外研版高中英语必修三知识点语法总结超全超值(DOC 23页).doc

1、必修三知识点汇总Module 1 Europe重要短语：第23页/共23页becan加油use of因为thanks to由于；多亏了due to/owing n加油to由于as a result of由于的结果 bn加油e covered by/withbe knn加油own for/as/tomake A n加油out of B用B制成Amake A into B/n加油be made ofwork on从事n加油/做工作；忙于havein commonrefen加油r to参考/指的是/涉及/适用于haven加油 control over/of对有控制权Beyond contn加油rol

2、无法控制under control被控制住outn加油 of control 失去控制in the control of由n加油控制/管理/负责lose control on加油f对失去控制have a population of有多少n加油人口little by little渐渐地in n加油ones thirtiescompare A with/and B比n加油较A和Bcompareto把比作.compared with/tn加油o与比较起来belong toincrease(ren加油duce) to/byin terms of根据/从方面来说/n加油从的观点in the long/s

3、hort term就长/短n加油期而言come to terms=make terms达成协议，和好bn加油ring sb. to terms使某人接收条件be onn加油 good/bad terms with sb.与某人交情好/不好be facn加油ed with面临，面对face to facen加油 along the coastoff the coast在(离开n加油海面的)海岸上ever since自从/一直on the one /otn加油her hand一方面/另一方面be locatn加油ed in=lie in=be situated in坐落n加油于There+be/e

4、xist/lie/stand/appear+主有存n加油在（be）opposite to在对面，与相反just then加油 opposite恰恰相反keep a cool head保持头脑清n加油醒lose ones head惊慌失措，失n加油去理智head for朝着前进get into a difficuln加油t situation陷入困难的状况get on加油ut of a difficult situatin加油on摆脱困难的状况save the situation挽回局势重要句n加油型：1. It is one of the most bean加油utiful cities in

5、 the world. n加油 one of the +形容词最高级+ 可数名词复数 最。n加油。之一2. Portugal is to the west of Spain加油n. 表示位置: A is/lies in/on/to/offn加油 the+方向+of B A is located/n加油situated in/on/to/off the+方向+of Bn加油位置+距离: A is (about)+距离+（to the）+方向+ofn加油 Bin ,on和to表地理方位的区别（1） 表示A在B的范围内n加油（2） 强调A和B两地接壤时，用on.（3）n加油 A在B的范围之外，两者之

6、间没有所属关系时用to。如：n加油Our school is to then加油 west of the hospital.我们学校在医院的西n加油面。3. on the coast和offn加油 the coaston表示“位于河畔n加油或铁路，公路及海岸等沿线上”；off表示“稍离陆地，在沿岸的海里”。如：n加油4. 表示倍数的四种句型： 1）n加油This bridge is 3 times longer thann加油 that one.这座桥比那座桥长3倍。 2) n加油This bridge is 4 times as ln加油ong as that one这座桥是那座桥n加油的4

7、倍长。 3）A is times the sin加油ze/length/width/height/den加油pth of B This room is 3 n加油times the size of that one.这间房间的大小n加油是那间的3倍。 4) A + v. times as many/n加油much + n.+ as B The n加油factory has produced 3 times as n加油many cars as it did last yearn加油. 这个厂今年的汽车产量是去年的3倍。语法要求：一： 一般n加油现在时和一般过去时的被动语态被动语态由n加油“be

8、+及物动词的过去分词(+by) ”构成。被动语态发n加油生时态变化时只变be形式，过去分词不变。 现在时被动语态：am/ isn加油/ are + 过去分词 过去时被动语态：was/ n加油were + 过去分词二：主谓一致：本单元主要强调第二个原则 语n加油法一致原则。句子的主语是单数，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是n加油复数，谓语动词用复数形式。注意：(1) sometn加油hing, everybody, nobody , either, nn加油either, each等不定代词作主语时，谓语需用单数。(2) 当主语后面n加油跟有with, together witn加油h, along

9、with, as well as, like, incln加油uding, except, rather than, bn加油ut, 等时，谓语动词的单复数形式仍然要与这些词语前面的主语保持一致。3）n加油表示时间，重量，长度，价格等的复数名词，作主语从整体来看时，谓语动词用n加油单数。4）非谓语动词，从句或其他短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。例如n加油：Early to bed and early to rise in加油s healthful.5）如果主语是由and连接n加油的两个单数名词，但前面有each, every, no 等词修饰时，谓语用单n加油数。例如： Every boy a

