初二英语上册知识点总结课件(DOC 29页).doc

1、初二英语上册知识点总结反义疑问句The pictures are beautiful, arent they? Yes, they are.Its a nice day, isnt it? Yes, it is.You like sports, dont you? Yes, I do.It looks like rain, doesnt it? No, it doesnt.以上疑问句表示说话者对某事已有看法，为了可靠或出于礼貌发问，以求得确切答案，称为反意疑问句。反意疑问句由两个部分组成：陈述句附加疑问句。注意：1前一部分肯定，后一部分否定；前一部分否定，后一部分肯定。如：Henry is a

2、 good boy, isnt he?She cant drive, can she?2除there be句型之外，疑问句的主语必须与陈述部分的主语在人称、数、性方面保持一致。如：She went there last Sunday, didnt she?Mr. White was careless, wasnt he?The kite flies very high, doesnt it?They study hard, dont they?We wont go there, will we?3如果陈述句有一个助动词（包括情态动词），其疑问句用同一助动词（情态动词）。如：You can sw

3、im, cant you?He hasnt met my sister, has he?4当陈述句是“Im 表语”时，由于“am not”无省略形式，附加疑问句用“arent I”代替。如：Im late, arent I?Im a student, arent I?5当陈述部分是祈使句时，后面的附加疑问句用will you? /wont you?/can you? /cant you?祈使句的否定结构后只能用will you? 如：Open the window, wont you?Sit down, can you?Dont forget, will you?6如果陈述句是there be

4、结构，在附加疑问句中用be not there结构? 如：There is something wrong, isnt there?There wont be any trouble, will there?7当前面的陈述句中有含否定意义的如no, never, hardly等词时，应视为否定句，其后的附加疑问句应用肯定。如：He has few friends, does he?You have never been here, have you?She can hardly write her name, can she?8当陈述部分是lets时，其后附加疑问句用shall we?当陈述句

5、部分是let us时，其后附加疑问句用will you?Lets go home together, shall we?Let us go home, will you?9反意疑问句要用yes, no来回答。只要事实是肯定的，用yes；事实是否定的，用no.不管提问时是肯定还是否定。如：你现在正站着，对下面疑问句的回答完全是一样的。注意几种时态的区别：到目前为止，我们已经学习了以下几种时态：（1）一般现在时：表示经常、反复发生的动作或存在的状态。We study hard at school every day.He goes to school by bike.（2）一般过去时：表示在过去某

6、个时候发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示在过去某段时间里经常发生的习惯性动作。Did you go there last week?I went to see my uncle yesterday.（3）一般将来时：表示在将来会发生的动作或存在的状态。Ill come to see you next Sunday.She is babysitting her sister this weekend.We are going to Wuhan next Monday.（4）现在进行时：表示在说话时或现阶段正在发生的动作或存在的状态。Is she listening to music?He is ha

7、ving a meeting.（5）过去进行时：表示在过去某个时间正在发生的动作或存在的状态。What was she doing when you came in?They were watching TV when I went into the room.（6）现在完成时：表示在说话时刚刚结束的某一动作或状态。I have learned English for 5 years.Have you ever been to Singapore?（7）现在完成进行时：表示某一在过去开始，一直延续到现在，有可能刚刚结束，也有可能要继续下去的动作。We have been skating for

8、 two hours.She has been learning Chinese since she came to China.注意各种时态的构成形式和不同功能。直接引语与间接引语1直接引语与间接引语当我们引用别人的话时，我们可以用别人的原话，也可以用自己的话把意思转述出来。如果是引用原话，被引用的部分被称为直接引语(Direct Speech)。如果转述别人的话，就被称为间接引语（Indirect Speech）e.g.Lana said,“Im not going to her house on Friday night.”（直接引语）Lana said (that) she was n

