牛津译林版八年级下册Unit-7知识点总结梳理(DOC 8页).docx

1、Unit 7 International charities 7.1 Comic strip & Welcome to the unit1. have some pocket money left. 剩一些零花钱。left为后置定语，修饰pocket money。动词的过去分词常常可以用作后置定语。a man called/named Tom 一位叫作名为汤姆的男子a book written by Lu Xun 一本由鲁迅写的书2. after that 然后I went to see my sick friend after that. 然后，我去看望了我生病的朋友。3. further

2、& fartherfarther表示具体距离的远近，而further可表示抽象的“远”，是“进一步；更多的”的意思。His home is farther to our school than mine. 他家离我们学校比我家离得远。Please give us a further explanation. 请给我们进一步解释。4. especially特别，尤其especially副词，意为“特别，尤其”。Everyone feels sad sometimes, especially when unhappy things happen. 比较especially与specially，前者

3、表示突出重点，强调其后的成分，specially的意思是“专门的，特别的”，如：This kind of chair is specially designed for the disabled. 这种椅子是专门为残疾人设计的。5. equal rights 平等的权利right名词，意为“（法定）权利”。have right to do sth. 做某事的权利Every child has the right to receive education. 每个孩子都有结构教育的权利right的其他用法： 形容词，“正确的，恰当的；右边的” 名词，“右边；正义”6. spread 传播，扩散sp

4、read作为名词，意为“扩散；分布；展开”the spread of some serious diseases 一些严重疾病的传播spread还可以作为动词，意为“（使）散开；扩散，spread-spread-spread.如：All his private papers were spread all over the floor. 他所有的私人文件都被散地满地都是。7.2 Reading1. interview(1) interview名词，意为“采访”，短语have an interview with sb.(2) interview及物动词，interview sb. 采访某人int

5、erviewer采访者，interviewee 被采访者；面试者2. tell sb. (about) sth. 告诉某人（关于）某事 (1)表示讲述。tell a story/joke讲故事笑话(2)表示吩咐、命令。Tell him to wait for me in the office. 让他在办公室等我。She told them not to smoke in the room. 她叫他们不要在屋子里吸烟。(3)表示告诉。tell sb. (about) sth.告诉某人某事。The headteacher will tell us about the result of the s

6、ports meeting. 校长将会告诉我们运动会的结果。3. blindnessblindness是名词，意为“失明”，形容词为blind，-ness为其名词后缀，类似用法的词有：deafness，illness，happiness，kindness，sadness等。4. mostly与most (1) mostly的用法：mostly只能作副词，意为“主要地；多半地；大部分地”。The audience consisted mostly of women观众主要是妇女。Our weather is mostly warm.我们这里的天气多半是暖和的。(2) most的用法：most作形

7、容词，意为“最多的；多数的；大部分的”。Most fish have fins大多数鱼有鳍。most还可以作代词，意为“许多；许多人（或物）”。Most of my friends live in London.我的大多数朋友住在伦敦。5. prevent (1)意为“防止；预防”，prevent sth.预防某事。These rules are intended to prevent accidents. 这些规则旨在防止事故发生。(2)意为“阻止；阻挡”，prevent sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事。The rain prevented us from playin

8、g football. 这场雨使我们不能踢足球了。prevent sb. from doing sth=stop/keep sb. from doing sth.6. Many of our patients cant afford to go to hospitals, so we have to go to them.afford意思是 “买得起; （有时间）做” 通常与can, could, be able to连用，多用于否定句和疑问句。7. on board 在飞机（船、火车）上注意board 与broad的拼写。board意为“木板，板子”，broad意为“宽阔的”，Eagles

9、have broad wings. 老鹰有宽阔的翅膀。Have the passengers gone on board yet? 乘客们登机了吗？abroad 副词，意为“在国外”，go abroad 去国外8. medicalmedical 形容词，意为“医学的”如：medical treatmentMany people dont have money for medical treatment.medicine名词，“药；医学”modern medicine 现代医学 take some medicine吃药9. The plane is also used as a training

10、 centre.飞机也被用作培训中心。be used as意为“被用作为”。English is used as a foreign language in China.在中国，英语被作为一门外语使用。a training centre意为“一个培训中心”，在这个短语中training作定语。现在分词作定语的短语有：a shopping list购物单 reading week阅读周 driving lessons驾驶课10. By training them, we hope to help more people.句中的by是介词，意思是“通过某种方法、手段”，后接名词或者动词-ing形式

