新人教版英语初二上册知识点(DOC 17页).doc

1、学习必备 欢迎下载八年级英语（上）重难点归纳Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation？1，一般过去时基本结构：主语+动词过去式+其他；否定形式：was / were + not; 在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原动词；一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+其他？Did+主语+动词原形+其他？2，动词过去式规则变化：直接加ed；以不发音e结尾的单词，直接加d；以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i加ed；以元音字母+y结尾的，直接加ed；以重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后的辅音字母+ed不规则变化的动词过去式（见书本最后一页）3，go on vacation去度假 be on v

2、acation在度假4，anyone任何人，只用于指人，一般用在否定句、疑问句中，后面不接of 短语。做主语时位于动词用单数。Eg：Is there anyone at home？ any one任何一个，指人或物，后面接of 短语。Eg：You can take any one of these books.5，adj修饰不定代词后置 anything special something important enough作adv，修饰adj/ adv 后置 old enough fast enough else作adj，修饰疑问代词和不定代词后置 what else who else som

3、ething else6，quite a few/ little 相当多7，How/ what about+V-ing/ n/ 代词 怎么样？（表建议、询问）8，most students= most of the students “one of +the most +adj +n复数”表示“最之一”Eg：He is one of the most famous writers in China.A most +adj +n 非常 Eg：Hangzhou is a most beautiful city.9，buy/ get sb sth= buy/ get sth for sb10，wha

4、t do you think of/ about？= how do you like？你认为怎么样？11，have fun，enjoy oneself，have a good/ great/ wonderful time+V-ing,12，主语+ seem+（to be）+表语（n/adj） eg：Tom seems to be a smart boy/ happy.It seems that从句 eg：It seems that he understand.主语+ seem to do sth eg：He seems to understand.13，adj 以-ing结尾“令人的”exci

5、ting，interesting，relaxing，boring 以-ed结尾“人感到的”excited，interested，relaxed，bored14，询问价格：How much is ? Whats the price of ?表示价格高低：be expensive/ cheap The price of is high/ low15，get to, arrive in/at, reach,到达（如果后面接地点的副词home，here或there ,就不用介词in ,at, to）16，decide（not）to do decide that从句 decide+疑问词+不定式17，t

6、ry（not）to do sth尽力 try doing sth 尝试 try/ do ones best to do sth try it on试穿（动副结构） try out试验 have a try试一试18，feel like感觉像 feel like doing sth/ want to do sth/ would like to do sth19，a lot of= lots of =plenty of20，in the past在过去21，enjoy/ like doing22，感叹句：How+adj+主谓！ How+adj+a/an +n单+主谓！ What+ a/an +ad

7、j+ n单+主谓！ What+ adj+ n复/ 不可数+主谓！23，more than=over超过 less than 少于 more or less或多或少24，wait for等待25，too many“太多”修饰可数名词复数too much“太多”修饰不可数名词much too“实在太”修饰形容词或副词26，because+从句 because of +n/ V-ing /代词27，enough作adj修饰n， enough time enough money have enoughto do sth eg：I have enough time to finish the work.

8、 enough作adv修饰adj/ adv old enough fast enough enough for sb to do sth eg：The job is easy enough for me to do. notenough to do The book isnt easy enough for me to read. tooto The book is too difficult for me to read. sothat The book is so difficult that I cant read.28，the next day第二天29，remember/ forge

9、t+to do要做 +doing做过30，Stop sb from doing sth阻止Stop to do 停下来去做其他事Stop doing 停止正在做的事31，another two hours=two more hours32，at the top of在顶端，名列之前 强调点on the top of在上面 强调面33，find out查明，弄清 find找到（结果） look for寻找（过程）34，go on with/ doing sth继续原来的事 go on to do sth继续做别的事35，so +adj +that +结果状语从句“如此以致” eg：I was s

10、o busy that I didnt go to sleep for 3 days.so that 引导目的状语从句，以便，为了（in order to）eg：they got up early so that they could catch the early bus. so +adj +（a/ an+n单数）that It is so important a meeting that I cant miss it. such+ a/ an+ adj + n单数+that It is such an important meeting that I cant miss it.such+

11、adj+n复数/不可数+thatUnit 2 How often do you exercise？1，How 如何（方式）how long 多长（时间）答语常用“（For/ about +）时间段”how far多远（距离）答语常用“（Its +）数词 +miles/ meters/ kilometers”how often多久一次（频率）答语常用“Always/ often/ every day/”或 “次数+时间”等表频率的状语How soon多快，多久以后，常用在将来时中。答语常用“in +时间段”how many多少（接可数名词） how much（接不可数名词）2，exercise作

