外研版八年级英语下册-Module2-知识点总结(DOC 7页).docx

1、M2 ExperienceUnite1 Ive alse entered lots of speaking competition1、enter的用法“参加”,enter = take part in = join in“进入”, enter = go into=come into The teacher entered the classroom just now.老师刚才进了教室。2、compete的用法compete v. 比赛；竞争competition n. 比赛；竞争 competitor n. 参赛者 competitive adj.有竞争力的 competitively adv

2、.有竞争力地compete with sb for sth 为了sth与sb竞争3、kind的短语adj. 善良的，和蔼的 He is a kind boy and often helps others.n. 种类 a kind of 一种 all kinds of 各种各样 kindness(n.) 善良 4、help sb (to) do sth = help sb with sth 5、improve(v) -improvement(n) 提高，改善 In order to improve my English, my brother helps me with my homework

3、every day.6、辨析maybe与may bemaybeadv也许；大概。通常用于句首，也可放在句中Maybe she is angry.may bemay是情态动词，be是动词原形，两者构成完整的位于形式也许是；可能是。放在主语之后（句中）She may be angry.7、win及物动词，意为“赢，获胜”，也可以是不及物动词，win-won-won 辨析：win和beatwin赢，获胜表示在竞争中取胜宾语通常是game,match,prize,race等She won the match. winwonwonbeat打败，战胜常指在游戏、比赛中打败对手宾语常是人或某支队伍等We b

4、eat them at chess. beatbeatbeaten助记：win赢得比赛，beat打败对手 winner n. 获胜者8、 dream的用法 词性 adj.意为“梦寐以求的”，只用于名词前作定语。That is my dream school. n.梦；梦想 v.做梦；梦到 dream-dreamed-dreamed;或dream-dreamt-dreamt 短语 dream of/about +名词、代词或v-ing梦想做某事She dreamed of/about becoming an actress.9、the first prize一等奖 the second priz

5、e二等奖10、Have you ever won any prizes before?Have/Has sb ever+过去分词+其他? 意为“某人曾经.过吗？”用于询问某人过去的经历。回答：Have you ever been to Beijing? Yes, I have. / No, I havent.ever adv. “曾经；从来；在任何时候”，用与现在完成时一般疑问句中，位于过去分词之前，加强语气。before：意为“以前”。常用与现在完成时中，也可用于一般过去时，通常位于句末。介词和连词：意为“在.之前”Turn off the light before you leave th

6、e room.（连词）He came back before 10 oclock last night.（介词）She has never been to Beijing before.（句末）not ever = never从来11、afford的用法vt. 意为“（有财力）买得起”。常与can,could,be able to连用，多用于否定句或疑问句中，后常接名词、代词、动词不定式。 I cant afford the new bike. afford to do sth. 付得起钱去做某事 She cant afford to go to school.12、辨析：stop to do

7、 sth和stop doing sth stop to do sth.=stop and then do sth.停下来去做另外某事 Im tired. Lets stop to have a rest.stop doing sth.停止做某事 Its time for class now. Lets stop talking. 13、Thats a pity! 太遗憾了!那太可惜了！It is a pity to do sth 做某事是遗憾/可惜的 It is a pity to fail in the exam.It is a pity that+句子 .真遗憾 It was a pity

8、 that we missed the wonderful match.14、meanmean v.意思是，意味着 mean to do sth= plan to do sth meaning n.意思 the meaning of .的意思Do you mean to go to Hainan Island for holiday this year?15、倒装句 在here , there , out, in等表示方位的副词开头的句子中，主语是名词，句子要全部倒装Here is a gift for you.Here comes the bus. (主语是名词 )如果主语是代词，句子则要部

9、分倒装。Here it is.Here you are.(主语是代词 )16、动词不定式短语做目的状语 动词不定式短语作目的状语，可以位于句首，与后面的句子用逗号隔开，也可以放句末，意为“为了做某事”。To catch the early bus, I get up early. (位于句首，其后有逗号)He studied hard to pass the exam. (位于句末)动词不定式to do 结构在句中还可以作宾语、宾语补足语。 He decides to study hard this term.（宾语） The teacher asks us to take notes in

