牛津译林版九年级上册定语从句知识点讲解及习题(含答案)(DOC 8页).docx

1、8定语从句一、定义在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的有关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that等和关系副词where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词，既起到连接作用，又在定语从句中担任句子成份。总结定语从句的一般结构为：先行词+关系词+定语从句。二、关系代词1. 关系代词指代先行词，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，基本用法如下表：关系词作用先行词例句who主语/宾语人This is the boy who often helps me. 这就是常帮我的那个男孩。I happened to

2、 meet the professor (who/ whom) I got to know at a party in the shopping center yesterday. 昨天在购物中心，我碰巧遇到了那位我在一次聚会上认识的教授。whom宾语人The man whom you are waiting for has gone home.你等的那个人已经回家了。that主语/宾语人或物This is the pen that writes well. 这是那支很好写的笔。This is the pen that you want. 这是你想要的钢笔。The tallest player

3、 that plays football for our team is from Fujian. 我们足球队的最高的那个运动员来自福建。which主语/宾语物The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.有个机器的房间是车间。The river which is in front of my house is very clean.从我家前面流过的河流非常清澈。whose定语人或物The room whose door is blue is mine.蓝色房门的那个房间是我的房间。注意：一般情况下，that既可以指人又可以指物，可以代替

4、who, whom和which，在句子中充当主语、宾语或表语；which指物，在从句中也做主语、宾语或表语，所以which和that在指物时，大多时候可以互换，如：This is the movie that I like best.=This is the movie which I like best. 这就是我最喜欢的电影。2. 关系代词的省略一般情况下，关系代词作宾语时可以省略，但若关系代词在从句中作介词宾语，且介词在关系代词前，不能省略，如：Ill never forget the day that we spent together.我永远都不会忘记与你共度的时光。（可省略）Ill

5、 never forget the day on which we met each other.我永远不会忘记我们初次见面那一天。（不可省）三、关系副词关系词作用先行词例句when状语时间Ill never forget the day when I met you for the first time.我永远不会忘记初次见你的那一天。where状语地点This is the place where we have lived for 5 years.这就是我们住了五年的地方。why状语原因I dont know the reason why he was late. 我不知道他迟到的原因。

6、注意：与关系代词不同，关系副词在从句中作状语，状语并不是句子必须成分，所以即使没有关系副词，从句的内容也完整。这是关系副词与关系代词最大的不同，也是我们选题的关键。同时，关系副词大多可以拆分成介词+which的形式，如：This is the house where Luxun once lived.=This is the house in which Luxun once lived.这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。四、考点延伸我们都知道，若先行词为物，关系词可以用that或which，而且大多数可以互换。但以下几种情况，必须用 that引导定语从句：1. 先行词是不定代词all, few, li

7、ttle, much, something, nothing, anything等，如：All that we have to do is to practice English.我们要做的事情就是去练习英语。2. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，如：The first letter that I got from him will be kept.我收到他的第一封信将会被保存起来。3. 先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰，如：Ive eaten up all the food that you gave me.我把你给我

8、的所有事物都吃光了。4. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时，如：He is the only person that I want to talk with.他是我唯一想与之交谈的人。5. 先行词既有人又有物时，如:They talked about persons and things that they met.他们谈论了他们见到的人和事。五、方法总结定语从句考查形式比较单一，单选一般考关系词的选择。在学习定语从句过程中，我们会发现，关系词的选择往往跟先行词有着很大关联，比如先行词是人往往用“who”或“whom”，先行词为物往往用

9、“which”或“that”等，所以我们很容易根据先行词判断出关系词选谁最合适。初中阶段我们要求会判断定语从句中的关系词，并能在作文中写出简单的定语从句。高中会系统讲解定语从句，所以我们在初中阶段还要了解从句中的各个成分，为之后的学习做好准备。随堂练习（一） 关系代词1、Do you know the girl_ is drawing a picture？A. when B. whose C. which D. who【答案】 D【解析】 when副词，指时间，在定语从句中作状语 whose关系代词，指人或物，定语从句中只能作定语；which 关系代词，指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；who关

