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类型新目标八年级上册英语第二单元知识点归纳(DOC 16页).doc

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    1、版新目标八年级上册英语第二单元知识点归纳 作者: 日期:2 2015八年级上册英语第二单元知识点归纳Unit2 How often do you exercise?重点词housework家务劳动;家务事 hardly几乎不;几乎没有 ever在任何时候;从来;曾经 once一次;曾经 twice两次;两倍program节目 full忙的;满的;充满的 maybe大概;或许;可能least最小(的);最少(的) health n.健康(adj.健康的)percent百分之 although虽然;尽管;即使 through以;凭借;穿过dentist牙科医生 magazine(pl.magazi

    2、nes)杂志;期刊 however然而;不过than(用以引出比较的第二个部分)比 almost几乎;差不多 none没有一个;毫无less较少(的);较小(的)一、词组、短语:1、help with housework 帮助做家务活,2、go shopping 购物,3、on weekends 在周末, 4、how often 多久一次,5、hardly ever几乎不,6、once a week 每周一次,7、twice a month每月二次,8、go to the movies去看电影, 9、every day 每天, 10、use the Internet上网/用网,11、be fr

    3、ee有空,12、have dance and piano lessons 上舞蹈钢琴课 ,13、swing dance摇摆舞 14、play tennis 打网球, 15、stay up late熬夜,睡得很晚16、at least至少, 17、go to bed early 早睡, 18、 play sports 锻炼身体,进行体育活动19、be good for 对有好处,20、go camping去野营,21、in ones free time 在某人的空闲时间,22、not.at all 根本不; 一点儿也不 23、the most popular 最流行; 最受欢迎的24、such

    4、as例如, 25、go to the dentist去看牙医,26、more than 超过/多于,27、Old habits die hard.旧习惯难改。 28、 hard=difficult 困难的 , 29、less than 少于/不到二、习惯用法、搭配1. help sb. with sth 帮助某人做某事 2. How about+n./v.ing?=What about? .怎么样?/ .好不好?3. want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事 4. How many + 可数名词复数+ 一般疑问句 .有多少.5. 主语+ find+ that 从句 发现 6. I

    5、ts + adj.+ to do sth. 做某事是.的7. spend time with sb. 和某人一起度过时光 8. ask sb. about sth. 向某人询问某事9. by doing sth. 通过做某事 10. Whats your favorite.? 你最喜欢的是什么?11 start doing sth. 开始做某事 12. the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式13、leave for动身去某地二、精讲1How often do you exercise?你多久锻炼一次? 【解析】本句是含有特殊疑问词how often 的特殊疑问句。ho

    6、w often 多久一次,用于对动作发生的频率进行提问。回答应该是频度副词或表示频率的词组,如always,usually,often,sometimes,hardly,ever,never,every day,once a week,three times a day 等。Eg.How often do you go to the movies?你多久去看一次电影?Once a week. 一周一次。how often: 多久一次,用来提问在某一特定时间内进行某个动作的次数,答语有never, sometimes, often, usually, always, three times a

    7、year等。how long: 多长时间, 用来对“for + 一段时间”提问,强调时间的延续,其谓语动词应为延续性动词;此外,还可用于询问物体的长度。how soon: 需要多长时间,过多久才对“in+一段时间“提问,答语有in a week/ month/ year等。how far:多远,用来询问距离,答语常用“数字 + miles/ kilometers”等。【解析2】exercise v 锻炼 =do sports= play sports【短语】take /have/do exercise 做运动 do morning exercise 做早操 do eye exercise 做眼

    8、保健操2. help with housework 帮助做家务 (1) help with sth. 意为“帮助做某事”拓展:help sb. with sth.= help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事Eg: I often help him with his English.= I often help him (to) learn English. 我经常帮他学习英语。(2)housework 意为“家务劳动”。不可数名词。1. They have housework to do.A. many B. much3、 What do you usually do on

