appearlook指从外表上看 look like his fatherseem指内心的判断appear指给人以表面的印象 appear wise85.gather, collectgather把分散的东西集中到一起 collect指精心地、有选择地进行收集 collect stamps86.mean to do, mean doingmean to do打算，想要做某事mean doing意思是，意味着eg.By this I mean giving

26、 the students more practice.87.die from, die ofdie from表示死于（枪）伤，虚弱，过度劳累饮食过度等die of表示死于疾病，饥饿，寒冷，年老，忧愁，失恋等精神因素 eg.die of hunger and cold88.pay for, pay back, pay offpay for为付钱pay back还钱，但不一定还清pay off还清 eg.pay for the book, pay off the debt89.divide, separatedivide把一个整体分成几部分(into搭配）separate把连在一起的个体分开（f

27、rom搭配）eg.divide the apple, separate the houses90.arrive, get, reacharrive不及物动词，后接in (大地点)，at(小地点)get不及物动词后接toreach及物动词eg.arrive in Beijing, get to Beijing, reach Beijing91.grow, plantgrow使某种植物在某地生长着或使其发展下去plant移植，移栽已经长成秧苗的植物eg.plant the trees, trees are growing92.manage, trymanage to do设法做成了某事try to

28、 do尽力去做某事但不一定成功eg.He tried to pass the exam, but he failed.93.choose, selectchoose凭个人的判断力进行选择select有目的地仔细认真地选择 eg.choose the best answer94.build, put up, set up, foundbuild一般用语，建成put up临时搭建set up建成（内部的设施基本齐全）found国家或组织的建成 eg.put up a tent, set up a school95.be familiar to, be familiar withbe familia

29、r to某物对某人来说是熟悉的be familiar with某人熟悉某物eg.The book is familiar to me.eg.Im familiar with the book.96.agree with, agree to, agree onagree with同意某人agree to同意某事agree on在上达成一致意见，主语是复数 eg.agree with you, agree to the plan97.throw to, throw atthrow to扔到throw at朝扔 eg.He throw a stone at me.98.receive, accept

30、receive收到某一东西，但不一定接受accept接受 eg.I received a gift, but I didnt accept it.99.wear, put on, dresswear和dress表状态wear接衣服等,可用进行时dress接人 be dressed in,put on表动作eg.Its cold outside.Put on your warm clothes.100.listen, hearlisten强调动作hear强调结果 eg.I listened, but I heard nothing.101.look, see, watchlook看的动作see看

31、的结果watch强调所看物体的变化、移动和发展102.lie, laylie躺，位于(lay, lain)lie,说谎(lied, lied)lay平放,摆放(laid, laid) 103.work as, act aswork as工作是act as充当某种职务或身份，或扮演某种角色 eg.He works as a teacher.eg.He acts as an interpreter.104.move, removemove动一动，但不一定移走remove从一处移到另一处 eg.remove the table to the kitchen105.hurt, injure, woun

32、dhurt感情上受伤injure事故中受伤wound战争中受伤 eg.He was wounded in the war.106.turn, get, growturn表突变，后常接表颜色的词get强调变的结果grow强调过程，逐渐的变化eg.turn yellow, get tired, grow big107.close, shut, turn offclose和shut当关解时可以通用，用于可开合的物体turn off用于指有开关的物体eg.Close/Shut the door.eg.Turn off the TV.108.set out, set about, set off指出发，

33、着手解时，set out 后接 to doset about 后接doingset off 后接 for sp.109.begin, startbegin侧重时间的开始，反义词为endstart侧重由静到动的转折，反义词为stopeg.Class begins at 7:30a.m.110.happen, take placehappen偶然性的没有预料到的事情的发生take place必然性的发生eg.Great changes have taken place in my hometown.111.at, in (表地点)at小地点，in大地点 eg.arrive at a small v

34、illage, arrive in Shanghai112.at work, in workat work在工作，在上班in work 有职业，有工作eg.Both my parents are at work.They are not at home.113.increase to, increase byincrease to增长到increase by增长了 eg.The number increased by 2,000 to 5,000.114.at ease, with easeat ease舒适地，安逸地with ease容易地，无困难地 do it with ease115.d

