牛津8AUnit8知识点讲解(DOC 12页).doc

1、 8AU8知识点讲解Comic strip & Welcome to the unit1.I was sleeping when it started to rain.天开始下雨时，我正在睡觉。 探究点：start to do sth.和start doing sth. 一样吗？ 指点迷津 start to do sth.的意思是“开始做某事”，相当于begin to do sth. When did you start to read?你什么时候开始读书的？ 知识拓展 start doing sth.开始做某事，一般可以和start to do sth.互换，区别如下： (1)当我们谈论一项

2、长期的或习惯性的活动时，用start doing sth.较多。 How old were you when you first started playing the piano? 你几岁开始弹钢琴？ (2)进行时中一般用start to do sth.。 The weather is now starting to change.现在天气开始变了。 (3)在start之后有表示感情或思想（如：understandrealize等）的动词时，一般用start to do sth.。 Gradually，I started to understand him.渐渐地，我开始了解他了。 (4)当

3、主语是物不是人时，要用不定式。 It started to rain.天开始下雨了。 用所给动词的适当形式填空 She is starting_ (cook) the dinner.2Didnt you hear the rain?难道你没有听见下雨（的声音）吗？ 探究点一：该句为 疑问句。 指点迷津该句为否定疑问句。否定疑问句的构成及用法如下： 否定疑问句即否定形式的疑问句，汉语中常译作“难道不吗？”。比较： Can he drive? 他会开车吗？ Cant he drive? 难道他不会开车吗？ Do you think so? 你这样认为吗？ Dont you think so?难道你

4、不这么认为吗？ 提醒 对否定疑问句的回答，要根据实际情况来回答。 - Isnt the boy very clever? 这个男孩难道不是很聪明吗？ - Yes，he is不，他很聪明。 - No，he isnt.是的，他不是很聪明。其中的“Yes，he is”实为“Yes，he is very clever.”的省略形式；而“No，he isnt.”则为“No，he isnt very clever.”的省略形式，所以其中的“Yes”和“No”与汉语的翻译不一致。但我们不说“No，he iS”或“Yes，he isnt.”，因为不符合英语中的表达习惯。在英语中Yes后习惯上要用肯定式，而No

5、的后面则习惯上要跟否定式。 ( )- Dont you know him? -_.I never see him. A. Yes, I do B. No, I do C. Yes, I dont D. No, I dont 探究点二：listen (to)与hear的区别是什么？ 指点迷津 要listen (to)的意思是集中注意力尽量听清楚，强调听的过程，后面不紧跟听的内容时用listen，如紧跟听的内容则用listen to; hear强调听的结果，指声音传进了耳朵。 Listen to me，please.请听我说。 I listened carefully，but could hear

6、 nothing.我听得很认真，但什么也没听见。 提醒 hear通常不用于进行时，要表达说话时听到什么，常用can hear。 I can hear somebody coming.我听见有人来了。（不能说I am hearing） ( )If you_ the teacher carefully, you can_ every word clearly. A. listen; hear B. listen to; hear. C. hear; hear D. listen to; listen to3.Earthquake kills thousands of people地震杀死了成千上万

7、的人。 探究点：thousand与thousands of有什么区别？ 指点迷津 thousand常和具体数字连用，但不管几千，thousand只能用单数形式。 thousands of意为“成千上万”，后接复数名词，不能和具体数字连用，但可以和many等连用。 three thousand students 三千名学生 thousands of students 成千上万的学生 ( ) _trees will be planted on that mountain next spring. A. Thousands of B. Two thousands C. Two thousand of

8、 D. Thousand of即时练习( )1._ visitors come here during May Day holidays every year. A. Thousands of B. Two thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousand( )2. His brother_ from a tree and his leg. A. fell; hurt B. felt; hurt C. fell, hurted D. felt; hurted( )3. Our school basketball team_ the match in the final.