    9、weekends? 你在周末做什么?【解析1】频度副词意思频度always 总是,一直,100%usually通常,经常90%often常常,经常70%sometimes = at times 有时,不时40%hardly ever= almost not几乎从不5%never 从不,决不0%【注】:频度副词表示多长时间做某事一次,用在实义动词之前,系动词、助动词、情态动词之后。We often clean the classroom every day.【拓展】some time /sometime/some times/sometimes【口诀】:分开是一段,合起是某时; 分开s 是倍次,

    10、合起s是某时(1)some time一段时间,做时间状语It takes sb some time to do sth 做某事花费某人多长时间(2) sometime adv 在某个时候,( )I hope to visit the USA _ in the future. A. sometimes B. some times C. sometime D. some time (3) some times 名词词组,“几次,几倍”(4) sometimes=at times 有时 (一般现在时的标志词)【2014四川绵阳】17_ do you write an English article

    11、for our school newspaper? Sometimes. A. How long B. How often C. How much D. How far【解析2】weekend/weekday辨析单词意思范围weekend周末周六、周日weedday 工作日周一至周五【解析】on weekends = on Saturday and Sunday 在周末 on weekdays= from Monday to Friday 在工作日( ) The teachers never arrive late for work from Monday to Friday.A. on we

    12、ekdays B. on weekends C. every day D. five times a week.辨析:sometimes ,some times ,sometime , some timesometimes 是频度副词,意为“有时;间或”,表示动作发生的频率,相当于at times提问。常用于一般现在时与一般过去时。提问用how oftensome times 是名词短语,意为“几倍、 几次”。time作可数名词时可作“次数”解;表示“时间”时是不可数名词。How mang timessometime 某个时候。可指过去或将来的某个时候。提问用whensome time 一段时

    13、间。常与for连用。对它提问用how long 。口诀记忆:分开“一段时间” ;相聚“某个时候”。Eg:Sometimes I get up very late. 有时我起床很晚。I will go to shanghai sometime next week. 下周某个时候我要去上海。He reads the story some times. 他读这个故事几遍了。Ill stay here for some time. 我将会在这儿呆一段时间。练习: We plan to stay in Hainan for . 我们打算在海南呆一段时间。 I am sure that we have m

    14、et before. 我肯定我们之前见过几次了。 I have letters from him. 有时我会收到他的来信。4. Hardly ever 几乎从不【解析】hard (1)adv 努力地,猛烈地 work hard 努力工作 study hard 努力学习(2) adj. 困难的,艰难的 =difficult Its hard/difficult for sb to do sth 做某事对某人来说是困难的Its hard for us _(finish) the work without others help.【拓展】hardly adv “几乎不,从来不” ,表否定意义,常与c

    15、an ,any ,ever 连用。 I can hardly believe it. ( ) Its raining _ .People can _ go out. A. hard; hardly B. hardly; hard C. hard ; hard D. hardly ; hardly【注】 形容雨雪下的大用hard/heavy辨析:hardly 与hardhardly 几乎不,一般位于动词之前。 hard 努力,位于动词之后。eg:He hardly works. 他几乎不工作。 He works hard. 他工作努力。5. use the Internet 用互联网use st

    16、h. to do sth. 用某物做某事eg:I use a knife to cut bread. 我用刀切面包。短语:on the Internet 在网上 , surf the Internet 网上冲浪,上网5. Whats your favorite program? 你最喜欢的节目是什么?句型:Whats your favorite.?=What. do you like best?你最喜欢的.是什么?1.Whats your favorite animal?你最喜欢的动物是什么?= _6. Are you free next week? 你下周有空吗?free 意为“空闲的,有空

    17、的”,反义词busy。 be free 意为“闲着,有空”eg::He is free now.他现在有空。拓展:free还可译为“免费的”Eg:The tickets are free. 票是免费的7.twice a week一周两次 【解析】英语中,once表示“一次”,twice表示“两次”,从“三次”起用“基数词times”表示次数。three times三次,five times五次。8. Hmm.next week is quite full for me,Jack.呣下周我很忙,杰克。【解析】full adj. 忙的;满的;充满的常用短语为be full of.,意为“充满”;反

