八年级上册英语外研版(新)各模块知识点归纳总结(完美)(DOC 26页).doc

1、英语八年级上册重点知识点汇总Module 1 How to learn English1.pair n. (相关的)两个人，一对，一双，一副e.g.A pair of teenage boys are watching a football game.两个青少年正在看足球赛。 2correct（1）v. 改正，纠正 （2）adj. 正确的；恰当的 3advice （1）n.意思是“意见，建议”，为不可数名词，可用some，much，a piece of，pieces of等修饰，不能说an advice或many/a few advices。 （2）表示“有关的建议”时，用介词on，接名词、代

2、词或由疑问词引导的不定式。 e.g.Lets ask for his advice on what to do next. 我们去征求一下他的意见下一步该怎么办。 常见搭配：take/follow ones advice 接受某人的建议 ask for advice 征求意见 accept/refuse ones advice 接受（拒绝）某人的建议 offer advice to sb. 向某人提供建议 拓展： advise vt建议 常见搭配：advise sb. to do sth. advise that sb. (should) do sth.e.g.My teacher advis

3、es me to leave now.老师建议我现在就离开。 We advise measures（should）be taken to stop pollution at once. 我们建议立即采取措施以阻止污染。 4We should always speak English in class.我们应该总是在课堂上说英语。 should是情态动词，意思是“应该”。通常用来表示现在或将来的责任或义务。 should/shouldnt do sth.5Lets try to speak English as much as possible.让我们一起尽可能地说英语。 （1） e.g.The

4、y are trying to study English well.他们正努力学好英语。 I am trying doing it in this way.我正试着用这种方法做。 We should try/do our best to help the people in trouble. 我们应该尽最大努力帮助困境中的人们。 （2）译为“尽量”、“尽最大努力（可能）”，主要用于 as.as possible/one can。 e.g.You should rest as much as possible. 你应当尽量多休息。 I have helped you as much as I

5、can. Now it is up to you. 我已尽我所能地帮助你了。现在该看你自己了。6Each time you will learn something new. I also advise you to talk about the films or songs with your friends.每次你将会学习一些新东西。我也建议你和朋友们谈论电影或歌曲。time的用法： （1）time侧重指“时间”这一概念，或说明“时间”的量，time用作不可数名词，前面可much, little, a lot of, plenty of等修饰。 e.g.This saves time an

6、d allows farmers to grow an extra crop in each season. 这节省了时间，使农民能够在每个季节中多种点庄稼。 （2）当作“次数；倍数”讲时，time是可数名词。 e.g.I have been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。 （3）time构成的短语： at a time一次，每一次 at one time曾经，一度 at times /from time to tim有时，偶尔 all the time总是，一直 in time及时，迟早 on time准时 （4）time构成的句型： Its time fo

7、r sb. to do sth./Its (high) time sb. did sth. 该是某人干的时间了。 Its high time that we started. 我们该出发了。 each time（每次），next time（下次），the first/last time（第一次/最后一次的时候）等词组引导的时间状语从句。 14I suggest you write four or five words a day on pieces of paper and place them in your room.我建议你一天把四个或者五个单词写在纸上并且放在你的房间里。 sugges

8、t，做动词，表示“建议，提议”的意思，对应的名词是suggestion。suggest的用法： e.g. She suggested that the class meeting (should) not be held on Saturday. 她建议班会不要在星期六举行。注意：当suggest表示“暗示，表明”的意思，它后面接宾语从句，谓语用真实的时态，而不用“should+动词原形”。 e.g.他脸上的表情表明他很开心。（）The expression on his face suggested that he should be very happy. （）The expression

9、 on his face suggested that he was very happy.Module 2 My home town and my country1It is on the River Cam and has a population of about 120,000.它（剑桥）位于康河河畔，人口约为12万。 population n. 意思是“人口，居民”，它是一个集体名词，它的用法有时较为特殊, 所以很容易用错。 population常与定冠词the连用，作主语用时，谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。 e.g.The worlds population is increasi

