外研版英语选修七：module-1-(第1课时)知识点(DOC 8页).doc

1、1.defend vt.(1)防护；防卫When a dog attacked me, I defended myself with a stick.当一只狗攻击我时，我用一根棍子防卫。His task is to defend his opponent in the basketball match.他在篮球比赛中的任务是防守对方。(2)辩护；律作的辩护律师We need some lawyers to defend us.我们需要几名律师为我们辩护。知识拓展:defence/defense n. 防守/护 defend sb./sth. from. 保护某人(物)免遭defend sb./

2、sth. against. 保卫某人(物)抵御All our officers are trained to defend themselves against knife attacks.我们所有的警察都接受过自卫训练，能够对付持刀袭击。They fought the war in defence of their country.他们为了保卫祖国而战。辨析:defend, guard和protectdefend指抵御或击退外来威胁或进攻。guard指小心谨慎地对可能的危险进行防御，以维护安全、含警戒之意。protect指采取保护措施，使之不受伤害或损伤，常用于防御风雨、疾病或保护权益等。用

3、defend，protect，guard的适当形式填空。(1)We shall _ our island, whatever the cost may be.(2)Soldiers _ the research centre with guns every day.(3)Put on a thick coat to _ yourself from cold.2talented adj. 有才能的；有才干的；天才的Lang Lang is a talented musician.朗朗是一位天才音乐家。Dont run her down. She is very talented.不要贬低她，她很

4、有天分的。知识拓展:(1)be talented/gifted in. 在上(方面)有天赋(2)talent n. 天资；天赋；才能 have a talent/gift for sth. 有的才能/天赋It is obvious that Jeremy ShuHow Lin is talented in playing basketball.很显然，林书豪在打篮球方面很有天赋。He had a talent for music from a very early age.他很小的时候就具有音乐才能。完成句子老师发现小男孩在学外语上很有天赋。The teacher found that the

5、 boy _ _ _ _ learning a second language.The teacher found that the boy _ _ _ learning a second language.3professional(1)adj. 职业(上)的；从事某职业的；属于某专业的professional associations/codes of practice/conduct专业协会、职业道德规范、职业道德You will need to seek professional advice about your claim for compensation.你在索赔的问题上需要内行

6、人士作指导。The doctor was accused of professional misconduct.那医生被指控有违行医道德。(2)adj. 具有专门知识的；表现专门技能的；内行的Many of the performers were of professional standard.许多表演者都具有专业水平。He was complimented on a very professional piece of work.他由于一件表现出精湛技艺的作品而受到赞扬。She is extremely professional in her approach to her job.她对工

7、作极为精通。(3)n. 专家；内行；职业选手She is a real professional.她是个真正的专家。(4)al既可作表示行为、状况的抽象名词后缀，也可作动词和形容词后缀。如：arrival n到达；ideal adj.理想的。单词积累:profession n. 职业；工作 amateur n. 爱好者；业余爱好者；外行(1)业余爱好者(不为金钱而从事体育或艺术活动的人)The tournament is open to amateurs as well as professionals.这次比赛不仅职业运动员可以参加，而且业余运动员也可以参加。(2)技术不熟练的人；无经验的人

8、I shouldnt employ themtheyre just a bunch of amateurs.我不应该雇用他们简直是一群外行。辨析：job, occupation, profession, careerjob表示“工作；职业”的最普通用语。occupation指一般意义上的职业，任何职业都可叫做occupation。profession尤指需要高等教育和特别训练的人，如医生、律师、教师等。career个人希望长期从事以期望有成就的事业。翻译句子:他是一位职业乐师，而非业余爱好者。_4hold vt. 抓住，保持，持有；召开，举行；容纳She held me by the slee