9、 A. lose B. lost C. losing D. loss( )4.A flood washed_ ten people last week. A. around B. of C. along D. away( )5. Yesterday, I_ along the street when I suddenly met my Maths teacher. A. walk B. walked C. was walking D. am walkingReading1. I was sleeping when the earthquake started. 开始地震时我正在睡觉。 探究点：

10、was sleeping是什么时态？ 指点迷津 本句是一个复合句，其中I was sleeping是主句，它运用了过去进行时；when the earthquake started是时间状语从句，运用了一般过去时。“过去进行时when一般过去时”是过去进行时中常用的一种结构。 Milie was reading a book when one of her friends came to see her. 当米莉的一个朋友来看望她时，她正在看一本书。 Mrs Li was cooking dinner when the telephone rang. 电话响时李女士正在做晚饭。 ( ) My

11、father_ TV in the living room when someone_ him. A. watched; called B. was watching; called C. watched; was calling D. was watching; was calling 2. People screamed in fear. 人们恐惧地尖叫着。 探究点一：scream -般用于哪种情况？ 指点迷津 scream vi.尖叫、惊呼，通常指因为痛苦或恐惧而发出尖叫声。 When she saw the robber, she screamed for help. 当她看到劫匪时，

12、她尖声喊救命。 根据汉语提示完成句子 那个女孩经常在梦里尖叫。 That girl often_. 探究点二：in fear的意思是什么？它在句中起什么作用？ 指点迷津 in fear的意思是“惊恐地；恐惧地；处于惊恐之中”，在句中可以作状语或表语。 I was always living in fear. 我总是生活在恐惧当中。 The girl cried out in fear when she saw a .snake in front of her. 那个女孩看到面前有一条蛇时惊恐地大叫起来。 Why are you in fear? 你为什么感到惊恐？ 知识拓展 be in fea

13、r of的意思是“害怕”，相当于be afraid of Im in fear of losing the game, 我害怕输掉这场比赛。 ( )We are_ the typhoon. A. in danger B. in trouble C. in fear of D. afraid3. Outside, people were running in all directions while pieces of glass and bricks were falling down. 当玻璃碎片和砖块纷纷落下的时候，外面的人正在四处逃跑。 探究点：in all directions的意思是

14、_。 指点迷津 in all directions的意思是“四面八方；向各个方向”。When we speak, sound waves begin to travel and go in all directions.当我们说话时，声波就开始传播，并向四面八方扩散。You cant go in all directions at one time.你不可能同时向各个方向前进。( )When the earthquake came, people ran off_. A. in danger B. in trouble C. in direction D. in all directions探

15、究点二：while在本句中的用法是什么？指点迷津 在本句中，while pieces of glass and bricks were falling down是一个过去进行时的时间状语从句，while在本句中的意思是“当的时候”，强调主句的动作和从句的动作同时进行。Lucy is making a paper boat while Lily is writing a letter.莉莉写信的时候露西在叠纸船。匹知识拓震霎while也可以表示在某事进行的过程中发生了另一件事。While she was listening to the MP3 player, she fell asleep.她

16、听着MP3的时候睡着了。用所给动词的适当形式填空While l was reading the newspaper, my mother_ (wash) the dishes.4. I could not see anything at all 我根本什么都看不见探究点：not anything相当于_。指点迷津 not anything相当于nothing。I cannot see anything at night. I can see nothing at night.夜里我什么也看不见。同义句转换I cannot do anything on rainy days.I_ do_ on

17、rainy days.5“Im trapped，”I said to myself.我自言自语道：“我被困住了。”探究点一：be trapped是什么结构？它是什么意思？指点迷津 be trapped的意思是“被困住”，使用了被动语态。在本句中，主语I是动作的承受者，trapped是动词trap的过去分词。“be（及物动词的）过去分词”构成被动语态。Some people were trapped in the snowstorm. 一些人被暴风雪困住了。About 100 workers were trapped in the coal mine.大约100名工人被困在了矿井里。( )Thr