    18、义词是empty,意为“空的”。Eg. The bus is full of people. 公共汽车里挤满了人。full adj. 吃饱的;过饱的,其反义词是hungry,意为“饥饿的”。Eg. Are you hungry or full?你饿了还是饱了?She sometimes goes shopping. 她有时去购物。(P11. Grammar Focus)【解析】sometimes为频度副词,意为“有时候”,多用于一般现在时或一般过去时中。 辨析: sometimes, sometime, some time与some times Sometimes意为“有时”,可放于句首或句中

    19、。(How often提问) Sometime表示在某个时间段内的某个时候,既可以表示过去某个时间也可以表示将来的某个时间。(When提问) Some time 名词性短语,意为“一些时间”,time是不可数名词,意为“时间”。 (How long提问) Some times表示“几次”,time是可数名词,表示“次;次数”。 (How many times提问)Eg. Even friends sometimes disagree. 即使是朋友,有时也会意见不合。 I hope to see you again sometime next year. 我希望明年的某个时候能再见到你。 Ple

    20、ase give me some time to red this passage.请给我一些时间看这篇文章。 I have been to Beijing some times before. 我以前去过北京几次。9. How come? 怎么会? 怎么回事?How come?是固定表达,意为“怎么回事?/怎么会?”表示某件事情很奇怪,有点想不通;可单独使用,也可引导一个问句, 相当于疑问句 why, 但 how come 开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍然是陈述语序。How come Tom didnt come to the party? = Why didnt Tom come to the

    21、party?10. I have dance and piano lessons. 我要上舞蹈课和英语课。have 在此意为“上课”。Eg: Theyre having an English lesson. 他们正在上英语课。扩展:have lessons 上课 , Lesson One 第一课11. Well ,how about Tuesday? 哦,那周二呢?How about.? (=What about.?) 意为“怎么样?”,用来征求对方的意见。Eg: How about this book? 这本书怎样?How / What about doing sth. .? 做怎么样?Eg

    22、:-What will we do on Sunday? 星期天我们什么?-How about visiting the museum? 去参观博物馆咋样?1. Its sunny today,What about _(play)tennis?12I go to the movies maybe once a month.我可能一月去看电影一次。【解析】maybe adv. 大概;或许;可能Eg. Maybe that man is a policeman. 或许那人是警察。maybe 和may bemaybe副词,意为“或许;大概”,常位于句首表推测。Maybe he is at Jims

    23、home.或许他在吉姆家。may be由情态动词may和 be构成,意为“可能是、也许是”,在句中作谓语。He may be right.他可能是对的。【解析1】go to the movies = go to the cinema = see the film 去看电影【解析2】maybe/may be辨析: (1) maybe =perhaps adv 也许,可能,表示推测,通常用于句首,在句中作状语。( ) _ Li Hua wants to be an astronaut like Yang Liwei. A. May be B. May C. Also D. Maybe (2)may

    24、 be 是“情态动词may +动词原形be”, 或许,可能是,也表示推测,在句中作谓语。可以和maybe 互换。Toms pen may be in his backpack. =Maybe Toms pen is in his backpack【江苏南通】Now all of us exercise at _ least _ hour a day in and outside school. A. the ; a B. a; an C. /; a D. /; an 13He plays at least twice a week.他至少一周踢(足球) 两次。【解析】least adv.最小;

    25、最少adj.& pron.最少的;最小的,它是little的最高级。Eg. He has least money of all of us. 在我们所有人中他的钱最少。She works least. 她工作最少。We have least time.我们时间最少。at least 至少;不少于;起码,其反义短语为:at most 至多14. On Wednesday and Friday. 在周三和周五 【解析】介词at/ in /on /for表示时间:1)at.表示某一具体时间点,某一时刻/ 年龄 at six oclock at noon at that time at the mom

    26、ent at the age of at night 2)in表示时间段,一天的三个时间段以及月份,年,季节,世纪,人生的某个时期(某人几十岁时) In the morning/afternoon /evening in spring /in 2007/in March in the twenty-first century in his fifties3)on表示星期几/某一具体的日子/具体某天的上午/下午/晚上,表示一天中的三个时间段名词前有修饰语或后有修饰语时. On Monday on New Years Day on Sunday morning on a rainy night g

