初中英语语法介词知识点汇总(DOC 7页).doc

1、初中英语语法介词知识点汇总介 词 介词是一种虚词，不能独立充当句子成分，需与动词、形容词和名词搭配，才能在句子中充当成分。介词是用于名词或代词之前，表示词与词之间关系的词类，介词常与动词、形容词和名词搭配表示不同意义。介词短语中介词后接名词、代词或可以替代名词的词(如:动名词v-ing).介词后的代词永远为宾格形式。 一、表示时间的介词 (一)表示时间段的介词 (1)in , after in +时间段，表示从现在起往后推算一段时间 after +时间段，表示过去某时间往后推算一段时间，如: Hell come back in two days. 但点钟用after( after three

2、oclock) He left on July 2 and returned after three days. (2)in , during 表示在一段特指的时间内，可用in 或during The work was done in / during the holidays. :in 1999 ,in June , in winter 表示年份、月份、季节用in , 如(3)in last, for the past + 时间段, during 表示在最近一段时间内，句中谓语动词常用现在完成时 I have been in Shanghai in the last few years. (

3、4)for 表示延续一段时间。 Ill study in the U.S for two years Ive waited for Bingo for half an hour. (二)表示某一时间的介词 (1)at, on at 表示某一时刻，on 表示某一天或日期, 如: at 7:14, on Saturday morning on the night of May2 一天内各段时间表达, 选用正确的介词，请比较: in the morning on a winter / snow / cold / morning at night thon the night of March 7 i

4、n the evening on Friday evening (2)before, by before 表示某一时间之前，而by 表示到某一时间止，句中谓语动词多用完成时态。如:You must get up before six. 你必须六点之前起床。 By the end of last month the boy had got 4 “As”. 到上月底这个男孩已得了4个A. (3)after , since after 可以表示过去某一点时间之后，并不延续说话时间,和一般过去连用，而since表示从过去某时间开始的一段时间延续到说话时间, 与现在完时连用 如; My father l

5、ived in Shanghai after liberation . 解放后我父亲住在上海. Since the end of last year the lady has given five concerts. 自去年年底以来，这位女士开了五十场音乐会 (4)fromto, until / till from-to表示从某一点时间到另一点时间的一段时间，而until till 表示某动作或状态延续到某点时间如: My mother studied in Beijing University from 1960 to 1964. 从1960年到1964年我妈妈在北京大学学习。 My mot

6、her entered Beijing University in 1960, and studied there until 1964. 我妈妈1960年进入北京大学，一直学习到1964年。(但“从早到晚”常表达为from morning till night) (三)不用介词表示时间的词或词组 含this, that, last, next 的表示时间的名词词组,以及某些时间的副词或名词词组前不用介词,如:this year last summer, yesterday , the day after tomorrow 等。 二、表示事物之间位置的介词 (1)at, in 当事物被视作一点

7、，不强调其空间常用介词at, 而表示空间内部用介词in, 如: Well meet at the supermarket 我们在超市见面 I had to stay in the supermarket as it was raining hard 因为下大雨，我只好呆在超市里 *动词arrive 后接at ,表示较小的地方, 如: 车站、村庄等.后接in 表示较大地方，如: 城市,地区等 )in, to (2in 表示事物在区域范围内的位置，to 表示事物对区域范围之外另一事物的位置，如: Shanghai is in the east of China. 上海在中国东部 Japan lie

8、s to the east of China. 日本位于中国东面。 in front of 表示在前面,一般不在范围内，in the front of 表示在前面.在同一范围内。 (3)after, behind after 指顺序先后 ,behind 指位置在某事物之后，相对于in front of 而言, 如: He entered the classroom after the teacher Above Over He hid himself behind the door 他在门后。 On (4)on , in on 表示“在某事物表面上”。如将事物看作空间，表示On 在其内部，用介

9、词in。 On There is a modern painting on the wall . Under There is a modern painting on the wall . Below (5)from , off 都表示“离开” (6)above , over, below , under over , under 表示垂直的上下关系，而above, below 仅表示位置上“高于”或“低于”, 不表示垂直关系。 (7)between, among between 表示“两个事物之间”, among 表示“三者以上的事物之间”。 三、表示运动方向的介词 (1)into, in

10、side , in 从外到内 如: He went quickly into / inside the room. He went quickly into / inside the room. (2)out of 从里到外，相当于outside, 或从里向外,相当于from She went out of from the office in a hurry 她匆匆走出办公室. The boy watched the buses, cars and bikes out from the window . 这男孩透过窗观看外面的公交车、小汽车和自行车。 (3)on 在表面，onto 到上 A

11、boat is on the river. 一条小船在河上。 He jumped onto a tree. 他跳上一棵树 (4)across 穿过一平面、through 穿过一空间 The boy kicked the ball hard and it moved across the grass. 这男孩用力踢球，球飞过草地。 The train moved fast through the tunnel. 火车飞驶隧道。 )The train moved fast through the tunnel. 火车飞驶隧道。 (5She walked to the bank 她步行到银行去 Sh

12、e swam towards the shore 她朝岸边游去。 四、常用介词用法比较 (1)as , like as 表示“作为”强调身份，like (介词)表示“像” As a teacher, he cares for these children. Like a teacher, he cares for these children. (2)with , in with 表示“外貌特征或附带的东西” ,“ 用作工具” in 表示”衣着” ”用某语言”, 在固定搭配中也可用in A man with dark glasses wanted to buy drinks. A man in

13、 black wanted to buy drinks. The boy is learning to write in pencil / with a pencil. He retold the text in English. (3)for , to for表示“为了.” To 表示动作对象, “对, 向.” 如: He would do anything for his motherland. Did you mention this to my father? 你对我父亲提起过这件事吗? for 表示“就某情况而说 ”, to 表示一“对某对象而言”如: Its quite warm

14、today for February.就二月的天气，今天够暖和的。 What he told you just now was not new to me 他刚才对你所说的话对我并不新鲜 for 表示“目的,用途”。与go, come 动词连用， (4)except , besides except 表示“从总体中排除一部分”, 与bat 同义， besides 表示“除了一部分还有另一部分” We all failed except him. 我们都失败了，但他没有。 He speaks German besides French.他懂法外还会讲英语。 (5)注意成对介词的用法: get i

15、nto (out of ) the car, get on (off) the bus, jump onto (off) the platform, out of (6)介词和名词动词等有不少固定搭配和习惯用法: to ones surprise / joy, in charge of , instead of, in bed (hospital), in trouble, in a hurry, in surprise, with a smile, with one voice, according to, at once, on time, in time, in all, at home

16、, (school, work), at last, at least, in the end, by the way, for example, at the same time, at the same speed, on ones way (to), in the sun, on the football team, in line, with the help of, in red / green put on, look for, look after, run after, send for, enter for, pay for, showaround, listen to, arrive in / at, get to, agree with, succeed in, think of (about), wait for,. (7)表示加减乘除，分别用介词plus, minus, times 和动词过去分词divided + by