18、ee firemen_ when the house fell down. A. trap B. trapped C. are trapped D. were trapped探究点二：say to oneself的意思是_。指点迷津 say to oneself的意思是“心里暗想；自言自语”。 That girl often says to herself in the mirror.那个女孩经常对着镜子自言自语。 “What happened?”I said to myself. 我心里暗想：“发生什么事了？” 用所给单词的适当形式填空 “Oh, whats wrong with my st

19、omach?”he said to_(he).6. A moment of fear went through my mind, but I told myself to calm down since l was still alive。片刻的恐惧闪过我的脑海，但我告诉自己既然我还活着就要冷静下来。 探究点一：go through my mind的意思是_。 指点迷津 go through my mind的意思是“闪过我的脑海”。 Many photos of my brother went through my mind.许多我弟弟的照片闪过我的脑海。 ( )Just then, a go

20、od idea went_ my mind. A. in B. out C. through D. by 探究点二：since在此的意思是_。 指点迷津 since在此的意思是“既然，由于”。 Since you are here, come and play football with us. 既然你在这儿，就和我们一起踢足球吧。 根据汉语提示完成句子 既然大家都到了，我们就开始上课吧。 Lets begin our lesson_. 探究点三：alive和living的用法一样吗？ 指点迷津 alive adj.活着的，侧重说明生与死之间的界限，即虽有死的可能，但还活着，既可指人，也可指物

21、；可以跟在连系动词后作表语，也可放在名词后作后置定语或作宾语补足语。 He must be still alive。 他一定还活着。（作表语） He thinks he is the happiest man alive. 他认为他是世上最幸福的人。（作后置定语） 知识拓展 living adj.活着的；有生命的。living强调说明“尚在人间；健在”，可用来指人或物，作表语或前置定语。 That fish is still living.That fish is still alive.那条鱼还活着。（作表语） That is a living fish.That is a fish ali

22、ve.那是一条活鱼。（作前置定语） Is your grandfather still living? 你爷爷还健在吗？（用living指“活着”并且“健康”） Is your grandfather still alive? 你爷爷还活着吗？（用alive仪表示“活着”） 用alive或living填空 My first teacher is still_. No man_ is greater than him, He wanted to keep the fish English is a_ language.7. Hours later, as I was trying to find

23、 my way out, I suddenly heard some noise above me.数小时后，当我努力找出路时，我突然听到上面有响声。探究点一：try后面可以跟动词的什么形式？指点迷津 try后既可跟动词不定式形式，也可跟动名词形式。跟动词不定式表示“尽力努力设法做某事”，跟动名词表示“尝试做某事”。try to do侧重尽力，try doing只是一种新的尝试。He tried to finish the work on time.他设法准时完成这项工作。He tried washing his car with a new machine.他尝试着用一种新机器洗他的车。根据

24、汉语提示完成句子我们必须尽力学好英语。 We must_ English well.探究点二：find my way out的意思是_。指点迷津 find my way out的意思是“找到我的出路”。How can we find a way out? 我们怎样才能找到出路呢？根据汉语提示完成句子我想我们很快就能找到出路。 I think we _soon.探究点三：sound，noise，voice有何区别？指点迷津 sound，noise和v01ce这三个名词都可表示“声音”，但是，它们表示的“声音”并不相同。(1) sound作“声音，响声”讲时，可以指人或动物发出的声音，或物体碰撞的

25、声音。这个词的使用范围很大。可以说，大自然的任何“声音”都可以用sound。At midnight he heard a strange sound.半夜里他听到一种奇怪的声音。Light travels much faster than sound光的传播速度比声音快得多。(2) noise意为“噪音，喧闹声”，常指不悦耳、不和谐的嘈杂声。Dont make any noise! 别吵闹！The noise of traffic kept him awake.车辆的喧闹声使他睡不着。(3) voice 一般指人的声音。说话、唱歌、谈笑等都可用voice。提醒 sound和noise不仅能指人