10、系代词，指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语； 根据 the girl _ is drawing a picture，本句中先行词girl，是定语从句的主语，指人，故选用主格who2、 Anyone who is a server or _ has been one knows that customers always come firstA. whom B. what C. who D. which【答案】 C【解析】 whom谁, 宾格;what什么, 不能引导定语从句;who谁, 主格;which哪一个, 指物根据先行词是anyone, 并且引导词在定语从句中作主语, 所以要用who来引导定

11、语从句, 因此可知这句话的意思是任何服务员或曾经做过服务员的人都知道顾客至上3、 David is a fantastic singer can play different kinds of music.A. which B. who C. where D. whom【答案】 B4、 -Do you know everyone at the party?-Almost, but I dont know the one _ you talked with at the doorA. what B. whose C. who D. which【答案】 C【解析】 考查关系代词A什么B谁的C谁D哪

12、个句意-你认识聚会上的每个人吗?-差不多了, 但我不认识你在门口跟你说话的那个人这里是定语从句, 先行词the one代指人, 用who引导5、李老师是一个喜欢踢足球的英语老师。Mr. Li is an English teacher _ loved playing soccer.【答案】 who【解析】 考查关系代词。从句缺少主语，再结合语境，先行词为人，所以填who。6、我生命中对我最重要的女人是我母亲。The woman _ is the most important in my life is my mother.【答案】 who【解析】 考查关系代词。从句缺主语，选关系代词；先行词是

13、人，所以用who。7、钓鱼是一种爱好，它需要很多耐心。Fishing is a hobby _ needs much patience【答案】 which/ that【解析】 考查关系代词。从句缺少主语，先行词为物，用that和which都可以；所以填which/ that。8、 I dont know the man _ called you just nowA. who B. which C. whom D. whose【答案】 A【解析】 分析句子，结合选项，推测意思是我不认识刚才打电话给你的那个人这是一个定语从句，先行词是the man，在从句中充当主语，故用who故选：A9、 Do

14、you know the American girl _ sunglasses?A. that wear B. who is wearing C. who is putting on D. that puts on【答案】 B10、看！叫赛门的那个男孩在和他的朋友踢足球。Look! The boy _ name is Simon is playing soccer with his friends.【答案】 whose【解析】 考查关系代词。先行词boy与name之间有很明显的所属关系，故用whose。11、我觉得我们正学的第一课非常简单。I think the first lesson _

15、we are learning is very easy.【答案】 that【解析】 考查关系代词。先行词为物，被序数词first修饰，关系词只能用that。12、我不相信他所说的迟到原因。I dont believe the reason _ he has given for his being late.【答案】 which/ that/ 【解析】 考查关系代词。从句中缺少give的宾语，用关系代词；先行词为reason，为事物，故填which, that或省略。13、-Which is your new neighbor, Liu Hua?- The man _ T-shirt is r

16、ed.A. that B. who C. which D. whose【答案】 D 14、 The young lady _ is interviewing Lin Zhixuan about the program I am a singer is from China Daily.A. who B. whom C. which D. whose【答案】 A15、 I have a friend _ likes reading:A. which B. who C. when D. where【答案】 B16、 The computer _ I bought a week ago broke

17、down today.A. what B. who C. which D. whom【答案】 C（二） 关系副词1、Newton was playing under an apple tree _ an apple fell on his headA.whenB.whileC.afterD.before【答案】 A【解析】 根据语境推测句意是当一个苹果落在牛顿头上的时候，他正在苹果树底下玩，由于设空处所在的时间状语从句用了一般过去时，所以用when表示当时；注意while也表示当时，通常与延续性动词连用，且用于进行时中2、Is this the place _ Lincoln once liv

18、ed.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when【答案】 C【解析】 考查关系副词的选择。live一词为不及物动词，不能直接跟宾语，所以要选关系副词，排除AB；又本题先行词为地点，故选 C。3、Dad prefers the places _ there are a lot of places of interest. A. where B. which C. who D. that【答案】 A4、 Is that the reason _ you are interested in computer games?A. Which B, what C. why D. for that