10、nd girl in this ren加油gion is taught to read n加油and write.6) 谓语动词用单数n加油的情况：many a ，more than one，Evn加油ery and every/，noand no/eachn加油and eachone and a han加油lf，aor two，a/the (and) n加油指同一人、事物或概念the number ofa gren加油at deal of / a large an加油mount of2. 意义一致原则。1)一些集合名词，如：fn加油amily, enemy, class, populatio

11、n, arn加油my等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要根据实际含义而定。n加油当表示整体意义时，用单数；当强调个体成员时，用复数。如：2） 由thn加油ere或here引起的主语，而又不止是一个时，采取就近原则。例如： Heren加油 is a pen, a few enveln加油opes and some paper fon加油r you.3. 邻近性原则。neithernor, eithn加油eror, not onlybut also, or连接两个名词或代词作主语n加油时；由there, here引导的句子，并且主语不n加油止一个时，谓语动词通常与邻近它的主语保持一致。 Modun加油l

12、e 2重要短语：agree to the n加油plan (suggestion, proposal) 同n加油意（建议，安排） measure sth in/bn加油y sth用来衡量agree with sn加油b.同意某人的观点或看法，适合 n加油 agree on/upon sth达成协议一n加油致意见make efforts/ an effn加油ort to do sth. 努力做某事 spare no effon加油rt不遗余力with/without effort费力地/毫不费力地n加油get(be) close to靠近，接近，即将发n加油生as a result of由于as

13、 a result结果resultn加油 in导致result from由引起inn加油/during the last ten yearsreceive an加油 good educationbe willn加油ing to do sth.make comn加油parisons作比较be connectedn加油 withat the top of /at the bottom ofln加油ive with与.住/忍受up to直到/到为止/多n加油达make progress进步be n加油similar to与相似encourage sbn加油 to do sth take men加油a

14、sures to do采取措施be cron加油wded with充满，满是in exchangn加油e for交换 acn加油hieve ones goal on a high/low n加油income高/低收入income tax (个人)所得n加油税with the development of under develon加油pment在发展中figure out算出/解决/理解/弄明白n加油be up to=be fit for胜任，适合于 shn加油are sth. with sb.与某人分享share (in)sth.共享n加油life expectancy预期寿命;平均寿命n加

15、油重要句型：1.be be important to sb.of+抽n加油象名词=be+该名词的同根形容词eg. His adn加油vice is of value to us. = valuable n加油This dictionary is of great n加油use. =usefulWhat he said is of imn加油portance for you. = impon加油rtant2. tin加油ll ：直到up to sth be fn加油it for ：胜任Li Ping is not up to hn加油is job.be busy in doing sth ：忙着

16、做n加油be up to sb=be left to sb to den加油cide ：由决定/ 负责3. sure1) make sure表示“务必n加油”，“确信”，“弄明白”，后面常接 of/about sth.或that引n加油导的宾语从句。 Make sure(that) you wn加油ill arrive there on time. 你务必准时到n加油这。 I know theres an加油 train this afternoon, but I mun加油st make sure of the time.2）be surn加油e of, be sure that 对有把握，

17、n加油对确定，确信Can we be sun加油re of his honesty. /Can we be sure tn加油hat he is honest? Im suren加油 of winning the game. 3) n加油be sure to do 说话人推测主n加油语“一定；必然会”或 (常用于祈使句)务必做某事He is sure ton加油 be back soon. 他一定会很快回来。 Be sure not n加油to forget it. 千万别忘了。 注意：be suren加油 of 与be sure to do的区别： .He is sure on加油f his

18、 success. =He is sure tn加油hat he will succeed. 他确信他会成功。 .He n加油is sure to succeed. 他一定会成功。(说话人的看法n加油) . Be sure to writn加油e and tell me all your n加油news. 务必来信把你所有情况都告诉我。另外，n加油常见的与sure相关的短语还有：be suren加油 of oneself 有自信心，for sure的确；确实地， sun加油re enough果真，果然。 用于口语，此n加油时的“Sure.”相当于“Of course.” 与“n加油Certai