9、ot going to her house on Friday night. （间接引语）直接宾语通常都用引号“”括起来，间接引语多数情况下都构成一个宾语从句。如果引用的句子原来是个陈述句，我们在间接引语中就要注意以下几点：一般情况下，通常有以下的变化：在直接引语中在间接引语中指示代词thisthesethatthose表时间的词nowtodaythis week (month, etc)yesterdaylast week (month, etc)three days(a year etc) agotomorrownext week(month, etc)thenthat daythat w

10、eek (month, etc)the day beforethe week (month etc) beforethree days (a year, etc) beforethe next (fallowing) daythe next (following) week表地点的词herethere动词comebringgotake2当直接引语为一般疑问句时，间接引语由if或whether引导。其人称、时态、时间状语、地点状语等的变化与陈述句的变化相同，另还要注意将疑问句的语序变成陈述句。在这种情况下，通常将say改成ask，在后面可以加上一个间接宾语(me, him, us等)。 3当直接

11、引语为特殊疑问句时，将其改成由原来的特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，将其语序改变成陈述句的语序。（其它变化与前面的两种句型相同。）4当直接引语为祈使句时，我们通常用一个简单句来转述，这个请求或命令通常由一个复合宾语来表示；其动词通常用tell, ask, order等。 现在完成时现在完成时表示在说话时刚刚结束的某一动作或状态，强调对现在的影响，由“助动词have/has +动词的过去分词”构成。翻译成汉语时通常会用到“已经”等字样。We have learned five English songs this term.这学期我们已经学了五首英文歌曲。I have seen this movie.

12、我已经看过这部电影。注意have /has been to; have /has/ gone to ;have / has been in 的区别。I have been toBeijing three times.我去过北京三次。（曾经去过某地现在已回来）Where is Linda? I havent seen her for two days.She has gone to London for holiday. She will be back next week.琳达哪儿去了？我两天没看见她了。她到伦敦度假去了。下周回来。（某人到某地去了，现在不在这里）We havebeen int

13、his city for 10 years.我们在这个城市里生活了10年了。（表示状态）辨析：have been in, have gone to 与have been tobeen是系动词be的过去分词形式。be有多种形式：一般现在时态形式是am, is, are,过去式是was, were, 现在分词形式是being。have been in 在多长时间了I have been in the cinema for three hours.我在电影院里待了3个小时。三者都是现在完成时态，“have been to地点”表示去过某处，现在已经回来，不在那里了；而“have gone to地点”

14、则表示到某处去了，现在还没有回来，可能在去的途中，也可能在那里或返回的途中；“have been in地点”表示某人在某处待了多长时间。试比较：He has been to Beijing. 他去过北京。（现在不在北京）He has gone to Beijing. 他去北京了。（现在在北京或在途中）He has been in Beijing for two years. 他在北京两年了。八、Would you mind?你介意做吗?这是英语中委婉请求的表达方式，语气委婉、客气、礼貌，易于对方接受。其结构是would you mind动名词其他?注意针对该句型的回答，英汉有别。如果表示“不介

15、意”，常说“No, not at allplease dogo aheadcertainly not”；表示“介意”，则用“Im sorry, but I doId rather you didntyoud better not”等。如：Would you mind my asking you a few questions? 请教您几个问题好吗？No, please do. 不介意，请讲。又如：Would you mind if I took this seat?我可以坐这个座位吗？Sorry, but its been taken.对不起，这个位置有人坐。在3a中小结了几种请求帮助的句子结

16、构，请注意。肯定结构：Would you minddoing?Could you pleasedo?Would you pleasedo?Pleasedo否定结构：Would you mind not doing?Could you please not do?Would you please not do?Please dont do初二英语上册知识点总结：短语、句型1、如有always ,often, usually, sometimes, seldom, never, once a.,every.用一般现在时，第一、二人称复数后跟动词原形，第三人称单数后跟动词加s/es。2、如有now

