高中英语知识点总结整理版(DOC 51页).doc

1、【2018高考】英语超重点学习营课前资料目录：一、重点单词二、重点词组三、高级词汇四、词组固定搭配五、高级句型结构六、过去完成时概念七、阅读理解解题指导一、重点单词 用法：be able to do Note: 反义词unable表示不能，而disabled表示残疾的。be able to do可以表示经过艰难困苦才能做到的事。 用法：表示到（在）国外，是一个副词，前面不加介词。Note: 可以说from abroad, 表示从国外回来。 用法：表示承认的时候后面要加上动名词形式。Note: 表示允许进入的时候与介词to搭配。 用法：advise sb. to do; advise doing

2、Note: 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即：advise that sb. (should) do的形式。 用法：通常与动词不定式搭配使用。Note: 前面需要有be able to或can等词。 用法：表示在时间、空间之后；be after表示追寻。Note: 用在将来时的时候后面接一时间点，而in接一个时间段，如：after 3 oclock; in 3 days. 用法：与介词on, to, with及动词不定式搭配。Note: agree on表示达成一致；agree to表示批准；agree with表示同意某人说的话。 用法：表语性形容词，在句中只能作表语，不能作定语。Note:

3、可以作状语使用，表示活活地，如：bury sb. alive. 用法：allow doing; allow sb. to doNote: 可以表示允许进入，如：Please allow me in. 用法：用在三者或三者以上的群体中。Note: 还可以表示其中之一，如：He is among the best. 用法：用于连接两个词、短语、句子或其他相同结构。Note: 与祈使句搭配时往往可以表示条件。如：Work hard, and youll succeed sooner or later. 用法：表示又一个，泛指，相当于one more的含义。Note: 不能直接加复数名词，需要与一个数

4、词搭配，如：another 2 weeks. 用法：及物动词，但在作名词时要与介词to搭配。Note: 可以表示接电话、应门等。如：answer the phone/door. 用法：be anxious for/about/to doNote: be anxious about表示担心；be anxious for表示盼望得到。 用法：不及物动词，没有宾语，没有被动语态。Note: 还可以作为系动词，与seem同义，表示看起来。 用法：arrive at表示到一个小地方；arrive in表示到一个大地方。Note: 引申含义表示得出，如：arrive at a decision/concl

5、usion. 用法：ask to do; ask sb. to do; ask forNote: 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即：ask that sb. (should) do的形式。 用法：表语性形容词，在句中只能作表语，不能作定语。Note: 通常与动词be及fall搭配；sound asleep表示熟睡。 用法：表示参加，后面经常加上meeting, lecture, conference, class, school, wedding, funeral等词；也可以表示照顾，照料。Note: attend to可以表示处理、照料等。 用法：pay attention to; draw/

6、catch sbs attentionNote: 写通知时的常用语：May I have your attention, please? 用法：表示打败某人，或连续不断地击打某物。Note: heartbeat表示心跳。 用法：后面接原因状语从句，because of后面接名词。Note: because表示直接原因，因此只有用它才可以回答why的特殊疑问句及用在强调句中。 用法：系动词，表示变得。可以由好变坏或由坏变好。Note: become of sb.表示某人发生了什么事情。 用法：before long, long before, the day before yesterday,

7、the week / year before last 上上周/前年Note: It be + 段时间 before在该句型中，主句时态只有将来时态和一般过去时态。 用法：begin to do; begin doingNote: 当begin本身是进行时的时候，只能用begin to do的形式。如：It was beginning to rain. 用法：believe sb.表示相信某人说的话；believe in sb.表示信任；6123结构。Note: 回答问句时通常用I believe so/not的形式。 用法：表示除之外还有，包含在一个整体之中。Note: 还可以用作副词，表示

8、此外，要用逗号隔开。 用法：表示越过、在另一边，如：beyond the wood/bridge.Note: 可以用于引申含义，表示超出，如：beyond control/power/description. 用法：与a little一样可以修饰不可数名词，形容词或副词。Note: 修饰名词时要用a bit of；not a bit表示一点也不。 用法：take/bear the blame; blame sth. on. sb.Note: 表示应受到责怪时不用被动语态，如：He is to blame. 用法：blow down/awayNote: 表示风刮得很大时要用blow hard.