19、nly.”。 4. From the agn加油reement came the Human Deven加油lopment Report. 表示方位或方式的副词和介词短语放在句首用完全n加油倒装, 即谓语动词完全置于主语之前。At then加油 foot of the mountain lies an加油 small village. Out rushn加油ed the children.孩子们冲了出去。 Here comesn加油 the bus. 车来了。(To the) south of our schn加油ool stand many shops. 【部分倒装】n加油only修饰副词、

20、介词短n加油语或状语从句，放于句首否定副词n加油never, nor, not, harn加油dly, little, seldom等放n加油于句首 so+adj/adv+(倒装)+ thn加油at1. Only when he return加油ned did we find out the truth (We fon加油und out the truth only when n加油he returned.)2. Never bn加油efore have I seen such a moving film.(n加油I have never seen such a movin加油ng film

21、before)3. So clearly does he sn加油peak English that he can aln加油ways make himself understood.(Hen加油 speaks English so clearly thatn加油)5 S.+ be + adj. n加油+ to do easy/ good/ san加油fe/comfortable/ dangerous/n加油hard/ difficult1).The water is nn加油ot pure to drink (drink)2n加油).He needs a chair comfortable

22、to sin加油t on.(sit )3).The youngn加油 man felt the room cold to live in (lin加油ve) 语法要求：1. but和however的联系和区别howeven加油r作副词用时,表示“然而；但是”,可以位于句首、句中和句末；位于句首时,n加油要用逗号与句子其它部分隔开；位于句中时,其前后n加油都要用逗号；位于句末时其前用逗号分开.howen加油ver与but 两者都做“但是,然而”讲,而且都引出并列句.n加油从语义上看,but所表示的是非常明显的对比,转折的意味较hown加油ever要强.从语序上看,but总是位于所引出的分句之首n

23、加油,而however却可位于句首、句中和句末,同时从标点符号上看,butn加油之后一般不得使用逗号,而however则必须用逗号n加油与句子其它部分分开.2. although引导n加油状语从句 Module3重要短语:pick upat sea迷茫onn加油 averagenatural disn加油astercatch fire失火/着火n加油pour down倾泻而下set fire to放火烧managen加油 to do sth.put out熄灭report on报道fall n加油downfrom side to sidein all总共n加油，合计not at all一点也不

24、，别客气an加油fter all毕竟，终究above all首n加油先，尤其是first of all首先come to an en加油nd结束，完结turn over移交; 翻转accon加油rding totake placea total of总n加油数为in ruins严重受损，破败不堪fall into n加油ruin已成废墟bring sb. to ruin毁灭n加油某人end up到达或来到某处end up with sth.以n加油某事作为结束end up doing sth.以做某事为结束bn加油ury oneself in sth.埋头于、专心致志于某事物bn加油e bur

25、ied in埋头于，专心致志于n加油sth.occurs to sb.某事被某人n加油想起it occurs to sb. + thn加油at-clause某人突然想到it occurs to sb. to don加油 sth.某人突然想到做某事on the same latitude在同一n加油纬度warn sb. (not)to do sth.警告某人（不n加油）干某事warn sb. of sth.n加油警告某人当心某事be experiencn加油ed in/at在方面有经验重要句型:1.A good in加油dea suddenly struck me. 我n加油忽然想到一个好主意s

26、trike sb.+介词+the +具体部位n加油 打某人的某个部位eg. strike him on thn加油e back打某人的背 hit sb in the n加油face打某人的脸pat sb on the shoulder n加油拍某人的肩膀 be struck bn加油y被所打动，被迷住【注意区分】strike, hit, ben加油at, knockstrike “(钟)敲打n加油，撞击，袭击”， 表示有力的打一下。beat 连续地n加油打，心脏的跳动，在游戏、竞赛或战争中击败对方，也n加油可表示殴打，体罚。hit 瞄准某物而击中。也可表示“袭击”knock 用拳n加油头或硬的

27、东西“敲、击、打2.wordsmeanin加油ngsoccur偶然发生；突然想起 It occurren加油d to sb. that .happen偶然发生n加油；碰巧 It happened that n加油 / sb. happen to do sn加油th.break out(战争、火灾、疾病、争吵)n加油 突然爆发take place(有计划地)发生; 举行n加油3.There was the pon加油ssibility of It in加油s possible that语法要求：n加油1. by the time意为“到时候（为止）”，是一个介词短n加油语，在句中经常起连词作用，