26、的声音，还可以表示别的动物发出的声音；而v01ce除了有时可指鸟的声音外，很少表示其他动物的声音。The girl has a beautiful voice.那女孩嗓音很美。根据汉语提示完成句子他们正小声交谈。They are talking即时练习 ( )1. The girl with two cats_ in the yard when the earthquake happened. A. was playing B. is playing C. are playing D. were playing ( )2. My father was preparing for his spe

27、ech _my mother was doing some washing last night. A. if B. while C. unless D. until ( )3. Timmy was very happy to find him _after the earthquake. A. live B. living C. alive D. lived ( )4.I screamed_ help, but no one came_ a very long time. A. in; in B. in; on C. for; in D. for; forGrammar1Past conti

28、nuous tense过去进行时 探究点一：什么是过去进行时？过去进行时是怎样构成的？哪些情况需要用过去进行时？ 指点迷津 (1)过去进行时的概念：过去进行时表示过去正在进行的动作或存在的状态（不强调动作是否已经完成）。 (2)过去进行时的构成：过去进行时由“was/were动词的现在分词”构成，was用于第一人称和第三人称单数后面，were用于其他各人称后面。过去进行时常和表示过去具体时间的词或短语连用或通过上下文来提示。 I was washing my clothes at 6:30 yesterday evening. 昨晚六点半时我正在洗衣服。 (3)过去进行时的用法： 表示在过去某

29、一时刻正在进行的动作。 Millie was cleaning her bedroom at 8 p.m. yesterday. 昨晚八点钟的时候米莉在打扫她的卧室。 表示在过去某一阶段内正在进行的动作。 We were working on the farm those days.那些天我们正在农场上劳动。表示过去某一动作发生时，另一动作也在同时进行。They were making notes while we were reading.我们看书的时候他们正在记笔记。表示过去不断重复的动作。When he worked here, John was always making mistak

30、es.约翰在这儿工作时总是犯错。(4)过去进行时的句型结构：肯定句：主语 was/weredoing其他成分。I r was playing basketball this time yesterday.昨天的这个时候我正在打篮球。否定句：主语 was/werenotdoing其他成分。I wasnt playing basketball this time yesterday.昨天的这个时候我不在打篮球。一般疑问句及其答语：- Was/Were主语doing其他成分？- Yes，主语was/were.No，主语wasnt/werent.- Were you playing basketbal

31、l this time yesterday?昨天的这个时候你在打篮球吗？- Yes，I was. /No，I wasnt.是的，我在。不，我不在。特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 was/were主语doing其他成分？What were you doing this time yesterday?昨天的这个时候你在做什么？( )-I called you at 4:00 yesterday afternoon, but no one answered.- Sorry, I_ with my friends at that time.A. swim B. swam C. will swim D. was

32、 swimming探究点二：过去进行时和一般过去时有什么区别？指点迷津 过去进行时和一般过去时的区别主要有以下两点：(1)过去进行时强调动作在过去正在进行或持续，不一定完成；一般过去时表示在过去做了某事，强调动作的完成。He was making a model plane last night.他昨晚在制作一个飞机模型。（不一定完成）He made a model plane last night.他昨晚制作了一个飞机模型。（已经完成）(2)表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词（be，like，love，hate, fear，own，hear，see，know，want，notice等）

33、可以用于一般过去时，通常不用于进行时。I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food.我讨厌一个人说话时嘴里满是食物。根据汉语提示完成句子昨晚米莉写了一封信。Millie_ last night. .昨晚这个时候米莉正在写一封信。Millie_ at this time last night.2. My dads car broke down because of the cold weather.由于天气寒冷，我父亲的车坏了。探究点：because of与because在用法上有何区别？指点迷津 because of意思是“因为