9、用法：boiling表示沸腾的；boiled表示煮过的。Note: boiling point可以表示沸点。 用法：borrow表示借入：lend表示借出。Note: 点动词，不能表示借的时间长短。 用法：hold ones breath;out of breath; save ones breathNote: take a breath表示深吸一口气；take breath表示喘口气。 用法：burn down/up/ones handNote: burning表示点着的；burnt表示烧坏的。 用法：on business表示出差；in/out of business表示开/关张。Note

10、: 表示商业时不可数，表示具体的行业时可数。 用法：be busy with/doing.Note: 不能说My work is busy. 应说I am busy with my work. 用法：buy sth. for 5 dollars; buy sth. for sb.Note: 点动词，不能表示买的时间长短。 用法：notbut. but for next but one , have no choice bu to do sth., all but 几乎，差一点Note: do nothing but do sth. nothing前有do，后面的to要省略。Not only b

11、ut also引导的并列句，前倒后不倒。cannot help/ choose but do sth. 不能不，只能 用法：by accident, by air/ sea/ train, by and by, by far, by force, by mistake, by chance, by the wayNote: by way of 取道，经由。by reason of 由于。by 引导的时间状语一般句子用完成时态。 用法：take care of; with care; care for/aboutNote: care about表示在乎，常用于否定句；care for表示关心，喜

12、爱，常用于肯定句。 用法：carry表示搬运；carry on表示进行；坚持下去；carry out表示执行。Note: carry没有方向性，可以表示随身携带。 用法：in case; in case of; in any case; in this/that caseNote: in case后面的状语从句可以用虚拟语气，即in case sb. should do的形式。 用法：catch the thief; catch fire; catch a cold; catch up withNote: be caught表示陷入困境，如：He was caught in the rain.

13、 用法：集合名词，动词要用复数形式。如：Cattle are raised here.Note: 一头牛可以用a head of cattle. 注意十头牛用ten head of cattle。 用法：by chance; take a chance; there is a chance thatNote: 在chance后面可以用动词不定式或者of的结构作定语。 用法：change A for B表示用A换成B；change A into B 表示把A变成B。Note: 表示变化时是可数名词，表示零钱时不可数。 用法：集合名词，谓语动词单复数由其表示的意思决定。Note: in class

14、表示在上课，in the class表示在班上。 用法：动词表示关闭；形容词表示亲密的；副词表示靠近。Note: close作副词时表示距离上的靠近，而另一个副词形式closely表示密切地。 用法：复数名词，谓语动词用复数，不能加不定冠词。Note: 要用few或many来修饰。51. buy 用法：buy sth. for 5 dollars; buy sth. for sb.Note: 点动词，不能表示买的时间长短。52. but 用法：notbut. but for next but one , have no choice bu to do sth., all but 几乎，差一点N

15、ote: do nothing but do sth. nothing前有do，后面的to要省略。Not only but also引导的并列句，前倒后不倒。cannot help/ choose but do sth. 不能不，只能53. by 用法：by accident, by air/ sea/ train, by and by, by far, by force, by mistake, by chance, by the wayNote: by way of 取道，经由。by reason of 由于。by 引导的时间状语一般句子用完成时态。54. call 用法： call fo

16、r / up / back / in / , call on sb. to do sth., pay / make a call on sb. give sb. a call ,on callNote: call at后面跟地点；call on 后面跟人。55. care 用法：take care of; with care; care for/aboutNote: care about表示在乎，常用于否定句；care for表示关心，喜爱，常用于肯定句。56. carry 用法：carry表示搬运；carry on表示进行；坚持下去；carry out表示执行。Note: carry没有方向