17、,look! ,listen, at the moment .用现在进行时，结构是be (am, is, are) +v-ing3、如有tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, from now on, in +一段时间, some day, next.用一般将来时，结构：will + v原 be going to +v原（没有动词用be ）4、如有yesterday, .ago , last.just now.用一般过去时动词加edgive sb. Sth.=give sth. to sb.给某人某物 every day每天,write down写下，记下write

18、 it (them) down everyday每天的，日常的,how about doing sth.=what about doing sth.做.怎么样 each other 互相.thanks a lot= thank you very much非常谢谢回答Thats all right. =Youre welcome.= ThatOK.= Its my pleasure.=Not at all.Why dont you+V原.=why not+.V原 为什么不help sb. with sth.在某方面帮助别人 help sb. (to )do sth.帮助某人做某事with one

19、s help=with the help of sb.在某人的帮助help oneself to sth.请自用食物watch sb. do sth.看到某人做了某事，（现在没有做，做过）watch sb. doing sth.看到某人正在做某事（正在做）see, hear类似remember to do sth.想起记得要做某事，未做事 remember doing sth.相起记得做过某事forget to do sth.忘记要做某事 forget doing sth.忘记做过某事welcome back欢迎回来 , new term新学期this term这学期, next term 下

20、学学期,last term上学期, give you some advice给你一些建议why not为什么不, make a mistake=make mistakes犯错误correct spelling正确的拼写, what else?=what other things? 还有什么a piece of advice一条建议, follow /take ones advice采用别人的建议,send sth to sb.=send sb. sth.寄给某人send for派人去请/取send up发射. all the time一直enjoy oneself=have a good ti

21、me=have a great time=have fun,玩得愉快lots of =a lot of =many(可数)much(不可数)许多, ,spend : sb. spend some time on sth.某人花费时间做某事 sb. spend some time (in) doing sth.某人花费时间做某事 Sb. spend some money on sth.某人花费钱买某物 Sb. spend some money (in) buying sth.某人花费钱买某物Cost: sth. cost sb. some money某物花去某人钱pay: sb. pay som

22、e money for sth.某人支付钱Take: It takes (took) sb.some time to do sth.做某事花去某人时间ask for请求，要求, ask sb. for sth.向某人要某物ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事 a piece of一块enjoy doing sth喜欢做某事.finish,practise, mind, miss ,consider,keep, continue,这些词语后跟动名词形式V-ingplace sth.in =put sth. in把某物放在里面else常修饰不定代词，关系代词或副词，也可修饰all,

23、much,little等，else要位于其后。所有格为elses.take a deep breath深呼吸, catchhold ones breath屏住呼吸,out of breath上气不接下气, wish sb. to do sth.希望某人做某事,the number of的数目，后跟名词复数，动词用三单, a number of =many,大量，许多后跟名词复数，动词用复数形式。a large number of，a small number of ,invite sb.to do sth.邀请某人做某事 find+ it+ adj+to do sth.发现做某事怎么样try

24、to do sth.尽力做事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事try not to do sth .尽力不做某事 try ones best尽某人最大的努力,a group of一组，一群, borrow sth from sb.从某人处借入某物,lend sth.to sb=lend sb.sth.借给某人某物 keep借一段时间practice doing sth.,练习做做某事 come from=be from来自,look for寻找, look after=care for=take care of照顾look up向上看，查阅, look like看起来像,look at

25、看着, look on sb. as把某人看作,look forward to doing sth.盼望，期待做某事 look over检查，翻阅,look out当心，向外看, look through仔细查看,be ready for =get ready for=prepare for为, be ready准备好,be (get ) ready to do sth.准备做某事，乐意做某事translateinto 将译成，take a message捎个信， leave a message留个信，be good for对有好处， be good at =do well in擅长于be p