34、；由于”，后面跟名词、代词或动名词，用来表示原因。They stopped playing football because of the heavy rain.因为这场大雨，他们停止了踢足球。知识拓展 because后面接原因状语从句，一般可以和because of结构进行转换。因此上句又可表达为：They stopped playing football because the rain was heavy. 同义句转换He missed the early bus because of getting up late.He missed the early bus_ he_3.Using

35、 when, while and as用when, while和as探究点：when，while及as可以弓l导_ 从句。指点迷津 when，while及as作“当的时候”讲时，都可以引导时间状语从句，表示“during the time that”的意思。I was playing football when my father came to see me.我父亲来看我时我正在踢足球。He was reading while l was surfing on the Internet.他在看书时我在上网。As l was leaving the market, I met my frien

36、ds.我正要离开市场时遇到了我的朋友们。提醒 当一个瞬间动作发生时一个持续性动作正在进行之中，持续性动作用过去进行时，瞬间动作用一般过去时。(1)如果瞬间动作是主句，我们可以用when，while或as引导从句。When/While/As he was working, I gave him a report_.当他在工作时我给了他一份报告。(2)如果持续性动作是主句，我们用when引导从句。They were walking when I saw them.当我看到他们时他们在散步。知识拓展 (1) while还有“然而”之意，主从句形成对比。He likes living in the c

37、ity while I like living in the countryside.他喜欢住在城市，而我喜欢住在农村。(2) when有“就在此时”之意，相当于and at that time。I was going out when my friend Jack came to play chess with me.我正要出去，就在此时我的朋友杰克过来和我下棋。( )Eddie was sleeping_ Millie was reading a magazine. A. until B. while C. before D. after( )_I was reading, the tea

38、cher came into the classroom.A. When B. While C. As D. A, B and C( ) He was walking in the street_ - I happened to see him. A. as B. when C. while D. for即时练习( )1. My mother_ the meal in the kitchen when my father_ home yesterday.A. cooked; got B. was cooking; gotC. cooked; was getting D. was cooking

39、; was getting( )2. A true friend can see the pain in your eyes_ everyone else believes the smile on your face. A. while B. because C. before D. until ( )3. My uncles car_ on the way to school because of the bad weather.A. turned down B. looked down C. broke down D. took down( )4. Look! There are two

40、 _on the playground.A. snowman B. snow men C. snowmans D. snowmen( )5. I was having supper_ the doorbell rang.A. whileB. when C. as D. untilIntegrated skillsStudy skills1Try to get out as soon as possible尽快想办法出去。 探究点：as soon as possible的意思是_ 。 指点迷津 as soon as possible的意思是“尽快”，asas possibleasas sb. c

41、an/could意为“尽可能”。I will get here as early as possible. I will get here as early as I can,我将尽早到达这儿。同义句转换He answered my letter as quickly as possible.He answered my letter as quickly_ _ _.2. Cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel to protect yourself from thick smoke. 用湿毛巾掩住你的口鼻来保护自己不受浓烟的侵袭。 探究点：cov

42、er在本句中的用法是什么? 指点迷津 cover在本句中作动词，意思是“盖；覆盖”。 The heavy snow will soon cover the road. 大雪很快就会把道路覆盖。 知识拓展 (1) coverwith的意思是“用覆盖”。 She often covers her mouth with her hand when she smiles. 她微笑时常用手遮住嘴。 (2)be covered with的意思是“被覆盖着”。 Look! The river is covered with ice. 看！河面被冰覆盖着。 根据汉语提示完成句子 地震之后，砖块和石头覆盖了整条公路。 Bricks and stones _ after the earthquake. 当打喷嚏或咳嗽时，我们应该用面巾纸遮住鼻子和嘴巴。 We should_ our nose and mouth_ tissues when sneezing or coughing3. What did you learn from yesterdays talk, Simon? 从昨天的报告中你了解了什么，西蒙？ 探究点：learn from的意思是_。 指煮迷津 learn from的意思是“从中了解到；向学习”。