17、性，可以表示随身携带。57. case 用法：in case; in case of; in any case; in this/that caseNote: in case后面的状语从句可以用虚拟语气，即in case sb. should do的形式。58. catch 用法：catch the thief; catch fire; catch a cold; catch up with, catch sb. doing sth.Note: be caught表示陷入困境，如：He was caught in the rain.59. cattle 用法：集合名词，动词要用复数形式。如：C

18、attle are raised here.Note: 一头牛可以用a head of cattle. 注意十头牛用ten head of cattle。60. chance 用法：by chance; take a chance; there is a chance thatNote: 在chance后面可以用动词不定式或者of的结构作定语。61. change 用法：change A for B表示用A换成B；change A into B 表示把A变成B。Note: 表示变化时是可数名词，表示零钱时不可数。62. charge用法：charge sb. with (doing) sth.

19、 that , charge sb. to do sth. charge sb. for $Note: in charge of 负责； in the charge of 由某人负责(表示的是被动的)。63. class 用法：集合名词，谓语动词单复数由其表示的意思决定。Note: in class表示在上课，in the class表示在班上。64. clear用法：clear away, clear off, make clear, it is clear thatNote: clear up 及物时表示“澄清，整理，收拾”；不及物表示“晴朗起来，开朗起来”。65. close 用法：动词

20、表示关闭；形容词表示亲密的；副词表示靠近。Note: close作副词时表示距离上的靠近，而另一个副词形式closely表示密切地。66. clothes 用法：复数名词，谓语动词用复数，不能加不定冠词。Note: 要用few或many来修饰。67. collect 用法：collect stamps; collect ones child from schoolNote: a collect phone表示对方付费的电话。68. come 用法：表示到说话者所处的地方来。常见短语有：come to, come about, come across, come out,come to an e

21、nd, come down, come up, come into being/ exist / force / effect等。Note: 可用作系动词，表示变成，如：His dreams came true.69. common 用法：表示普遍性，如：Smith is a common name.Note: common sense表示常识；in common表示共同点。70. compare 用法：comparewith表示把与作比较；compareto表示把比作。Note: 用作状语时，二者都可以表示比较，如：Compared with/to other women, she was

22、very lucky.71. consider用法：consider doing sth. / what to do / that.，consider sb. sth. 6123结构Note: 该词直接跟宾语用动名词但可以用不定式作宾补；considering引导短语作状语，表示“考虑到”72. condition 用法：表示生活、工作等的条件或状况。Note: on condition that表示只要，条件状语从句。73. content 用法：be content with/to doNote: 表语性形容词，在句中只能作表语，不能作定语。74. cost 用法：sth. cost sb

23、. some money，只能用物作主语。Note: 修饰cost要用副词high或low.75. cover 用法：be covered with表示状态；be covered by表示动作。Note: 反义词uncover表示揭开盖子；discover表示发现。76. cross用法：cross off 划掉，cross ones mind, cross out, bear ones cross 忍受痛苦Note: 作形容词一般用于be cross with sb. = be angry with sb.77. crowd 用法：be crowded withNote: 集合名词，谓语动词

24、单复数由其表示的意思决定。78. cure 用法：cure sb. of Note: cure 强调治愈，表示结果；而treat知表示动作。79. cut 用法：cut down/up/offNote: 作名词时a short cut表示捷径。80. damage 用法：do damage to sb. = do sb. harmNote: 表示损害的时候不可数，复数形式可以表示赔偿费。81. danger 用法：in danger表示处于危险的境地。Note: 表示一般概念时不可数，表示具体危险时可数。82. dare用法：作为情态动词一般用于否定句，疑问句或者条件状语从句；作为实意动词后跟

