新牛津译林版8Bunit4知识点(B)(DOC 5页).doc

1、 8Bunit 4 A good read 一知识点。1 Sandy is wondering where to ask for help(1) wonder此处用作及物动词，意为“想知道，对感到怀疑”。Eg:She wondered what the child was doing.【拓展】wonder作不及物动词，意为“感到惊讶”。What are you wondering about?你对什么感到疑惑？wonder 4wonder作不可数名词，意为“惊奇，惊异，惊讶”。 a look“wonder惊异的表情 be filled with wonder非常惊奇wonder作可数名词，意为

2、“奇观”。The Great Wall is one of the wonders in the world.(2) ask for意为“请求”。ask sb. for意为“向某人请求”。Eg:Sandy often asks her classmates for advice about learning Chinese.(2013 山东东营)-I wonder_. -Shandong Province. A when will Peng Liyuan come B. Where Peng Liyuan is from C. Where Peng Liyuan came from D. Ho

3、w Peng Liyuan will come2. Mr Wu advised us which to choose as after-school activities. advise及物动词，意为“建议，劝告”，后面常跟名词、代词、动名词或宾语从句等。 Eg:The doctor advised (taking) a weeks rest.【拓展】advise sbto do sth.意为“建议某人做某事” Eg:She advised us to wait.她建议我们等一等。3. Daniel taught himself how to use a computer to draw.(1

4、) teach oneself意为“自学”，相当于learnby oneself.The girl taught herself English. =The girl learned English by herself.(2) teach sb(how) to do sth.意为“教某人（如何）做某事”Eg:Would you please teach me (how) to paint Chinese paintings?4 What you think of it and so on.你认为这本书怎么样，等等。and so on是一个短语，意为“等等”，用在举例的末尾，表示举例未完。an

5、d so on之前的举例，都是用逗号隔开的，不能用and连接。I love many sports such as football,basketball,badminton,table tennis and so on.5. You must return the books on time on time意为“按时，准时”。 Eg:We students should get to school on time.【拓展】in time意为“及时”。 Eg:Will you be able to finish it in time?6. All the British publishing

6、houses refused to publish it.refuse及物动词，意为“拒绝”，其常用搭配有：(1) refuse+名词代词，意为“拒绝”。 Eg:He refused my help.(2) refuse to do sth.意为“拒绝做某事”。 Eg:He refused to accept my invitation(3) refuse sb，sth.意为“拒绝某人某物”。 Eg:She cant refuse him anything7.so far意为“到目前为止”，指从过去某一时刻开始一直到现在这一段时间。So far常用于现在完成时态，多位于句首或句末。So far

7、 weve planted more than 2，000 trees.8.a great success巨大的成功success此处用作可数名词，意为“成功的人或事”；success也可作不可数名词，意为“成功”，其反义词为failure“失败”。 Failure is the mother of success.【拓展】succeed用作不及物动词，意为“成功”，后常跟in doing sth.。The people succeeded in climbing the mountain at last.successful形容词，意为“成功的”。My uncle is a successf

8、ul businessman.successfully副词，意为“成功地”。If you work hard,you will get it successfully.（哈尔滨中考）Dear friends,please read every sentence carefully. Details decide_ or not. If you take it seriously,youll achieve your goal! A success B. successful C succeed9. The first Harry Potter book was a great success

9、in the very beginning.(1) very此处用作形容词，意为“正是，就是那个，恰恰是”，与the，this，that或my，your, his等连用，以加强语气。Eg:This is the very pen I want.这正是我想要的钢笔。(2) in the very beginning“在刚开始”，in the beginning“开始，起初”，也可用at first.Eg:He became interested in English in the very beginning他在刚开始就对英语感兴趣。10. I can tell her anything bec

10、ause she can keep a secret.(1) tell此处用作及物动词，意为“告诉”。tell sb. sth.意为“告诉某人某事”。 Eg:Please tell me your phone number again.【拓展】tell sb. to do sth.表示“告诉某人做某事”，其否定式为tell sb. not to do sth. Eg:Tell him not to be late again.(2014 .北京) My parents always tell me_more vegetables and fruit. A. eat B. eating C.ea

11、ts Dto eat(2) because用作连词，意为“因为”.eg:He didnt come because he was busy.辨析：because，as与sincebecause 意为“因为”，引导的从句表示直接的原因或理由，常用于回答why引导的问句。Eg:I was late because I was ill yesterday.as 意为“由于，鉴于”，引导的从句表示十分明显的原因。Eg:As you werent there,I left a message.since 意为“既然” ，表示稍加分析可得出来的双方都知道的原因。Eg：Since everybody is

12、here,lets begin our meeting.（3） keep a secret意为“保守秘密”。Eg：I dont want to let more people know it. Please keep a secret.11 His story gave me a lot of confidence.confidence不可数名词，意为“信心”。have confidence in意为“对有信心”。eg:Dont be nervous. You should have confidence in yourself.【拓展】confident形容词，意为“自信的，有信心的，有把握

13、的”，常用作定语或表语。be confident of意为“对充满信心”。Eg:Im confident of success我有信心能成功。 There is a confident smile on his face他的脸上露出了自信的微笑。12. I also want to travel and have exciting experiences in the future.(1)experience在此用作可数名词，意为“经历”.Eg:He has a lot of unusual experiences【拓展】experience还可用作不可数名词，意为“经验”。表示做某事的经验时