10、ng faster and faster. 当主语是表示“人口的百分之几、几分之几”时，谓语动词用复数形式。 e.g.About seventy percent of the population in China are farmers. 有时population可用作可数名词，其前可用不定冠词。 e.g.China has a population of about 1.3 billion. =There is a population of about 1.3 billion in China.表示人口的“多”或“少”,不用“much”或“little”,而要用“large”或“smal

11、l”。 e.g.India has a large population. Singapore has a small population. 询问某国、某地有多少人口时，不用“How much.？”，而用“How large.？”。在问具体人口时用“What.？”。 e.g.What is the population of Canada？ = How large is the population of Canada？ The population of Canada is about 29 million. 2It has a population of about seven and

12、a half million, so it is bigger and busier than Cambridge.（1）million是数词，意思是“百万”。它的用法如下： 当与具体数字连用时，习惯上用单数，而且后也不接介词of。e.g.three million people 三百万人 He was prepared to pay two million. 他愿意支付200万。 但是，后面的名词有了the, these, those等特指限定词修饰时，或其后的接的是us, them 这样的人称代词时，则此时必须用介词 of。e.g.About three million of them h

13、ave left there. 他们当中约有三百万人离开了那儿。 当不与具体数字连用，而是表示不确定的泛指数时，则不仅要用复数，而且要后接介词of，然后才能接名词。 e.g.A careless mistake cost the company millions of pounds. 一个粗心的错误使公司蒙受数百镑的损失。 拓展：与million有相同用法的数词还有：hundred（百）, thousand（千）, billion（十亿）。本节课主要学习形容词的比较级的规则变化及用法。 （1）规则变化： 类别 构成方法 原级 比较级 单音节词和少数双音节词 一般直接加-erlongtalllo

14、ngertaller不发音的e结尾时加-rlatelargelaterlarger辅音字母加y结尾时把y变i，再加-ereasyhappyeasierhappier重读闭音节结尾并且只有一个辅音字母时，双写最后的辅音字母，再加-erbighotbiggerhotter（2）形容词比较级用法 表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级，最明显的提示词是than，其结构为“A+比较级+than+B”。 e.g.Li Leis room is bigger than mine.This mooncake is nicer than that one. 有表示程度的副词a little，a bit，a few，

15、a lot，much，even，still，far，rather，any等修饰时，用形容词比较级。 e.g.I feel even worse now.It is much colder today than before.比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构,表示具体“大多少”，“小多少”，“长多少”，“短多少”等。 e.g.I am two years older than he.This building is 20 meters higher than that one.表示“两者之间最一个(of the two)”时，常用“the+比较级”结构。 e.g.Mary is the

16、taller of the twins. 表示“越来越”，用比较级重叠结构，即“比较级+and+比较级”，多音节词和部分双音节词时用“more and more+形容词原级”。 e.g.Its getting warmer and warmer in spring.Our home town is becoming more and more beautiful. 表示“越就越”时，用“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构。 e.g.The busier he is, the happier he feels. Module 3 Sports形容词和副词的比较级的规则变化和不规则变化 （1）规

17、则变化： 类别 构成方法 原级 比较级 多音节词和部分双音节词 在原级前加morecarefulbeautifulmore carefulmore beautiful在原级前加lessimportantusefulless importantless useful（2）不规则变化： 原级 比较级 good/well（身体好的） bettermany/muchmorebad/illworselittlelessfarfarther(较远)further(进一步)oldolderelder(较年长的)Module 4 Planes, ships and trains形容词最高比较级用法 表示三者或

18、三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用最高级形式。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the，句末常跟一个in/of短语来表示范围。（of表示同范围，in表示不同范围） e.g.He is the strongest of the three boys.Shanghai is the biggest city in China. 表示在三者或三者以上的人或物进行选择时，用“Which/Who is+the+最高级，A，B or C？”结构。 e.g.Which city is the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai or Fuzhou？ 表示“最的之一”时，用“one of