9、ve.他抓住我的袖子。Hold yourself still for a moment while I take your photograph.你不要动，我给你拍照。My brain cant hold so much information at one time.我脑子一下子记不住这么多信息。They will hold a meeting to discuss this problem tomorrow.他们明天将开会讨论这个问题。知识拓展:hold back 阻止，退缩，抑制，控制 hold down 压制，压住hold off 延迟，战胜 hold on 等一下，坚持，抓住 hol

10、d on to 抓住，保住hold out 维持；伸出 hold up 举起，延误，耽搁即学即用(1)语法填空_(hold) his head high, the manager walked into the room to attend the meeting _(hold) then.(2)用hold动词短语完成句子。她抑制住眼泪，抓住桌子说：“我不会推迟这个会议。”She _ her tears and _ the table, saying “I wont _ the meeting.”5valued adj. 宝贵的，有价值的，受到重视的It is absolutely a val

11、ued vase.这绝对是个有价值的花瓶。A man is valued as he makes himself valuable.人必自重，而后人重之。单词积累:value(1)n. 价值；估价；评价；价格(作“价值”解时，强调事物的使用价值和重要性。)What is the value of your house?你的房子值多少钱？Your help has been of great value.你的帮助很有价值。(2)vt. 估价；评价(强调精确的估价)value for money 货真价实He valued the ring at $ 80.他估计这枚戒指值80美元。(3)vt.

12、重视；尊重；器/看重I value your advice.我尊重你的劝告。The parents valued their sons over their daughters.这对父母重男轻女。辨析：valued和valuableNothing is less valued than time, but during the earthquake, nothing is more valuable than it.尽管没有比时间更受轻视的东西，但在地震期间，没有什么比时间更宝贵。valued指“被认为有价值的”，可以指人或物。valuable“值钱的，有价值的”，只能指物。侧重事物的自身价值

13、。语法填空Youll find this map of great _(valued) in helping you to get round London.6attend(1)vt. 上学；参加；出席Our teacher suggested that he attend a technical school.我们老师建议他去上技校。They attended the church.他们去教堂了。(2)vt. & vi. 照顾，护理；处理(常与介词on或upon连用)He has two nurses to attend (on) him.有两个护士看护他。Ill attend to the

14、 matter.我来处理此事。巧学助记:at(ad，to)tend(伸)；伸向attend原义“伸向”某事：心向着某人为“注意，照顾”；脚步向着某一地方为“参加，出席”注意：attend作“照顾，护理”讲时相当于look after/take care of/see to。辨析：attend, join, join in, take part in这组词都是“参加”的意思。其区别是：(1)attend用来表示“出席；参加”会议、讲座、婚礼、听报告等。How many people will attend the meeting?将有多少人参加这次会议？(2)join表示参加某一团体，并作为其中

15、一个成员，如：入党、入团和参军等；如果后接人，表示参加某人的活动。She joined the army last year.她去年参的军。Will you join us?你参加我们的活动，好吗？(3)join in多指参加比赛或活动，参加竞赛、娱乐、游戏、谈话等某项具体活动，常用于口语。有时join in不跟宾语。I first just watched the game, and then was invited to join in.我起初只是看比赛，后来被邀请参加。(4)join.in中的join为及物动词，须接人称代词作宾语。in后接表示某项活动的名词或动名词，意为“和一起”。Wi

16、ll you join us in playing basketball now?现在和我们一起打篮球好吗？(5)take part in指参加会议或群众性活动等，重在说明句子主语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用；part前有修饰语时，要用不定冠词a/an。Well take part in social activities during the summer vacation.我们在暑假将参加社会活动。Lincoln took an active part in politics and was strongly against slavery.林肯积极参加政治活动，强烈反对奴隶制。即学即用

17、用attend, join, join in, take part in的适当形式填空Last year I _ the club. Since then, I have been _ the meetings it holds and _ all kinds of activities. Sometimes, I _ managers _ designing some parties.7average(1)n. C, U平均；平均数；一般水平；平均标准The average of 4, 5 and 9 is 6. 4、5、9的平均数是6。The temperature has been ab