    27、. At least he should say thanks. 他至少应该说声谢谢。15. 频度副词【解析】频度副词表示经常性的动作或情况,常和一般现在时连用,表示现在经常或反复发生的动作,按其频率发生的高低分别是:always 总是; usually 通常;often 经常; sometimes 有时;hardly ever 几乎不;never 从不。对这些频度副词进行提问时,用特殊疑问词how often,意为“多久一次”。Eg. They always go to the park by bus. 他们总是乘公共汽车去公园。Kate is often late for school.

    28、凯特经常上学迟到。I sometimes_watch TV programs.(对画线部分提问)How often do you watch TV programs? 你多久看一次电视节目?16. But my mother wants me to drink it. 但我妈妈想让我喝它。want sb. to do sth. 意为“想让某人做某事”,否定形式为want sb. not to do sth. 意为“不想让某人做某事”。Eg:She wants me to bring him some pens. 她想让我给她带些钢笔。拓展:1.want sth. 想要某物Do you want

    29、 any story books?你想要些故事书吗?2.want to do sth. 想要做某事I want to visit my uncle. 我想去看望我的叔叔。Do you want (tell)me anything?17She says its good for my health. 她说它对我的健康有益。【解析】be good for 对有益Eg. Exercise is good for you. 锻炼对你有益。be good at 在方面做得好;擅长Eg. He is good at learning languages. 他擅长学习语言。Eg. be good with

    30、与相处融洽The teacher is good with his students. 这位老师和他的学生相处融洽。Eg. be good to 对友好 My new deskmate is good to me. 我的新同桌对我很友好。health n. 健康,是不可数名词。Eg. I think health is more important than money. 我认为健康比金钱更重要。be in good/poor health 身体状况好/不好My grandparents are both in good health. 我祖父母身体都很好。healthy adj. 健康的We

    31、 should eat healthy food. 我们应当吃健康的食物。unhealthy adj.不健康的Junk food is unhealthy. 垃圾食品是不健康的。18.How many hours do you sleep every night?你每天晚上睡几个小时?【解析】how many 和how muchhow many和how much都可以表示“多少”,但how many后接可数名词复数,而how much后接不可数名词。Eg. How many girls can you see? 你能看见多少个女孩?How much milk do you want? 你想要多

    32、少牛奶?【拓展】词语词义用法答语特征how long多久询问时间多久for/about+一段时间how often多久一次询问动作的频率often, twice a week等how soon多快,过多久询问时间多快in+一段时间how far多远询问距离多远ten minutes walkhow many多少询问可数名词数量数词+可数名词复数how much多少询问不可数名词数量数词+表示量的词+不可数名词多少钱询问价格数词+钱19. Last month we asked our students about their free time activities. 上个月我们向学生询问了他

    33、们业余活动的情况。ask sb. about sth. “询问某人关于某事”Eg:I asked my teacher about todays homework. _。【解析1 】ask sb about sth 向某人询问有关的情况 ask sb to do sth请/要某人去做某事(否定形式)ask sb. not to do sth ask sb. for sth 向某人要某物 【解析2】active adj. 活跃的 activity n 活动 My friend is _(active).20. Here are the results. 这是(调查)结果。here 位于句首,句子

    34、要倒装。当主语是名词性短语时,要用全倒装,即“here +谓语+主语”;当主语是人称代词时,要用半倒装,即“here+ 主语+谓语”。Eg:Here is your jacket. 这是你的夹克。Here he comes. 他来到这儿。Here comes the bus. 汽车来了。21、.twenty percent students dont exercise at all. 百分之20的学生根本不锻炼。. 百分数由percent来表示,构成:基数词+percent 。Eg:Seventy percent of the boys like playing computer games.