26、oor at =be bad at =do badly in=be weak in不擅长 Think of想起，think about想出， think over仔细考虑，else修饰不定代词something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,anybody,nobody和who, what,when,where时放后，四说，1,speak说语言，2.say说内容，3,talk与谁说，4,tell告诉，讲述，四看，1,watch观看电视，比赛和表演，2,see看人，电影，医生，风景， 3,read看书，报，4,look就看。 看场电影要用see，读书看

27、报用read 电视、戏剧、比赛，凡是表演用watch,observe细观察，一时注意用notice.make+宾语+补足语（形容词）使某人某物怎么样。.make+宾语+do 让某人做某事make+宾语+过去分词 使某人被怎么样；make friends with sb.与某人交朋友，hear of听说， hear from收到某人的来信，be bad for对有害， it is +adj.+of sb +to do sth.写性格，品质 kind, goodnice ,right,wrong,clever,careless,polite,foolish等。It is+adj+for sb +t

28、o do sth.对物的评价difficult,easy hard,dangerous,important,等write to 给写信， next to 在旁边，do some concerts办音乐会， speak to sb.和某人讲话，say hello to sb.给某人问好， say bye to sb.向某人说再见，show sb. around somewhere带某人参观某地，learn sth from sb.向某人学习choose the correct answers选择正确答案, correct the mistakes改错,matchwith把和搭配起来建议：1.wh

29、y dont you do sth?=why not do sth? 2.How about doing sth?=what about doing sth? 3.You should /can do sth. 4.Remember to do sth. 5.Dont forget to do sth. 6.can you do sth ? 7.Lets do sth. 8.Itsa good idea to do 9.would you like to do ? 10.Shall we do 11.Youd better (not )do sth.回答：Thats a good idea.T

30、hanks a lot. Great, OK. Thats right. All right. Good idea. Sure.MODULE2 现在完成时：1.表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或结果，常与recently, ever, never,already,yet ,just,before still连用；2.表示发生在过去并且一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for+时间段或since+时间点连用。结构：have(has)+过去分词，get into=enter进入, whats the price of =how much is 问价格dream about梦到, dream of

31、 梦见,around the world=all over the world全世界,stay with sb.与某人呆一起 stay at home呆在家里,stay in bed呆在床上, walk to =go toon foot步行去take off脱下，起飞, land on/in /at 着路,all over China,全中国, take a seat =have a seat请坐,come ture实现, fly to =go to .by plane(by air),坐飞机drive to =go toby car开车， at the end of在尽头/结尾sell ou

32、t卖光, at the end 在结束时,have been to去过（现在不在那儿）,have gone to 去了（现在不在说话地）everyday English日常英语， first price一等奖，The most exciting experience最激动人心的经历， before long不久，long before=soon=a little later很久以前， no problem没问题，have a problem in doing sth.做某事有困难， work out a problem解决一个问题，invite sb to do sth,邀请某人做某事 inv

33、ite sb to some place邀请某人去某地,one day,某一天，（过去或将来） some day某一天（将来）,连系动词，一是be (am, is ,are ,was ,were,)一感觉feel ，一保持keep，三变become, get turn，四起来taste ,smell , look, sound，后跟形容词作表语。不定代词：somebody, some one某人，anybody,anyone任何人nobody,no one，没人everyone,everybody每个人,something某物,anything任何物,nothing没事,everything一

34、切事物，修饰他们的形容词放后。different kinds of =all kinds of不同种类的，各种各样的，by the end of到末为止，不迟于give a concert=give concerts举办音乐会in the end =finally最后，终于，take a photo=take photos照相，店 cook sth for sb.=cook sb.sth. 为某人做饭buy,makesuch+a /an +adj+单数名词=so +adj+a/an+单数名词(名前such，形副so，多多少少也用so,little属特殊，“小”用such,少用so.)交通工具的

35、乘坐，take the(a) +交通工具to , =go.by+交通工具=go.on /in+a(the)+交通工具(小汽车只能用in ，其余的可用in ,on);walk to some where=go to.on foot; fly to somewhere.=go .by planeride to somewhere=go.by bike, drive to somewhere=go to by car,a kind of一种, be kind to sb对某人友善 since then从那时起，take off脱下，起飞，请假, reckon=consider =regard =th