11、。You can learn more about the news by reading todays newspaper.看看今天的报纸，你就能对这条信息有更多的了解。11. During my last visit, 150 patients were operated on. 在我上一次拜访期间，150位病人动了手术。do/perform operations /an operation (on sb.) =operate on sb.给做手术have an operation接受手术，开刀12. Im proud to help people see again and improv

12、e their lives.proud adj. 自豪的, 骄傲的be proud of sb /sth. 对.感到自豪 be proud to do sth. be proud that +句子 They were proud of their success. 他们为自己的成功而骄傲。pride名词，“骄傲”，短语：the pride of Im the pride of my parents. 我的父母以我为豪。13. Modern medicine is developing quickly and now most eye problems and diseases can be t

13、reated and cureddevelop动词，意为“发展；加强”，其名词形式为development。Modern music was first developed in Italy. 现代音乐最初是在意大利发展起来的。 with the development of the society 随着社会的发展developing与developed(1) developing意为“正在发展中的”。India is a developing country.印度是一个发展中国家。(2) developed意为“发达的”。The USA is a developed country.美国是一

14、个发达国家。treat vt. 治疗；处理Doctors treated her with an operation. 医生对她进行手术治疗。treat（治疗）, cure（治愈）1） treat治疗过程，后面接人、 疾病或病痛处 treat sth. & treat sb. for sth. treat -（名）treatment ; medical treatment2） cure“治好，治愈”，cure sb. &cure sb. of sth. 表示“治好某人某种疾病或不良习惯。14. But more money is needed to carry on with our work

15、但需要更多的钱来继续我们的工作。carry on with意为“继续进行，继续下去”，相当于carry on doing sth.carry on to do sth.与carry on doing sth.carry on to do sth.表示继续做另一件事；carry on doing sth.表示继续做刚才没做完的事。I will carry on to do my English exercises after I finish my maths exercises.完成数学作业之后，我将继续做英语作业。I am too hungry to do the work. Can I c

16、arry on doing it after the meal?我太累了，不能做这项工作。我能在饭后继续做吗？7.3 Grammar一、基本概念主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。 例如：many people speak English. 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。 例如：He opened the door.他开了门。（主动句） The

17、door was opened.门被开了。（被动句） 二、基本分类被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be及物动词的过去分词”构成。不及物动词本身没有被动语态。 及物动词-本身意义不完整，后必须带宾语，有些还可以带双宾。不及物动词-本身意义完整，不需要带宾语，如带宾语必须通过介词。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以eat为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。 一般现在时：amisareeaten 一般过去时：waswereeaten 一般将来时：will beeaten 现在完成时：havehas beeneaten三、主动语态变被动语态的方法 (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语

18、。 (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。 (3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如： All the people laughed at him. - He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory. -The bikes are made by them in the factory. 四、含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词be过去分词”构成，原来

19、带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。 We can repair this watch in two days. -This watch can be repaired in two days. Wemust finish this work soon. -This work must be done soon.7.4 Integrated skills & Study Skills1. be part of 中的一部分part 名词，“部分”。表示某某的一部分时前面不用加冠词UNICEF is part of the United Nations. 联合国儿童基金会是联合国的一部

20、分China is in the eastern part of Asian. 中国在亚洲的东部。ake part in 参加 2. set upset 动词，“设置，安置”It was set up in Europe in 1946. 它建于1946年的欧洲。set up，“建立；准备；安排”，“set-set-set”，注意与send的拼写，“send-sent-sent”3. look palepale 形容词，“苍白的”，可放在系动词之后做表语，如look pale，看起来苍白的4. Whats the matter?matter名词，“事情，问题”，whats the matter

21、 with sb. = whats wrong with sb.matter还可以作为动词，“要紧，有重大影响” 如：“It doesnt matter.”相当于“Thats all right.”或“Never mind”5. checkcheck名词，“检查，核实”Open your mouth and let me have a check. 张开嘴巴让我检查一下。check 还可以作为动词，“检查，核实”6. feel well当“well”表示“身体好”时是形容词，可以放在系动词之后做表语。I dont feel well. 我感觉不舒服。well 还可以是副词，用来修饰行为动词，如