18、ove the average recently.近来的气温一直比平均温度高。(2)adj. 平均的；普遍的；平常的The average age of the students is 19.学生的平均年龄是19岁。Rainfall is about average for the time of year.对一年中的这个时候来说，降雨量还算普通。(3)vt. 从得出平均数；均分；平均为If you average 9 and 5, you get 7.把9和5相加取平均数，得7。The rainfall averages 800 mm a year.每年降雨量平均为800毫米。知识拓展: a

19、bove/below average 一般水平以上/以下 be well up to the average 完全达到一般水平on average 平均地 take/work out an average 算出平均数 with an average of 平均为average out(at sth.) 达到(某事物的)平均数介词填空:He was a good student and scored _ average in most subjects.8score(1)vt. 得分；记分Mary scored the highest mark on the exam.玛丽在考试中得了最高分。S

20、he scored 120 in the IQ test.她在智商测验中得了120分。Our PE. teacher scored the basketball game.我们体育老师计算篮球比赛的比分。(2)n. (游戏、比赛、考试的)得分；评分The score in the football game was 4:1.足球比赛的比分是四比一。(3)n. 二十(单复数相同) three score 六十；four score 八十A score or more were present at the party.二十或二十多人参加了聚会。知识拓展:score, dozen前有具体数词或so

21、me, several等词时，不用复数；其复数形式后接of短语时，则表“许多”，是概数；有“数词score of名词”结构；但dozen不能接of，如：three score of eggs, two dozen eggs。Theres about three score of people in the room.房间里大约有60个人。Scores of years ago, the land was covered by trees.许多年以前，这片土地被森林覆盖。单句改错Id like to buy three scores pencils, but I doubt if I could

22、 afford them._9various adj. 不同的，各种各样的There are various colors to choose from.有各种各样的颜色可供选择。Wheat is grown in various parts of the country.全国许多地方都种小麦。知识拓展:(1)vary v. 变化，不同 variously adv. 不同地 variety n. 多样化，种类Opinions vary on that point.在那一点上意见各不相同。There are several varieties of red roses.红玫瑰有数种。His wr

23、iting lacks variety.他的文体缺乏变化。(2)在意义上variousa number of different.因而在搭配上，various后总接复数名词。完成句子:在植物园里我们能看到各种各样的植物，从参天大树到小花。In the botanical garden we can find a _ _ _ that range from tall trees to small flowers.10entire adj. 整个的；全部的；完整的；完全的We spent the entire day on the beach.我们在海水浴场玩了一整天。I was in entir

24、e ignorance of the matter.我完全不知道那件事情。单词积累: entirely adv. 全部地；完全地；彻底地 entirety n. 全部；完全；整体辨析：entire和wholeThe whole city was destroyed in the earthquake.地震把整个城市给毁了。We spent the entire afternoon gossiping.我们整个下午都在聊天。entire指完整无缺的，未经破坏或分割的统一体；强调全然的整体概念，不包含部分的概念。whole指各部分都完整无缺；常常是由一些部分组成的，含有各部分总和之意。语法填空:S

25、he devoted herself _ (entire) to her research and it earned her a good reputation in her field.11immediate adj. 立刻的，即刻的；直接的As to the problem, we must take immediate actions.关于那个问题，我们应该立即采取行动。Heart failure was the immediate cause of his death.心脏衰竭是他死亡的直接原因。单词积累：immediately adv.立刻，马上；conj. 一就，即刻 insta

26、nt adj.立刻的；即食的，速食的，方便的He lay down and was asleep immediately.他躺下，很快就睡着了。He called me immediately he came back.他一回来就给我打电话。I took an instant dislike to him.我一见到他就不喜欢他。Id like a cup of instant coffee.我要一杯速溶咖啡。注意：instantly同immediately，都可作连词，表示“一就”。Please tell me instantly he arrives.他一到就请告诉我。语法填空：The bo

27、y fell asleep _(immediate) he stopped talking.12deserve v. 应得；值得The question deserves your attention.这个问题值得你注意。He has worked very hard and deserves to pass the exams.他学习很努力，考试及格是应该的。The man deserves to be punished.The man deserves punishing.The man deserves punishment.他这个人是罪有应得。知识拓展：deservedly adv.