10、class.（宾语补足语）17、need的用法实意动词，意为“需要”，后面可接名词、代词或动词不定式。可用于肯定句、疑问句或否定句中。 He meeds to have a good rest. They dont need any help.后接v-ing形式时表示被动意义 The flowers need watering.作情态动词时，没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形，常用与否定句或疑问句18、write about 意为“编写；写作”。 write to sb 给某人写信 write down 写下，记录下19、Dont worry!不要担心! worry about=be worri

11、ed about 担忧20、make up 意为“编写；创造”，动词+动副词结构，人称代词作其宾语时，放在中间My grandma is good at telling stories and she always makes them up herself.be made up of由.组成 The basketball team is made up of 20 players.make it/them up (代词要放中间) make up “组成；构成”make up a story编故事 make up for弥补make money 赚钱 make faces 做鬼脸make a

12、noise 吵闹 make tea 泡茶make ones mind 下定决心 make a decision 做出决定make progress (取得）进步 make friends with 与.交朋友make the bed 整理床铺21、invite的用法 vt. 意为“邀请”invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事 Lily invited me to see a film yesterdayinvite sb. to someplace邀请某人去某地 Ill invite Lilly to my party.n. invitation 邀请；邀请函；请帖，与介词t

13、o连用。Did you get an invitation to the party?22、called=named 被叫做(过去分词充当定语)There is a girl called/named Lucy in my class.23、动词不定式作表语动词不定式（短语）作表语时，句子的主语通常是dream，work,job,task,hobby等名词。My dream was to be a scientist when I was a child.Unite 2 They have seen the Pyramids24、fifteen-year-old 复核形容词结构1：数词-可数名

14、词单数-形容词 He is a fifteen-year-old boy.（名词用单数，中间有“-”，名词不加s ,作定语） 2：数词-可数名词复数。复合形容词只能放在名词的前面作定语，不能做表语， He is fifteen years old.（注意名词用复数，中间无“-”，不能作定语，常作表语）He is fifteen years old.=He is a fifteen-year-old boy25、at the moment =now此刻;现在（常用于现在进行时中或一般现在时） at that moment 在那时，用于过去式26、one of + the+形容词最高级+ 可数名词

15、复数形式， 最. 之一(谓语动词用单数)The Yangze River is one of the longest rivers in the world.one of +复数名词或代词， one of . “.之一” 作表语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Luxun is one of the greatest writers in China.27、movemove vi. 搬家；改变.位置 move to 搬到（某地）They are moving to Beijing in a month.他们一个月后要搬到北京。move vt. 使改变位置，使移动，搬动 He moved his new

16、 TV to his bedroom. 28、work for. 为.工作(for后面通常为公司) work with sb. 与某人一起工作 29、send的用法vt. 派遣去；命令.去，短语有：send sb to do sth 派遣某人去做某事 send sb. to sp 派某人去某地send for派人去叫 send sth. out分发,散发邮寄：send sb sth=send sth to sb 给某人寄某物或给某人发送某物 send-sent-sent30、the+姓氏复数 表示“一家人”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数The Smiths are having dinner no

17、w.31、have/has been to去过(某地），表示过去曾经去过，但现在不在那儿。have/has been to+某地：曾经去过某地（人已回，常与次数连用once,twice,three times等）have/has gone to +某地：到某地去了（人未回，不能与次数连用）have/has been in +某地：在某地呆/逗留（常与for +时间段连用）I have been to Hong Kong twice.He isnt here now. He has gone to the USA.We have been in China for 20 years. 后跟the

18、re,here等地点副词时，have/has been to和have/has gone to 中的to要省去。 I have never been there.32、for example (举一例) such as (可举多例) 33、be different from与.不同 the same as与.相同His bike is different from mine34、in many ways 在很多方面35、it作为形式宾语的用法find it + adj + to do sth 发现做某事.（it 是形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式（短语），形容词作宾语补足语 I find it

19、 easy to learn maths. think/find/feel/make +it + adj.(形容词 ) to do sth 觉得/认为/感觉做某事36、so far 到目前为止，指从过去某一时刻开始一直到现在的这段时间，常用在现在完成时，多位于句首或句末作时间状语。We have planted 2,000 trees so far.句首 So far I have learned 10,000 words.句末37、mix.with.把.和.混和在一起 mix up 弄混We can sometimes mix business with pleasure.我们有时可以把工作