12、v 锻炼，运动 作c 操，练习 do morning/ eye exercises 作uc 锻炼 take much/ more exercise3，at+钟点 at 7 oclock at noon/ at night（during/ in the day） at this/ that time at the age ofon+ 具体某天、星期、特指的一天、纪念日、节日 on April 1st on Sunday on a cold winter morning on Teachers Dayin +上午、下午、晚上、年、月、季节、年代、世纪 in the morning/ afterno

13、on/ evening in 1999 in August in autumn in 1960s in the 21st century4，help sb （to）do sthhelp sb with sthwith sbs help= with the help of sb5，do（the）housework= do chores6，频度副词（行前be 后）Always usually often sometimes seldom hardly never7，sometimes 有时（频度副词） sometime（将来）有朝一日，（曾经）某天 Some times 几次，几倍 some ti

14、me 一段时间（前面用介词for）8，go shopping= do some shopping9，once twice three times10，at once，right now，right away， in a minute，in a moment，in no time 立刻，马上 once more再一次，重新 once upon a time 从前，曾经11，every day 每天 everyday日常的，每天的12，on the internet13，whats your favorite program？=what program do you like best？14，fr

15、ee 空闲的 in ones free time be free 自由的 as free as a fish freedom n.自由 免费的 The best things in life are free.15，be full =be busy忙的 be busy doing sth/ be busy with sthbe full of充满 eg：The bottle is full of milk.16，How come？怎么会？为什么？ 17，may be 为情态动词+动词原形，在句子中做谓语，maybe是副词，表示可能，大概，一般放在句首(perhaps)。18，stay up d

16、oing sth熬夜做某事19，stay/ keep healthy be in good/ bad/ poor health be good/ bad for ones health20，at least=no less than at most=no more than21，ask sb about sth ask sb（not）to do sth ask sb for help/ advice/ information22，the result of的结果 as a result 结果23，be surprised that/ be surprised at/ be surprised

17、to do 对很惊讶To ones surprise另某人惊讶的是 in surprise惊讶地24，the answer to the question，a key to the door，a ticket to the ball game25，although=though（与but不能连用）Even though/ if即使，尽管 as though/ if仿佛，好像26，by介词+n/ v-ing/ 代词 通过方式by oneself独自地 by the way顺便问/说一下 by chance/ accident偶然地 by mistake错误地 learn by heart记住27

18、，the best way/ time to do 做某事最好的方式/时间28，4个花费：人+spend/ spends/ spent+时间/钱+（in）doing sth/ on sth spend time with sb 人+pay/ pays/ paid +钱+for sth It takes/ took sb +时间+to do sth 物+cost/ costs/ cost +sb +钱29，die v.死亡，消失 died过去式dead adj死亡的，无生命的 dead dog have/ has been dead for=diedagodying adj垂死的，快死的deat

19、h n 死亡 the death of30，before its too late趁来得及31，“数字+percent of+ n”作主语，谓语动词取决于n Eg：Twenty percent of the students exercise every day. Twenty percent of time passes.32，no one =nobody指人，回答who，anyone，anybody的提问None指人或物，可接of 短语，（all 3）回答how many/ much，any，及有特定范围（which）的提问nothing指物，回答what，anything的提问Unit

20、3 Im more outgoing than my sister.1，比较级，最高级变化规则 一般在词尾+ er或est；以e 结尾的加r或st；重读闭音节双写辅音字母+ er或est；辅音字母+y结尾的，改y为i+ er或est；多音节词和部分双音节词，加more或most。 不规则变化见书本P1142，比较级用法l 基本句型：主语+be+比较级+than+比较对象l 两者相比较用比较级 eg：Who do you think is more outgoing，Lily or Lucy？l Very，more，quite，so，too等修饰原级；much，a little，a lot，a

21、bit，far ，even等修饰比较级 eg：Im much/ a little / a lot / a bit /far more outgoing than my sister. Im even worse now.l 不能与人或事物自身相比较eg：He is taller than any other student in his class. China is larger than any country in Africa.l 比较对象要一致（that代替不可数名词，those代替可数名词复数，所有格，ones）eg：The weather in Harbin is much co

22、lder than that in Wuhan. The students of Class One study harder than those of Class Two. My bike is newer than Toms.l 比较级中出现of the two/ twins结构时，adj比较级前要+the，不可用thanEg：Tom is the taller of the two brothers.l “get/ become+ 比较级+and +比较级”表示“变得越来越”（多音节或部分双音节用“more and more+原级）Eg: It gets warmer and warm

23、er when spring comes. Youre getting more and more beautiful.l “the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越，就越”Eg: The more you exercise, the stronger you will be.l “Asas”中间接原级，表示“与一样”，否定为“not as/ soas”表示“不如”Eg: He is as tall as his father. He is not as/ so tall as his father.l “比较级+than”(more/ less +原级+than)与“not as/ soas