19、the+形容词最高级”结构，该形容词后面的名词要用复数形式。 e.g.Zhou Jielun is one of the most popular singers. 形容词最高级前面可以加序数词，表示“第几最”。 e.g.The Changjiang River is the first longest river in China. 形容词最高级前面可以有物主代词，指示代词，名词所有格等修饰，但此时不能再用定冠词the。 e.g.This is our last lesson today. 形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义。 e.g.Li Lei is the tallest studen

20、t in his class.=Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class.=Li Lei is taller than the other students in his class.=Li Lei is taller than anyone else in his class.Module 5 Lao She Teahouse重点知识讲解 1offer （1）做动词，意思是“提供；提议；提出”。常用的搭配： offer sth. e.g.Many people willingly offered their blood. 很多人

21、自愿献血。 offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb. 把某物给予某人 e.g.The young man offered the old man his own seat on the bus. =The young man offered his own seat to the old man on the bus. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 e.g.She offered to lend me her bike. （2）做名词，表示愿做某事或给予某物(后接of/to do sth) 。e.g.Thank you for your kind o

22、ffer of helping me. = Thank you for your kind offer to help me. 2.Show show做及物动词，意为“展示；显示；给看”，show后可接双宾语。 show sb. sth.或show sth. to sb.给某人看或者展示某物e.g.Show me your pen, please.=Show your pen to me, please.Show your tickets, please.请出示车票。注意：在“show+间接宾语+直接宾语”结构中，若直接宾语为指物的代词it或them时，只能用“show it(them) to

23、 sb.”结构。 你有一支钢笔，请给我看看。 You have a new pen, please show it to me. You have a new pen, please show me it. 意为“带领”，常构成短语show sb. to, 意为“带某人去”；show sb. around，意为“带某人参观”。e.g.Please show me to your school. 请带我到你们学校去。 Uncle Wang is going to show us around his farm. show+ that从句 看出或者显示说明 e.g.Your homework sh

24、ows that you are careful.从你的作业上可以看出你很认真。 此外，show还可用作名词，意为“展览；陈列；演出”，常构成短语on show，意为“陈列，展览” 。 e.g.There is going to be a picture show in our school. His pictures are on show now.他的画现在正在展览。 3If you like the Beijing Opera, traditional music or magic shows, you can enjoy them at the teahouse.（1）这个句子是一个由

25、if引导的条件状语从句。if是连词，意思是“如果；若”。主句是you can enjoy them at the teahouse，从句是you like the Beijing opera, traditional music or magic shows。 思考：如何使用if条件状语从句呢？ 在句中做条件状语的从句是条件状语从句，可以放在句首，也可以放在句末。常见的if条件状语从句表示在某条件下，某事很可能发生。紧跟在if后面的句子是从句。 e.g.If you ask him，he will help you 另外，if从句还表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件，也就是一种虚拟的条件

26、或假设。从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时，表示对现在或过去的一种假设。 e.g.If I were you，I would invite him to the party if：当“是否”讲时，引导宾语从句。 e.g.I dont know if he will be free tomorrow.注意：if引导的条件状语从句中，如果主句使用的是一般将来时，或含有情态动词的句子或祈使句，从句通常用一般现在时。 e.g.If it rains tomorrow, we will not go to the zoo.如果明天下雨的话，我们将不去动物园。 If he comes, let me know

27、.如果他来，让我知道。 （从句用一般现在时，主句是祈使句）难点知识讲解：动词不定式（I） （1）动词不定式的含义 We decided to stay for a cup of tea.I tried to understand the words.I want to go to the teahouse.这三个句子中使用了decide to do sth.，want to do sth.，try to do sth.的表达方式，即行为动词后的动词都采用了“to+动词原形”的结构。我们把这种结构称为动词不定式。其否定形式是“not to do”。 （2）动词不定式作宾语的用法 常见的后面接“t