28、引导时间状语从句n加油。它的主要用法如下：1).如果从句中的谓语动词是一般过去时，那么主句中的n加油谓语动词通常用过去完成时，表示“截止到从句n加油动作发生时，主句动作已经完成，即过去的过去”。By n加油the timedid, sb. had dn加油one sth. By the time he return加油ned home，the rain had stoppedn加油.2).如果从句中的谓语动词为一般现在时/或现在完成时（表示将来），那n加油么主句中的谓语动词常为将来完成时，表示“n加油截止到将来某一时间为止，主句动作将已经完成”。Bn加油y the timedo/does, s

29、b. will have n加油done sth.By the time you get bn加油ack，I shall have finished the work. n加油3).如果主句动作不强调已经完成，只是说明某个时候的状况，（主句是be的n加油系表形式或者是表示像know, find,n加油 believe等表示认知的持续性动词，则往往用一般n加油时态，不用完成时态。）此时主句不用完成时，而应根据实际需要选用适n加油当的时态，此时by the time相当于when。 例如： He n加油was out of breath by the tn加油ime he reached the

30、top. 登上顶端n加油时，他气喘吁吁。2. 过去完成时的被动语态：had+过去分n加油词3. 间接引语。英语中常用两种方式引用别人的话。n加油一种是直接引述别人的原话，把它放在引号内，叫直接引语；另一种是用自己的话转述n加油别人的话，叫间接引语。如果把直接引语变为间接n加油引语，从句中的人称、时态、代词、时间状语和地点n加油状语等一般都要作相应的改变。3. 定语从句。Module 4重要n加油短语cut out剪除;切掉;割掉cut up切碎;使伤心cut of切n加油断;停掉;隔绝cut in插嘴cut down砍掉;消n加油减dig up挖出be caught in被困在(风n加油、雨、

31、雪)中 catch up with赶上;跟上 can加油tch hold of抓住,握住catch sight of看见 n加油 walk up to认识n加油到/意识到 sweep awn加油ay扫除/清除/冲走/刮走take in吸入（空气）;欺骗;n加油体会;收容 n加油give out分发;发出(气味、热气)；用尽take away带走tn加油ake off 脱下,拿掉,起飞take onn加油承担take up举起,开始做;占据give up放弃n加油give in屈服;让步,投降give off送出;n加油发出（光等）give away赠送;放弃;泄漏;出卖have an en加油

32、ffect on complain to sb向诉苦/发n加油牢骚complain about/of stn加油h抱怨某事one after another一个接一个look throun加油gh仔细检查be part of成为的一部分 masn加油ses of/a mass of许多,大量tn加油he masses群众,平民in the mass大体而论,总体上a wn加油eather forecast天气预报gn加油ive/make a forecast预言,n加油预报solve problems if possible如果可能in加油f any如果有的话if necessary如果需要的

33、话n加油if so如果是这样的话if ever如果曾n加油经有的话if not不这样的话think seriously abon加油ut认真考虑prevent/stop/keep(frn加油om)doingin a nutsheln加油l/ in a word/ in brief/ in short一言以蔽之n加油be concerned for/about/over 对关心,担心,忧n加油虑be concerned with/in与有关as fn加油ar as sth.is concerned就某事而言重要句型1.n加油 appear to似乎，好像/ It appean加油rs that

34、He is only n加油forty , but appears to be (be) quite n加油old. It appears to me thn加油atThe girl appears to han加油ve known (know) it. 这女孩好n加油像已经知道了这件事。It appears to me that you n加油are all mistaken. 我觉得你们全错了。n加油2.wordsmeaningsstrength着重指人的力气n加油，物的强度。force自然力量；暴力，势力n加油；法律，道德，感情力量；军事力量等energy主要指n加油人的精力；自然界的能

35、量power用途n加油最广，包括能力，功能；事物的力量；职权，权力或政n加油权3. sothat/ such that. 引导结果状语从句【n加油注意】1)such 与 so 2)littln加油e少/小3)当so 或such 置于句首时n加油，主句要用倒装语序。The boy was so frin加油ghtened that he didnt knon加油w what to do.改为倒装句：So frightenedn加油 was the boy that he didnt known加油 what to do.4.I couldnt agrn加油ee with you more / i