24、”可以互换Eg: Im taller than you. Chinese is more important than Biology. Youre shorter than me. Biology is less important than Chinese Youre not as/ so tall as me. Biology is not as/ so important as Chinesel 比大/多/长/宽几倍，用“主语+be+times+比较级+than+比较对象”Eg: Our classroom is twice larger than yours.l 重几斤，高几公分，大

25、几岁，用“主语+be+数量词+比较级+than+比较对象”Eg: Im six years older than you.3，loudly大声地，响亮地（多含噪音之意） aloud大声地，出声地（强调出声）read aloud call aloud for help loud大声地，高声地，常与speak，shout，laugh，talk连用 响亮的，大声的 loud voice4，fast强调速度快 run/ drive fast quickly强调动作、行动快 soon 强调时间间隔短5，competition体育，书法，朗读，音乐等比赛 match 体育竞技比赛，球类比赛 race 速度

26、方面的竞赛，赛跑，赛龙舟等6，win+比赛，奖项 beat+人，团队7，ago 以前，用于一般过去时，放在一段时间后 before 在以前，通常用于完成时，放在时间点或事件之前8，the same asbe different from be similar to =be like9，be good at+ V-ing=do well in 擅长于 be good for 对有益 （be bad for对有害） be good to 对友好 （good 可用friendly，nice，kind替换） be good with和相处好=get on/ along well with10，true

27、/ truly 指故事、说法、答案等与标准事实、实际情况相符real/ really 指人或事客观存在，不是想象的11，take care of=look after照顾care for 照料、关心某人，喜欢某人、某物care about 关心，计较，在乎12，make sb do sthmake sb/ sth +adj make me happymake sb +n. We made him monitor.make sb +过去分词 She spoke aloud to make herself heard.make it 约定时间，做成某事，及时抵达 Lets make it at 1

28、0:00. Dont worry. Hell make it.13，both 位置：行前be 后both of them/ us=they/ we bothboth 作主语，谓语动词用复数not both为部分否定，全部否定要用eithernot或者neitherbothand=not onlybut（also） 否定为：neithernor14，be popular with sb受某人欢迎 be popular in/ at在某地受欢迎15，it is +adj+for sb +to do sth （adj修饰to do sth）It is important for me to lear

29、n English.it is +adj+of sb +to do sth （adj修饰sb） It is kind/ friendly/ nice of you to help me.16，bring out使显现出17，share sth with sb和某人分享18，other “其他的，另外的”，后接名词复数，有时other+n复数=othersanother “又一（个），另一（个）”，泛指总数为三个或三个以上中的任意一个，后接名词单数。the other“（两者中的）另一个”，常与one连用，“onethe other”表示“一个，另一个”19，heart learn sth by

30、 heart用心记 lose heart灰心20，break the law/ rules/ world record违法/违规/打破世界纪录Break off 打断 break away from摆脱，脱离 break into破门而入 break in插嘴Break down出故障 break out爆发 break up散火 break ones words食言Have a break/ rest休息会儿21，laugh发笑 laugh at 嘲笑 Smile微笑 smile at对微笑22，定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。引导定

31、语从句的词称为关系词。关系词位于先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成分。定语从句的关系词引导定语的关系代词有：that, who (whom, whose), which; 关系副词（在定语从句中只能作状语，且不能省略）有：when, where, why等。关系词的选择主要取决于两个因素：(1)先行词是什么(2)先行词在定语从句中作什么成分。关系代词（that，who，which，whose，whom）引导的定语从句。that/ who在从句中作主语，先行词为人。Eg：The girl that/ who is reading is my sister.that/ wh

32、ich在从句中作主语或宾语，先行词为物。 Eg：The book that/ which is on the desk belongs to Tom.(主) He came back for the book that/ which he had forgotten.（宾）whose在从句中作定语，先行词为人或物。 Eg：This is the pencil whose point is broken. That is the girl whose mother died two years ago.whom/ that在从句中作宾语，先行词为人。 Eg：The girl whom/ that

33、 I spoke to is my cousin.关系副词（when/ where/ why）引导的定语从句。When在从句中作时间状语，其先行词是表示时间的词（day/ year/ season等）。例如：我永远不会忘记我入团的那一天。I shall never forget the day_I joined the League.解放军战士在人们最需要的时刻来到。The PLA men come at the time _ the people need them most.Where在定语从句中作地点状语，其先行词是表示地点的词（place/ town/ home/ house）例如：你