35、ay after day, day by dayday after day日复一日（无变化）day by day一天天地（有变化）eg.Trees grow taller day by day.116.like, aslike相似关系，但并不等同as同一关系，两者实为一体eg.Dont treat me as a child.(In fact, Im a child.)117.after, in (表时间)after接时间点，in接时间段 eg.after 7:00, in five minutes118.between, amongbetween两者之间，三者或三者以上两两之间among三者

36、或三者以上之间eg.Switzerland lies between France, Germany, Australia and Italy.119.after, behind (表位置)after强调次序的先后behind强调物体静态位置的前后 eg.There are many trees behind the house.120.since, for (完成时间状语)since接时间点；接时间段+ago；接句子（一般过去时）It has been + 时间段 + since + 句子It is + 时间段 + since + 句子for接一段时间 121.on the corner,

37、in the corner, at the corneron the corner物体表面的角上in the corner物体内部的角落里at the corner物体外部的角落上（拐角处）122.warn sb.of, warn sb.againstwarn sb.of提醒某人注意某事warn sb.against提醒某人不要做某事 = warn sb.not to do sth.eg.warn him against swimming in that part of the river123.at peace, in peaceat peace平静地in peace和平地 eg.live

38、in peace with ones neighbors124.on earth, on the earth, in the earthon earth在世上，在人间，到底，究竟，一点也不on the earth在地上，在地球上in the earth在地下，在泥土里 125.in surprise, to ones surprise, by surprisein surprise惊奇地to ones surprise使某人吃惊的是by surprise使惊慌eg.The question took the professor by surprise.126.in the air, on th

39、e air, in the skyin the air正在酝酿中on the air播送，广播in the sky在天空中eg.His show is on the air at 6:00 tonight.127.in the field, on the fieldin the field在野外on the field在战场上 eg.He lost his life on the field.128.in the market, on the marketin the market表示场所或地点，在市场上on the market出售eg.He sells fish in the market

40、.Fresh vegetables are on the market now.129.in the sun, under the sunin the sun在阳光下under the sun地球上，全世界 people under the sun130.in a voice, with one voicein a voice出声地with one voice异口同声地 eg.They refused with one voice.131.through, acrossthrough穿越空间 through the forest/crowd/tunnel/city/windowacross在上

41、穿过, swim across the river132.on the way, in the wayon the way在前往的路上in the way挡路 eg.The chair is in the way.133.above, on, overabove在上面，不接触on在上面，接触over在正上方 fly over the hill134.until, notuntiluntil到为止notuntil直到才（常跟点动词连用）eg.I waited until 3:00.eg.He didnt come until 3:00.135.besides, except, except fo

42、rbesides除了还（包括在内）= in addition toexcept除了（不包括在内）except for整体除了某一点以外 eg.The composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.136.whether, if当是否解时，只有在宾语从句中二者可以互换，其余都用whether，当如果解时用if。（主将从现；whether+or not/ to do ,介词后+whether）eg.I dont know if/whether he will come.If he comes, Ill let you know.137

43、.and, orand并且，or或者，否则，常用于否定句中 I dont like apples or bananas.eg.Hurry up and youll catch the bus.Hurry up or youll miss the bus.138.because, since, as, for原因由强到弱为：because, since/as, for在句中的位置如下：1)because 2) Since/as, Since I was ill, I didnt go.3) , for 139.when, as, while (表时间)when从句动词点动词，持续性动词均可as重

44、在表示动作同时发生，伴随进行while从句动词为持续性动词 eg.While I slept, a thief broke in.140.the sameas, the samethatthe sameas和一样的（相似但不同一）the samethat 同一物体eg.This is the same pen that I used yesterday.(同一支笔)141.as well, as well asas well也，常放于句末，和and连用表示既又as well as并列连词，不但而且eg.He is a professor, and a writer as well.142.suchas, suchthatsuchas像样的suchthat如此以至于 eg.He is not such a fool as he looks like.eg.He is such a good student that all the teachers like him.143.because, because ofbecause连