20、和娱乐结合起来。38、all over the world=around the world 全世界39、count down 倒数 40、look forward to doing sth = pay attention to doing sth look forward to+名词、代词、动名词41、I hope that ( 宾语从句 ) 表示祝愿 I hope that my dream will come true.hope / wish to do sth. I wish to become a doctor in the future.wish sb. to do sth. I

21、wish you to come to my birthday party. 42、 although=though 虽然，尽管(不能but连用，但是可以yet连用) Although he is not rich, he is very happy. = Although he is not rich, yet he is very happy. = He is not rich, but he is very happy.43、19211231111919交通方式的表达法：by+交通工具I go to work by bus. take the +交通工具(在句中作谓语)He usuall

22、y takes the bus to go home. on/in+限定词+交通工具 I hope more and more people go to work on their bike.答：如水资源缺乏，全球气候变暖，生物品种咖快灭绝，地球臭氧层受到破坏，土地荒漠化等世界性的环境问题。 动词+to+地点(常见的动词： walkdriveflyride等) My father drives to work every day. 4444、have a wonderfulgoodgreatnice time=enjoy oneself 玩得开心45、Germany的用法n.Germany意为

23、“德国”; adj.German,意为“德国的”。n.German意为“德国人;德语”,作“德国人”讲时,其复数形式是Germans。表示“某国人”的名词变复数形式时,直接在其后加-s的有AmericanAmericans“美国人”;AustralianAustralians“澳大利亚人”;RussianRussians“俄罗斯人”;CanadianCanadians“加拿大人”等。由-ese结尾的表示“某国人”的名词,其单复数形式相同的有Chinese“中国人”,Japanese“日本人”等。动词原形过去式过去分词唤醒，醒来awakeawokeawoken是bewas, werebeen改变

24、，变化becomebecamebecome开始beginbeganbegun吹blowblewblown打破，破坏breakbrokebroken带来bringbroughtbrought建造buildbuiltbuilt燃烧，烧毁burnburned/burntburned/burnt购买buyboughtbought捕捉，赶上，感染catchcaughtcaught选择choosechosechosen来comecamecome花费costcostcost切，割cutcutcut做dodiddone做梦，梦想dreamdreamed/dreamtdreamed/dreamt开车，驾驶，驱使

25、drivedrovedriven喝，喝酒drinkdrankdrunk吃eatateeaten落下，倒下fallfellfallen喂，饲养feedfedfed感觉feelfeltfelt打架，对抗fightfoughtfought发现，找到findfoundfound飞，飞翔，飘扬flyflewflown忘记forgetforgotforgotten得到，到达，变得getgotgotten给，给予givegavegiven去，走gowentgone种植，生长，发展growgrewgrown悬挂，垂下hanghunghung有，怀有havehadhad听到，倾听hearheardheard躲藏

26、hidehidhidden击中hithithit把握，持续，holdheldheld（使）伤害，刺痛hurthurthurt保持，继续keepkeptkept知道，得知knowknewknown带领，率领leadledled离开；留下leaveleftleft借给，贷款给lendlentlent让；出租letletlet躺着，位于lielaylain失去loselostlost制作，制造makemademade意思是；想要meanmeantmeant遇见；满足meetmetmet支付，偿还paypaidpaid摆，放，安置putputput阅读readreadread骑，乘坐rideroder

27、idden按铃；铃声响ringrangrung升起；起床riseroserisen跑；行驶；运转runranrun说话saysaidsaid看见seesawseen卖，出卖sellsoldsold发送；寄；派遣sendsentsent放，安置，确定setsetset摇晃，摇摆shakeshookshaken关闭shutshutshut唱歌singsangsung下沉，沉没sinksanksunk坐，就坐；坐落sitsatsat睡，睡觉sleepsleptslept讲话speakspokespoken吐痰；吐口水；吐出 spitspit/spatspit/spat传播，散布；展开spreadsp

28、readspread花费spendspentspent站、立，坐落，忍受standstoodstood偷窃stealstolestolen插入，刺入；粘贴stickstuckstuck游泳swimswamswum拿，取，抓taketooktaken教，教学，讲授teachtaughttaught告诉telltoldtold思想，考虑thinkthoughtthought投，掷，抛，丢throwthrewthrown理解understandunderstoodunderstood叫醒，弄醒wakewokewoken穿着，戴；磨损wearworeworn赢得，获胜win wonwon写，书写writewrotewritten