14、，其后常接in/of doing sth.。Eg:Mr Wang has so much experience in teaching.experience还可作及物动词，意为“体验；经历”。Eg:The girl has never experienced sadness这个女孩从未体验过悲伤。experienced形容词，意为“有经验的”。Eg:My father is an experienced teacher.我父亲是一个有经验的教师。(2) in the future意为“将来”。 I will be a doctor in the future13. Who do you usu

15、ally ask for advice on books?advice不可数名词，意为“建议，忠告，劝告”。表示“一条建议”用a/one piece of advice，表示“一些建议”用some advice.Eg:Ill give you some advice on how to look after your pet dog.【拓展】advice的常用搭配：give sbsome advice/give some advice to sb给某人提一些建议ask for advice征求意见 follow/take sb.s advice接受某人的建议(2014 贵州遵义)Mr. Li

16、is always patient to give me_on how to work out the problems. A.advice B. many advices C.some advice14. I spend over seven hours a week reading different types of books.（1） over介词，意为“多于，超过”，相当于more than。Eg：I have been here for over 10 years我已经在这里10多年了。（2) type可数名词，意为“类型，种类”，相当于kind。 a type of一种 all

17、types of各种各样的 different types of不同类型的Eg:There are different types of books in the bookshop二 语法专项。1. 疑问词+to do在英语中，疑问词(who，what，which，when，where，how等)可以跟动词不定式，但是疑问词why后不能跟动词不定式。(1) 作主语，此时谓语动词常用单数形式。When to have a sports meeting is still a problem.(2) 作宾语，常放在动词（词组）tell，show，know，learn，decide，teach，fin

18、d out， forget,wonder，remember等后面。I havent decided what to eat for lunch.(3) 作表语The question is how to learn English well.(4) 作双宾语，常放在advise，tell，ask，teach，show等词后面。Can you advise me which coat to buy?“疑问词+动词不定式”结构可以改为从句。Can you tell me what to do next?=Can you tell me what I should do next?I forgot

19、where to meet her.=I forgot where I should meet her.2. must与have to1 must的用法must是情态动词，意为“必须，一定要”，后接动词原形，可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问答：月相从新月开始，然后是峨眉月、上弦月、满月、下弦月、峨眉月。句。Must的否定形式must not (mustnt)语气较为强烈，意为“不许；禁止”。I must finish the work before dinner.10、生物学家列文虎克于1632年出生在荷兰，他制成了世界上最早的可放大300倍的金属结构的显微镜。他用自制的显微镜发现了微生物。You

20、mustnt swim in the lake. Its too dangerous.2 have to的用法5、铁生锈变成了铁锈，这是一种化学变化。水分和氧气是使铁生锈的原因。have to意为“必须，不得不”，后接动词原形，表示在客观上有必要做某事。使用haveto时应注意以下几点：(1) have to有一般现在(have to，has to)，一般过去(had to)和一般将来(will have to)等多种时态。Eg:Sandy had to wait at the park gate yesterday morning.(2) 构成一般疑问句时，要在句子开头加do/does，di

21、d或will等助动词。Eg:Will they have to speak English in Canada?(3) have to的否定形式dont/doesnt/wont have to表示“没有必要”。7、将铁钉的一部分浸入硫酸铜溶液中，有什么现象？过一会儿，取出铁钉，我们又观察到了什么现象？（P36）Eg:You dont have to answer the question.3 must与have to的区别(1)(2) 7、食盐、白糖、碱面、味精的颗粒都是有规则几何外形的固体，人们把这样的固体物质叫做晶体。自然界中的大部分固体物质都是晶体或由晶体组成。两者都表示“必须”，但mu

22、st侧重于说话者的主观看法，认为有必要或有义务去做某事；have to侧重于客观需要，含有“不得不，被迫”之意。5、减少垃圾的数量是从源头上解决问题的办法，我们每个人都可以想出许多减少垃圾数量的方法。Eg:Everyone must wear seat belts.Eg:His bike was broken yesterday,so he had to walk to school.(3)(4) 4、咀嚼馒头的外皮也可以感觉到甜味吗？为什么？must的否定式must not (mustnt)表示“一定不要，不允许”；而have to的否定式dont/doesnt have to( =need

23、nt)表示“不必”。(5) must没有人称、数和时态的变化；而have to有人称、数和时态的变化。10、日食：当月球运动到太阳和地球中间，如果三者正好处在一条直线上时，月球就会挡住太阳射向地球的光，在地球上处于影子中的人，只能看到太阳的一部分或全部看不到，于是就发生了日食。日食时，太阳被遮住的部分总是从西边开始的。二、问答：中考链接(2013 山东青岛）一Excuse meCould you please tell me_my car? Sure. Park it right here. Ill help you.7、食盐、白糖、碱面、味精的颗粒都是有规则几何外形的固体，人们把这样的固体物质叫做晶体。自然界中的大部分固体物质都是晶体或由晶体组成。 A how to stop B. Where to park C. Where to stop D.when to park (2014 .杭州)If you _smoke,please go outside. A.can B.may C.must D.might