28、理所当然地；恰如其分地 deserve to do 值得做某事deserve to be donedeserve doing 值得被做 get what you deserve 罪有应得deserve consideration/attention 值得考虑/注意注意：除deserve后跟动名词表示被动外，need，want，require，be worth后跟动名词也表示被动。The teacher tells those children the flowers need watering/to be watered every day.老师告诉孩子们这些花每天都需要浇水。完成句子：他主动

29、提供给了警察信息，值得奖励。He deserved _ _ _ for the information he offered to the police.1.in the history of 在历史上That is a situation unprecedented in the history of the school.这是该校有史以来未曾出现过的情况。That period was a bright page in the history of Chinese literature.那个时期是中国文学史上光辉的一页。知识拓展:history常用词组: in history历史上 anc

30、ient history 古代史 modern history 近代史go down to history 载入史册 make history 创造历史，做出永垂史册的事业完成句子英语发展过程中有很多变革。There have been many changes _ _ _ _ the English language.2grow up 成长；长大New cities grow up into desert.新的城市在沙漠中崛起。Trading settlements grew up along the river.河的两岸兴起了一些贸易区。What do you want to be whe

31、n you grow up?你长大以后想当什么(指职业)?A child has the right to grow up in a healthful, caring environment.儿童享有在健康，充满爱心的环境中成长的权利。知识拓展grow相关词组： grow away from 终止同的亲密关系 grow down 变小；减小grow from 由长大；由发展起来 grow into 成长为；变得成熟有经验grow on/upon 加深对影响；引起爱好 grow out 发芽辨析：grow up，bring up二者都含有“成长”之意，但用法有别。(1)grow up表示“成长

32、”时，是一个不及物动词短语，不用于被动结构。A close friendship gradually grew up between them.他们之间的友谊日益亲密。(2)bring up意为“培育，养育”，是一个及物动词短语，需要跟宾语，且可以用于被动结构。She was brought up in the countryside by her grandparents.她是在农村由她祖父母带大的。完成句子:布朗先生出生于美国，在俄罗斯长大。Mr. Brown was born in America but _ _in Russia.3rescue.from. 把从解救出来You resc

33、ued me from an embarrassing situation.你把我从尴尬的场面解救了出来。She dreamed about a handsome young prince coming to rescue her from her misery.她梦见一个年轻英俊的王子走来把她从苦难中救出。The two young men rescued the child from drowning.两个年轻人把孩子从水中救出来，从而避免了孩子被淹死。注意：rescue指以迅速或有力的行动营救处于危险中的人或物；save强调的是“使某人安然脱离危险”。知识拓展: rescue v& n营

34、救，救援 come/go to the/sb.s rescue 救援或帮助某人 a rescue team 一个救援队完成句子:(1)这时他们都来救援他。Then they all came to _ _.(2)因为拯救那艘船，使其避免沉下去，她受到了表扬。She won praise for _ _ _ _ _.4at one point 一度；曾经；在某个时刻(其中的point指“时刻，瞬间，阶段”)At one point I thought she was going to refuse, but in the end she agreed.当时我以为她要拒绝，但最后她却同意了。I r

35、emembered at one point she had gone to that empty room.我记得她曾经去过那座空房子。At one point I used to go skiing every winter.我一度每到冬季就去滑雪。知识拓展:at this point 到这种时候 at some point 在某个阶段 be on the point of (doing) sth. 正要做某事的时候to the point 中肯；恰当 beside the point 不切题，不相干 come/get to the point 谈正题，谈关键问题there is no p