22、：How well she is dancing. well还可以用作名词，表示“井”。如：a dry well 一口枯井7. in a few days. “in+时间段”，表示“一段时间之后，一段时间之内”，当表示一段时间之后时与一般将来时连用。You will be all right in a few days. 几天之后你就好了。in the past few days 在过去的几天里，与现在完成时搭配8.Youll be all right in a few days过几天你就好了。right是一个形容词，它的基本含义是“正确的；对的”。三个常用结构“All right.”、“Th

23、ats all right.”和“Thats right.”虽然在形式上相似，但其具体的含义和用法却大相径庭。(1)“All right.”的用法主要有三种：表示同意对方的建议或邀请，意为“行，好吧；可以，不错”等。- Lets go to the zoo.让我们去动物园吧。 - All right (=OK). 好吧行。用在系动词be之后，表示健康状况，意思是“健康状况良好”，相当于fine或well。- How is your mother? 你妈妈的身体好吗？- Shes all right，thank you. 她很好，谢谢你。表示“一切顺利，令人满意”。I hope everythi

24、ng is all right. 我希望一切顺利。(2)“Thats all right.”的主要用法如下：对别人致谢的回答，意思是“不用谢；别客气”，其含义相当于“Thats OK.Not at all.Youre welcome.”等。- Thank you very much，Lily.非常感谢你，莉莉。- Thats all right.不客气。对别人致歉时的回答，意思是“没关系；不介意”，其含义相当于“It doesnt matter.”或“Never mind”- Im sorry Im late for school.对不起，我上学迟到了。- Thats all right.没关

25、系（不要紧）。(3) Thats right.”的用法只有一种。这里的right意为“正确的；对的”，它主要用于表示对某一事物的肯定，即同意对方的观点或意见。在口语中，可直接用right作答。-I think shes a teacher.我想她是一名教师。- Thats right. 对的。7.5 Task & Self-assessment1. She was afraid of flying。她害怕坐飞机。afraid的用法如下：(1)是形容词，不是动词，所以不能单独用作谓语。别怕，我们会帮你的。误：Dont afraid. We will help you.正：Dont be afra

26、id. We will help you.(2)是表语形容词，一般不能放在名词前作定语。若要用于名词前作定语表示“害怕的， 惊恐的”，可用frightened等。她表现得像一个惊恐的孩子。误：She acted like an afraid child.正：She acted like a frightened child.但是，若afraid本身有修饰语，则也可以放在名词前作定语；有时构成短语可放在被修饰的名词后作后置定语。a boy afraid of dogs(a boy who is afraid of dogs)怕狗的男孩(3)Im afraid意为“恐怕”，主要用于礼貌地说出令人不

27、快、失望或感到遗憾的事。如：Im afraid theyre going to lose the game.恐怕他们比赛会输。Im afraid I cant come to the party on Friday.恐怕我参加不了星期五的晚会了。(4)表示“害怕做某事”或“不敢做某事”，be afraid之后可接不定式，也可接of doing sth.。She was afraid to tell/of telling you the truth.她害怕告诉你事实。但若要表示担心可能会发生某事，则只能用be afraid of doing sth.而不能用be afraid to do sth

28、.。She is afraid of lagging behind the others.她怕落在别人后面。She didnt tell him because she was afraid of upsetting him.她没有告诉他，因为怕他不安。2. She wanted to help poor people with eye problems see again, so she made up her mind to train as a nurse and attended courses after work. 她想帮助那些有眼疾的人重见光明，因此她下定决心在下班之后作为护士接

29、受培训并参加课程培训。problem和question都有“问题”的意思，但用法却不尽相同：(1) problem指说话者认为难以解决的问题，它与动词solve或settle（解决）搭配。而question指说话者需要寻找答案的问题，它常与动词ask或answer连用。试比较：The problem is difficult to be solved.这个问题很难解决。May I ask you some questions? 我可以问你一些问题吗？(2) problem可用于数学或物理的习题，面question却无此意思。question可表示一件“与有关的事”。试比较：Can you wo

30、rk out this maths problem? 你能算出这道数学题吗？Its a question of money/time.这是一个与金钱时间有关的问题。(3)指需要讨论或解决的问题时，problem与question可以互换。We are going to talk about several problems/questions at the meeting.我们在会上要谈到一些问题。You can learn more about the news by reading todays newspaper.看看今天的报纸，你就能对这条信息有更多的了解。make up ones mind to do sth.意为“下定决心做某事”。We made up our mind to finish the work on time. 我们下定决心按时完成这项工作。