28、o十动词原形”作宾语的动词有：plan, decide, hope, want, agree, offer, try, like, love等。口诀（接不定式作宾语的动词）想要学习 早打算（ want learn plan）快准备 有希望（ prepare hope wish expect）同意否 供选择（agree offer choose）决定了 已答应（decide determine promise）尽力去 着手做（manage undertake）别拒绝 别假装（refuse pretend）失败不是属于你（fail）e.g.Tom refused to lend me his pe

29、n.We hope to get there before dark.The girl decided to do it herself.注意：某些及物动词可用-ing也可用动词不定式作宾语，但意义不同的有：Module 6 Animals in danger1.形容词变成副词的规律。 一般在形容词的词尾加-ly可以变成副词。例如：quickquickly, slowslowly, loudloudly, suddensuddenly等。 特殊情况： 构成方法 例子 一些以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词，要把y改为i再加-ly。 happyhappily,angryangrily有些以-ble或

30、-le结尾的形容词，去掉e加-y。 possiblepossiblyterribleterribly少数以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加-ly。 但绝大多数以e结尾的形容词仍然直接加-ly。 truetrulypolitepolitelywidewidely以-l结尾的形容词变为副词时仍然要在词尾加-ly，而不是只加-y。除非是以-ll结尾的才在词尾只加-y。 carefulcarefullyusefulusefullyfullfully温馨提示：副词修饰行为动词这一点。如： He is very _(careful).He does everything _(carefully)第一句中是作表

31、语，用形容词careful；第二句中修饰行为动词does用副词carefully。 常考的形容词和副词辨析有：hard 努力hardly 几乎不；late迟的，晚的lately 近来；deep 深deeply 深深地；near靠近nearly 差不多；wide 宽widely 广泛地；high高的highly 高度地；close 靠近的closely 密切地； free免费的freely 自由地。 典例剖析： Tom studies _ but his sister _ studies.Ahard，hardBhardly，hardlyChard，hardlyDhardly，hard4-ing形

32、容词和-ed形容词的区别。 -ing形容词 -ed形容词 例句 interesting有趣的 interested感兴趣的 I have an interesting book.He is interested in science.exciting令人兴奋的 excited感到兴奋的 Have you heard of the exciting news？ We are excited about the traveling.moving令人感动的 moved受感动的 Titanic is a moving film.We are moved by Hong Zhanhui deeply.表

33、示主动意义，多指事物对人的影响，一般修饰事物。 表示被动意义，多指人对事物的感受，主语一般是人，常用于“sb.+-ed形容词+介词”结构。 We are all interested in the interesting story.M7 A famous story1. a girl called Alice. 此处called为过去分词，修饰girl，放在名词之后。相当于named.2.fall down 跌倒，掉下 fall behind 跟不上，落在后面 fall into 落入中 fall off 从上掉下来 fall back 退回fall asleep 入睡 fall ill 生

34、病3. It was sitting in a tree and smiling at everyone.in a tree (外来物或人)在树上on a tree (树上本身有的东西：apple等)在树上 smile at sb 对sb微笑4.“到达”的表达： arrive in+大地点 get to +地点 reach +地点at+小地点 (get hometherehere)5. have a tea party 举办茶会6. To see if you remember the story.l To see 为不定式，在此处作目的状语，表示“为了看看”l If引导的是一个宾语从句，表示

35、“是否”，不充当任何成分，与whether可以互换7. have nothing to do 没什么事可做 nothingsomething to eatdrink nothing 作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数8. once or twice=from time to time 偶尔 Eg：Once or twice he goes to school on foot. once 一次 twice 两次 三次及以上：数词+times three times six times9. whatfor?=why? 为什么? ；有什么用?10. nothing strange 没什么奇怪的事形容词

36、strange作后置定语，修饰不定代词nothing。在英语中，当形容修饰不定代词somethinganythingnothingeverything等时，形容词必须放在不定代词后面，作后置定语。11. hear sb do sth 听到sb 做sth(此处是省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，类似的有makelethavehelp sb do sth 等) hear sb doing sth 听到sb 正在做sthEg：I heard her play the piano in the next room just now. I hear someone singing in the room