34、还记得我们初次见面的地方吗？Do you still remember the place _we first met?近来你去过你成长的小城吗？Have you been to the town _ you grew up recently?Why在从句中作原因状语，其先行词是reason。例如：没有人知道他为什么上学总迟到。Nobody knows the reason _ he is often late for school23，call sb at +电话号码24，information【UC】通过学习、阅读、观察等得到的信息、情报、资料（侧重内容）news【UC】 广播、电视等报道

35、的新闻、消息（强调新鲜、及时）a piece of newsmessage【C】 口信、短信、信息（强调传递）take a message for sb leave a message to sb25，who do you think should get the job？=in your opinion，who should get the job？Unit 4 Whats the best movie theater？1， 最高级的用法 用于三者或三者以上的比较 eg：Which do you like best，Chinese，Math or English？ “one of+最高级+n

36、.复数”表示“最之一”Eg：Lu Xun is one of the greatest writers last century. “the +序数词+最高级+n.单数+范围”表示“在范围内是第几”Eg：Hainan is the second largest island in China. 先行词被最高级或序数词修饰，只能用that引导定语从句Eg：My cousin is the funniest person（that） I know. This is the first letter（that）I received from my sister. Of all +n.复数；of th

37、e +数（3）+ n.复数；in/ at+地点2， Comfort v.使舒适，安慰 comfortable adj. 舒适的(uncomfortable) comfortably adv. 舒适地3， Voice嗓音（说话声、歌声、笑声、鸟鸣声） in a low voice小声地Noise杂音Sound任何可以听到的声音4， be close to靠近5， choose-chose choose from从中选择 choose to do sth选择做某事6， Can I ask you some/ a few questions?7， Welcome to+地点8， So far= un

38、til now= up to now至今为止9， Around/ near here= in the neighborhood10，thanks for +n/ V-ingThanks for your help/ thanks for helping me.Thanks for your invitation/ thanks for inviting/ asking me.Thank you/ Thanks No problem/ Youre welcome/ Thats all right/ Not at all/ Its a pleasure/ My pleasure/ Thats OK

39、.11，talent n.天资，才能 talented adj.有天赋的 (untalented)Have a talent for (doing) sth. 对（做）某事有天赋12，around the world= all over the world13，havein common 有相同特征 in common with 同一样14，Kind of 相当于副词，修饰形容词或副词，意为“稍微，有点”，与a little/ bit 相近A kind of 意为“一种”，some kinds of 意为“几种”，different kinds of意为“不同种类的”，all kinds of

40、 意为“各种各样的”。这里的kind 是“种，类，属”的意思。15，and so on等等16，be up to是的职责，由决定 be up to sb to do sth应由某人做某事17，play a role/ part in doing sth在中扮演角色，在中发挥作用，有影响18，部分否定：all，both，everyone，everybody，everything，everywhere，every，each，always等与not连用表示部分否定。 全部否定：allnone，bothneither，everyoneno one/ nobody/ not anyone，everyth

41、ingnothing/ not anything，everyno，alwaysnever19，make up编造（故事、谎言）20，takeseriously认真对待21，for example例如 follow the example of以为榜样 give an example举例 set an example to给树立榜样 such as例如22，come true23，finish+ n/ v-ing24，crowd v.拥挤 eg：They crowd into the room. n.人群 eg：There was a big crowd at the football matc

42、h. A crowd of students are waiting for the busCrowded adj. 拥挤的.Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show？1， 不定式做宾语：want/ hope/ expect/ plan to do2， Learnfrom 从学习 learn sth by heart熟记 learn sth by oneself自学3， Plan to do sth/ plan on sth计划、打算做某事Plan for sth考虑到某事 make a plan for 为制定计划4， Hope to do/ hope

43、that 希望 （没有hope sb to do的表达）I hope so/ I hope not5， Happen to sb/ sth某人/物发生不幸的事 eg：What happened to him？Happen to do/ it happens that 碰巧Happen偶然发生 take place事先安排的、人为的发生6， Expect (sb) to do/ expect that 期待7， One day某天（过去、将来）some day某天（将来） the other day=a few days ago前几天8， Mean v.意味着（三单为means）Means n.

44、方法、工具、手段 by means ofMeaning n. 意义、含义 the meaning ofMeaningless adj. 毫无意义的9， Mind v.介意 would/ do you mind (ones)(not) doing sth? I dont mind them. make up ones mind下决心 change ones mind改变主意 never mind没关系、不必担心 keep in ones mind记住10，think of认为、想起 think about认为、考虑 think over仔细考虑11，be famous for因为而著名 be famous as作为而著名12，appear v.出现（disappear消失） appearance n. 出现、露面、外表13，come out出版、发表，出来，开花14，succeed v.成功 succee