36、oint (in) doing sth. 做某事没有意义单句改错:I like Mr. Miners speech; it was clear and at the point._1.The NBA began in 1946, when it was called the Basketball Association of America(BAA)NBA开始于1946年，那时候它被叫做美国篮球联赛(BAA)。It changed its name to the National Basketball Association in 1949 when several teams joined

37、the BAA from the rival National Basketball League(NBL)当1949年来自对手的国家篮球联赛(NBL)有几支球队加入BAA的时候，它把名字改成了美国职业篮球联赛。这两句话都出现了when引导的定语从句，在第一句话中when引导非限制性定语从句，而在第二句话中when引导限制性定语从句。The main school holidays are from December till early February, when the days are long and warm.学校的主要假期是从12月到2月初，这段时间白天长，而且很暖和。Do yo

38、u remember the afternoon when we first met three years ago.你还记得三年前我们相遇的那个下午吗？知识拓展:when用做从属连词时有以下词义：当时；一(就)；如果；虽然；然而；既然；考虑到Well start when the monitor comes.班长一来，我们就出发。Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine.如果机器发生故障，就把电门关上。We have only three books when we need five.虽然我们需要五本书，却只

39、有三本。Why do you use metal when you can use plastic?既然能用塑料，为什么要用金属呢？高考直击(2014湖南改编)I am looking forward to the day _ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.语法填空(1)We live in an age _ more information is available with greater ease than ever before.(2)Shell never forget her stay the

40、re_she found her son who had gone missing two years before.2Michael Jordan was the second player to score more than 3,000 points in a season.迈克尔乔丹是一个赛季中得分超过3000分的第二人。此处是to score.不定式短语作定语，修饰player。在英语中，名词前若有序数词、形容词最高级，the only, the last等词时，其后通常用不定式作定语。He is always the first to come and the last to le

41、ave.他总是第一个到，最后一个走。Is that the best way to solve the problem?那是解决问题的最好的方式吗？知识拓展:不定式作定语主要有三种情况：(1) 不定式与被修饰词构成逻辑主谓关系。He was the first guest to arrive.他是第一个到的客人。(2)不定式与被修饰词构成逻辑动宾关系。Please give me a magazine to read.请给我一本杂志读。(3)用来修饰表示抽象意义的词，与其构成同位关系，常见的有ability，chance，reply，attempt，key，way，moment，time等。I

42、s that the best way to solve the problem?那是解决问题的最好方式吗？高考直击(2013北京改编)Volunteering gives you a chance _(change)lives, including your own.语法填空The last one_(arrive) pays the meal.Agreed!3But there is no doubt that he deserves the title“outstanding player of his generation.”但是毫无疑问，他无愧于“一代杰出球员”这一称号。There

43、is no doubt that.是固定句型，that引导同位语从句，表示“毫无疑问”，其中的no也可换成little等否定结构。There is no doubt that Americans are deep in love with the computer.毫无疑问，美国人已深深爱上了电脑。另外，There is no doubt后也可接about/of名词，也可变成I have no doubt that/about/of：There is no doubt about his success.毫无疑问他会成功。There is no doubt of his success.毫无疑

44、问，他一定会成功。I have no doubt that he will pass the examination.我确信他会通过考试。知识拓展:(1)beyond/without doubt无疑地；必定 in doubt 怀疑；未确定 no doubt 无疑地；很可能(2)doubt用作动词时，肯定形式后多用whether或if引导宾语从句，否定形式后只能用that。I doubt whether(if)he will keep his word.我怀疑他是否会遵守诺言。I dont doubt that our team will win.我们队会获胜是没有疑问的。完成句子(1)毫无疑问刘欢是一个杰出的歌唱家。_ Liu Huan is an outstanding singer.(2)我怀疑他是否真正对这件事感兴趣。_he is really interested in it.