19、【答案】 C【解析】 考察定语从句，先行词是物the reason，从句解释的是原因具体是什么，故选C。5、 Do you remember the year _ you met the girl in the countryside?A. which B. that C. when D. on which【答案】 C【解析】 考察定语从句，the year在从句中做状语，故选C。6、 Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago?A. that B. where C. which D. the one【答案】 B【解析】 考察定语从句，先行词是物

20、the factory，此时引导词修饰的先行词在句中做地点状语，故选B。7、 Ill never forget the days _ I stayed with you.A. When B. in which C. that D. for which【答案】 A【解析】 考查关系副词的选择。本题从句完整，要选关系副词；先行词指时间，故选 A。课后练习 1、-Have you ever heard of Chen Guangbiao?-Yes, I think he is a kind man _ often helps people in need.A. Who B. where C. whi

21、ch D. what【答案】 A【解析】 分析句子得知，often helps people in need这是一个定语从句，修饰先行词man，在从句中充当主语，故关系词可以用that或who，结合选项，故选AB哪一个，C什么。2、 It is hard to imagine a student does not know how to skate in Harbin.A. whom B. which C. what D. who【答案】 D3、 I like the actors _ are very famous now.A. Which B. who C. whom D. why【答案】

22、 B【解析】 which意思是哪一个指物;who意思是谁指人;why意思是为什么根据先行词是the actors是指人的词语,又根据_ are very famous空格后面是系动词are,所以空格处需要一个可以作主语的词语来填空,综上所述.4、 Id like to congratulate all the students are here today.A. What B. which C. who D.where【答案】 C5、完成句子(1). 人们都喜欢那些有礼貌的人。People all like those _ have good manners.(2). 这是我障碍寻找的那本书。

23、This is the book _ Im looking for.(3). 这是我看过的最有趣的电影。This is _ _ interesting _ _ Ive ever seen.(4). 我还记得第一次来北京的那一天。I still remember the day _ I first came to Beijing.(5). 你能告诉我他上班的办公室吗？Can you tell me the office _ he works?【答案】 1. who 2. that/which 3. the most; movie that 4. when 5. where【解析】 1. 考查关系

24、代词。从句缺少主语，再结合语境，此处those指那些人，所以填who。2. 考查关系代词。从句缺少宾语，需要关系代词；又先行词为book，所以填which和that都可以。3. 考查关系代词。最高级修饰只能用that。4. 考查关系副词。从句成分完整，填关系副词，先行词为day表时间，故填when。5. 考查关系副词。从句中动词为work，为不及物动词，所以不缺宾语，用关系副词；又先行词为office，表地点，故填where。6、 Wang Jia went to the village _ her family lived ten years ago. Thats good to recal

25、l the past.A. whenB. whichC. whereD. that【答案】 C7、 This is the primary school _ I studied three years ago.A.whereB.whenC.thatD.which【答案】 A【解析】 考查关系副词的选择。从句是完整的句子，选关系副词，排除CD；又先行词为primary school为地点，故选A。8、 这是他为什么没有参加你生日的原因。That is the reason _ he didnt come to your birthday.【答案】 why【解析】 考查关系副词。从句不缺成分，用关

26、系副词；先行词为reason，故用why。9、 Have you seen the man _ plan we were talking about yesterday? A. who B. its C.whose D.which【答案】 C 10、 The girl _ an English song in the next room is Toms sister. A. Who is singing B. is singing C.sang D. was singing【答案】 A【解析】考察定语从句，先行词是人，可用who和that，在从句中做主语不可省略，故选A。11、 This is

27、 the book _ I am looking for.A. whatB. whichC. whoD. whom【答案】 B【解析】 考察定语从句。修饰物，从句缺少宾语，用which/ that或者不填，故选B。12、 All _ can be done has been done.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. when【答案】 A【解析】 考察定语从句。修饰all，不定代词，用that，故选A。13、 He got to the village_ his family once lived before liberation.A. thatB. whichC. whenD. where【答案】 D【解析】 考察定语从句。从句中live为非及物动词，不能直接跟宾语，缺状语排除AB；又先行词为地点，故选D。