36、ink考虑，认为,be reckoned (to be) ,被以为 reckon.as. 相当于regard .as.把当成 in the photo,在照片里go abroad,出国 be abroad,在国外 travel abroad,到国外旅行sell out,卖光 sell to , 卖给某人 sell well卖得好,四个也：also,肯定，行前be 后；too肯定，句末；either,否定，句末；as well,肯定，句末。go to sleep,去睡觉 the price of,.的价格，形容价格用high,low。sell sth at a high price,以高价出售，

37、 sell sth at a low price,以低价出售。yet ,用于完成时态的否定句和疑问句中；have a wonderful time 玩得高兴,would like to do sth=want to do sth,想要做某事would like sb. to do sth=wat sb to do sth想要某人做某事MODULE3already早已，用于完成时的肯定,；yet,用于完成时的否定和疑问；just,用于完成时just now=a moment ago用于过去时,arrive at (小地方)/in(大地方)=reach=get to ,到达bring,从外往里拿，

38、 take ,从里往外拿， carry无方向, fetch往返拿,more than ,=over,多于 less than,少于alone,个体单独，独自； lonely,孤独，寂寞，也表示荒凉，most of. .的大多数, a visit to 对.的参观,on a visit to.,参观. for a visit 参观, pay a visit to ,拜访as .as.和.一样 not as .as.=not so .as 不如,so .that如此.以致于.如果that后是否定,就可以用too.to转换,如果是肯定就用,形容+enough(for sb )to do sth.be

39、 famous for因.面著名(原因), be famous as以.身份或产地而著名prefer doing sth. to doing sth.=like doing sth better than doing sth更喜欢做某事,prefer to更喜欢. prefer to do sth rather than do sth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事,return from a visit to从.访问返回,be named after以.的名字命名,be proud of以.自豪, be up to sb.由某人决定,up to从事于,忙于, space station在太空站,sh

40、ow sth to sb.=show sb sth把某物给某人看, on business出差,因.公事,在.的上面 over,在.上面,正上方,中间有段空间,反义为underon在.上面,贴着物表,反义beneath, above在.上方,高出,反义belowin the sky=in the air在天空中, by air=by plane坐飞机,in the last three years在过去三年里,用于现在完成时,none用于三个以上的全否定，反义为all；neither两个都不，反义为both,the lastest news,最新消息， share sth.with sb.与分

41、享某物MODULE4 get on /along with sb,与.相处, get on well with sb.与.相处融洽hear about ,hear of听说, in fact实际上,the Hope Schools,希望学校 look after=take care of =care for,照顾drop out of school,缀学 take part in, 参加pay for ,支付,付钱 how long ,多长时间how soon,多久 get on badly with ,与.相处不好hear from sb.收到某人的信，邮件等on the farm ,在农场

42、上in the last+一段时间,in th past +一段时间in the recent+ 一段时间,这三个用于现在完成时because of因为. , sell sth.to sb.=sell sb .sth.,把某物卖给某人buy sth from .buy sth for sb.给某人买东西 get an education接受教育,take part in=join参加, in good/bad health身体健康/不健康,care about关心,在乎, take care 当心,how often隔多久一次, stop doing sth.停止做某事,stop to do

43、sth.停下来去做别的事, dress /undressr+人,put on/wear/take off+衣, drop out 退出,离队,drop in顺便来访, drop out of school 退学point at指着, point to 指向 put on ones clothes穿上衣服with the help of sb.=wiht sbs help在别人的帮助下without the help of sb.无人帮助的情况 at home and abroad在国内外非延续性动词变为延续动词：buy-have open-be open join -be in borrow-keep die -be deadleave-be away come here-be here go there-be there begin-be onfinis