36、t couldnn加油t be worseif possible语法要求：一n加油：to do不定式(一)结构: to do (否定) not to do (n加油二)不定式的各种时态主动语态被动语态一般式to do n加油to be done进行式to be doin加油ng -完成式to n加油have done to have been donn加油e 完成进行式to have been doing-n加油-(三)用法1). 主To see is ton加油 believe.Its important to ln加油earn .用it作形式主语.2). 表n加油My job is to

37、help the n加油patient. Your task is to cleann加油 the classroom.3) 宾I want to go hn加油ome.think/ consider/ find /n加油make/feel it + adj.+ to do 常用动词不n加油定式作宾语的动词有：hope, refuse, learn加油n, set out choose, decide, agreen加油, manage, pretend, plan. n加油4). 宾warn, tell, allon加油w, help, ask, forceTn加油he teacher to

38、ld me to cln加油ean the blackboard.I en加油xpect you to give me some hn加油elp.五看watch see look at obsn加油erve notice三使let make hn加油ave二听listen to hear一感n加油觉: feel不定式用在介词but, except, besiden加油s后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定n加油式不带to,相反则带to.She could do non加油thing but cry.I have no chon加油ice but to go.What

39、do you like tn加油o do besides sleep.n加油注：在cant but ，cant help but ，cann加油t choose but （意思是不得不，只能，只好），的结构后， 不定式不带n加油to5). 定语I have something n加油to say.(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则n加油不定式中要有介词.)不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面n加油，而且放在其他后置定语之后。不定式做定语与所修饰的词n加油之间有三种关系：动宾关系 I have a lot of won加油rk to do.我有很多工作要做。主谓关系He is alwan加油y

40、s the first to come.他总是第一个来n加油。同位关系We all have a chance tn加油o go to college.我们都有上大学n加油的机会。不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，即使是n加油及物动词，不定式后面仍须有相应的介词。 n加油 不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place或wn加油ay，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。 n加油 n加油He had no money and no place to live.他没n加油钱没地方住。something, anything, nothing,n加油 everything等复合不定代词常用不

41、定式做后n加油置定语。注意比较：Do you have anything to n加油send?你有什么东西要寄吗？（不定式to sen加油nd的动作执行者是you）Do you have anythingn加油 to be sent?你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？（不定式ton加油 be sent的动作执行者是已被省略的me或someonen加油 else）6) 状I came here to see n加油you.in order to , so as to ,enoughn加油 to ,only to , too.ton加油.,(7).独立结构To tell the truth, I

42、 dont an加油gree with you.to ben加油 frank, to be honest, to teln加油l the truth不定式与疑问词who,which, when,n加油 how, what 等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。n加油He didnt know what to n加油say.他不知道说什么。(宾语) n加油 How to solve the prn加油oblem is very important.如何解决这个问题很重要n加油。(主语) n加油 My question is when to stn加油art.我的问题是什么时候开始。

43、(表语)注意：在与wn加油hy连用时，只用于why或why not开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不n加油定式不带to。Why not have a n加油rest? 固定句型:had better/n加油had best + (not) do sth. n加油最好（不）做某事Why (not) do sn加油th.?prefer to do/prefer doingprefn加油er n./doing to n./doing prn加油efer to do rather thann加油 (to) do would rathn加油er (not) do sth.would rather do

44、 n加油 than (do) would n加油rather sb. did（虚拟语气） 要做(1).Thn加油ey pretended not to sn加油ee us.(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎n加油/发生在它之后.)(2). He pretended to be sn加油leeping.(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行)n加油(3).She pretended to have kn加油nown it before.(完成式表示动作发生在谓n加油语动作之前)(4).Were happy to have n加油been working with you.(完成进行式表示

45、谓n加油语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续)n加油Module 5重要短语：be related to与.n加油.有关be equal to等于hun加油man beingbe born good人n加油之初,性本善tell the time报时bring upn加油养育,教育;提出;呕吐bring down使倒下,消减bring backn加油恢复,使想起bring in收(庄稼);引进be at wn加油ar with与.交战live a (n)lifefollow /n加油 take ones advicea sense ofn加油 responsibility责任感make sense 有意义,讲的通n加油make sense of懂,理解There is no sn加油ense in doing sth做某事不明智/没意义 reach /n加油arrive at/ draw/ c