37、.12.take sth out of sp 把sth从sp掏出 rushjump out of sp 从sp冲跳出去13. across 表示动作是在物体的表面进行，如过河，过桥，过马路。through 表示动作是在物体的内部空间进行，如穿过森林、门、隧道，光线射入等 Eg：Be careful to look both ways before you go across the road. The driver must slow down when they drive through the tunnel.14. tooto 太而不能 拓展：(1) tooto可以和sothat互换 E

38、g：She is too young to go to school. =She is so young that she cant go to school. (2) tooto可以和notenough to互换(not后的形容词与too后的形容词是相反的) Eg：She is too young to go to school. =She is not old enough to go to school. 15. land on 落到上；着陆Eg：The plane will land on the island in five minutes. 16. 宾语从句： (1) 定义：在主从

39、复合句中，充当宾语成分的从句就叫做宾语从句。 (2) 位置：常在及物动词或介词之后。 (3) 引导词：l that 无意义，不充当任何成分，常可以省略；l ifwhether表示“是否”，不充当任何成分，两者可以互换，但有or not时只能用whether；l whowhatwherewhenwhy等表示“谁”、“什么”、“哪里”、“何时”、“为什么”，分别可以充当主语、宾语、地点状语、时间状语和原因状语，不可以省略。 (4) 语序：陈述句语序，即 “主语+谓语” (5) 时态：l 当主句为现在或将来时态时，宾语从句可以使用任何时态；l 当主句为过去时态时，宾语从句可以使用过去的某种时态(一般

40、过去时，过去进行时等)；l 当主句为过去时态时，宾语从句表示一种客观真理、事实时，用一般现在时。Eg：I know (that) you met him yesterday. He asked if I would come. I dont understand what you say. He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon. The teacher said that light travels faster than sound.M8 Accidents1. on the phone 通过电话通话(on 表示“通过”)2. l

41、ook pale 看起来很苍白 此处look作为半系动词，后跟adj. 常见的半系动词有tastesmellsoundfeel.3. listen 听(强调听的过程，后接宾语时需加to,即 listen to) hear 听到(强调听到的结果，后接do或doing) Eg：We should listen to the teachers carefully. I hear someone singing in the next room. (我听到有人正在隔壁房间唱歌) I hear someone sing in the next room. (我听到有人在隔壁房间唱歌)4.appear(v

42、.) 出现 appearance(n.) disappear(v.) 消失5. hit 撞击；打 此外，hit 还可以作名词，表示“轰动一时的成功” Eg：His song made a hit.6. be glad to do sth 很高兴去做sth7. in time 及时on time 准时，按时 Eg：I hope you can come back in time. Please hand in your homework on time.8. fall off=fall down from 从摔下来你fall asleep 入睡fall into 掉入fall in love w

43、ith sb 爱上某人 fall behind 落在后面9. the risk of 的风险 side by side 肩并肩 pay attention to 注意(to 是一个介词，后接名词或doing) Eg：We should pay more attention to developing economy.10. sometimes 有时some times 几次；几倍sometime (将来或过去)某个时候some time 一段时间11. try to do sth 试图去做某事 try ones best to do sth 尽某人全力去做某事 have a try 试一试 E

44、g：The little boy tries to go across the road by himself. We should try our best to save the animals in danger. Do you have a try? 12. pick up 捡起，拾起(代词只能放中间，名词放在中间或后面均可)pick sb up (开车)接某人 pick sth up 学会某事Eg：After school, his father drives his car to pick him up everyday. Mike picked up a few words of

45、 Chinese last summer.13. call sb call up=ring up 打电话给sb call on 拜访sb14. take photos 照相15. hidehidhidden 隐藏 hide up 包庇(坏人) hide sth from sb 瞒着某人某事 hide out 躲藏16. throwthrewthrown 扔；抛 throw away 抛弃 throw about 到处乱扔 throw at 向扔去17. As he was lying there in great pain,Henry suddenly remember the photo.li