    35、 男生中70%喜欢完电脑游戏。 not. at all 意为“一点儿也不,根本不”。用来加强否定语气。Eg:I dont know about it at all. 对那件事我一点也不知道。拓展:not at all = you are welcome 意为“不用谢,不客气”。Eg:-Thank you for your help. -Not at all.22、. Although many students like to watch sports,game shows are the most popular. 尽管许多学生喜欢看运动类节目,但游戏类节目是最受欢迎的。although 连

    36、词。意为“虽然,尽管”。but 意为“但是”。英语中,although与but不能同时使用。Eg:Although it rained,the boys still played outside.= It rained,but the boys still played outside. 尽管天下雨了,但男孩们仍在外面玩耍。1. My cousin knows a lot about geography, he is only four years old.A. because B. so C. although23.Its good to relax by using the Interne

    37、t or watching game shows,but we think the best way to relax is through exercise.尽管通过上网或观看游戏节目对放松很有好处,但是我们认为锻炼是最好的放松方式。【解析】这是一个“Its+adj+to do sth.”的句型结构,意为“做某事是.”。其中it是形式主语,真正主语是动词不定式 to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows;拓展:Its + adj.(easy,difficult,important,necessary) +(for sb.) to

    38、 do sth.Its+adj+(for sb.)+to do sth. 意为 “(对某人来说)做某事是的”。该句中的形容词用于描述事物的特征,表客观情况,如difficult(困难的),hard(困难的),easy(容易的)Eg:Its very important to listen carefully in class. 上课认真听讲很重要。Its easy for us to swim. 对我们来说游泳很容易。Its +adj( kind, honest, friendly, )+(of sb) to do sth.: 意为“某人做某事是.”,该句中的形容词用于描述人物的品质,表主观情

    39、感和态度。By在此处表示方式、方法、手段,意为“凭借;靠;用;通过”。其后通常接名词或动名词,作方式状语,可放在句首也可放在句末。By作为介词用法:by+交通工具 乘. by+时间 在.之前,到.为止 by+地点 在.旁边;靠近.24、Although many students like to watch sports. 虽然许多学生喜欢看体育节目【解析】 although=though conj 虽然,即使;不能与but 连用,引导让步状语从句【解析】through + 手段、 媒介 “以,凭借,穿过” by + ving/ 工具名词【辨析】through/across (1)throug

    40、h “从中经过” ,强调动作发生在立体空间,指从物体的空间内部穿过,如门、窗、洞、森林等 (2) across “横越,穿过” , 指从表面走过或从一边到另一边。( ) _ he isnt rich enough, he often gives away money to some poor children. A. Though B. When C. Because D. If( ) _ he is very tried, he still tries _. A. Because ; work B. Because; to work C. Although; working D. Altho

    41、ugh ;to work25.Exercise such as playing sports is fun,and you can spend time with your friends and family as you play together.像参加体育运动这样的锻炼是有趣的,并且你可以与你的朋友和家人一起花费时间进行锻炼。【解析】such as 例如;像这样表示举例,相当于like。Eg. I like animals such as cats and dogs. 我喜欢动物,像猫和狗。such as结构既可表示为“名词such as例子”,也可表示为“such名词as例子”。Eg

    42、. I enjoy songs such as this one.I enjoy such songs as this one.我喜欢像这首歌一样的歌。【解析1】such as/ for example辨析:(1)such as “例如,像一样” 常常列举同类人或物中的几个例子,放在被列举的事物与前面的名词之间。 I like all kinds of sports such as running and swimming.(2)for example 一般只列举同类人或物中的“一个”,做插入语,位于句首、句中或句末。【解析2】 spend /pay /cost/ take 花费动词主语宾语句

    43、型结构spend 人时间或金钱sb. spend on sth/ in doing sthpay人金钱pay. for cost物金钱sth cost sb. some moneytake it时间It takes sb. . to do sth重点: spend timemoney on sth. 在.上花费时间或金钱He didnt spend much time on his homework. 他没在作业方面花很多时间。I spend 200 yuan on a new coat. _ spend timemoney (in) doing sth. 花费时间或金钱做某事Dont spend too much time watching TV. 不要花费太多时间看电视。He always spend his time playing football. _

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