25、不定式。Note: I dare say that.意为：我猜测，可能，或许。83. dark 用法：before/after dark; in the darkNote: 可以表示深色的，如：dark blue.84. deal 用法：a great/good deal of修饰不可数名词。Note: 作动词时构成短语deal with, 常与副词how搭配。85. defeat用法：及物动词，后面的宾语是国家，队，军队等名词。Note: 不能用人作宾语。86. demand 用法：demand to do; demand that, demand of sb. to do sth.Note

26、: 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即：demand that sb. (should) do的形式。87. depend用法：depend on sb./ sth. / ones doing sth. / to do sth. Note: depend 不及物动词，常和on连用。意为“依靠，信赖”88. desert 用法：名词表示沙漠；动词表示抛弃。Note: 可以用过去分词作表语或定语，表示废弃的，如：a deserted house.89. determine 用法：determine to do; determine sb. to doNote: 过去分词表示有决心的，可以说be det

27、ermined to do sth. 决心做(表示状态)90. devote 用法：devote oneself to; be devoted toNote: 与devote搭配的to是介词，后面接名词或动名词。如：His whole life was devoted to teaching.91. die 用法：die of/from/for/out/ awayNote: 点动词，不与for引起的时间状语连用。92. difficulty 用法：have difficulty with; have difficulties with sth. ; have difficulty in doi

28、ng sth. ;Note: 表示一般概念时不可数，表示具体困难时可数。93. disagree 用法：disagree with sb.Note: disagree虽然在形式上有否定前缀，但并不是个否定词。注意它的反义问句形式：He disagreed with you, didnt he?94. distance 用法：in the distance; at a distanceNote: 可用于引申含义，表示时间上或情感上的距离。95. divide 用法：divideinto表示把分成几份。强调分成等份。Note: 可以表示除法，如：Nine divided by three is t

29、hree.96. do 用法：do away with, do sb. a faour; do up; do with., do wonders, do sb. wrong = do wrong to sb.Note: 主要用作及物动词；不及物时表示“行”：If you have no pen, pencil will do.97. doubt用法：doubt sb. / sth. , beyond doubt, in doubt, no doubt, without a doubtNote: 主句是否定句时宾语用that引导；主句是肯定句时宾语用whether / if引导。98. down

30、town 用法：副词，前面不加介词，如：go downtown.Note: 可用作定语，如：a downtown street.99. draw 用法：draw a picture/the curtainNote: 引申含义表示得出，如：draw a conclusion/lesson.100. dream 用法：dream of/about/that-二、重点词组1. be able to do能够做 After paying great efforts, he is able to speak English fluently. 2. be about to do正要做 As I was

31、about to say, you interrupted me. 3. add to把加 If you add 5 to 5, you get ten. If the tea is too strong, add some hot water. This adds to our difficulties. 4. be afraid of 害怕 I was afraid of hurting her feelings. 5. go against反对 We dont agree with the proposal, because it goes against the law. 6. agr

32、ee on达成一致 We agreed on an early start/making a early start. We all agree on the terms. to do同意做 My father has agreed to buy me a new computer. 8. agree with同意某人（或其想法、观点、认识等）；与相符 I dont agree with you on this point. Your story agrees with what I had already heard. The climate doesnt agree with me. Th

33、e mussels I had for lunch havent agreed with me. The verb agrees its subject in number and person. 9. be angry with对生气 He was angry with himself for having made such a foolish mistake. He was angry at being kept waiting. 10. be anxious about对担心 I was anxious about my sons health. 11. apply for申请 I h

34、ave applied to the Consul for the visa. 12. take sth. in ones arms把抱在怀里 She took a bunch of roses in her arms. 13. take up arms拿起武器 We should take up our arms to defend our motherland. 14. arrive in/at a place达到某地 My brother will arrive in Beijing next Monday. I arrive at the school every morning at

35、 a regular time. 15. ask (sb.) for sth.向（某人）要某物 You shouldnt ask your parents for money any more. 16. pay attention to对注意 When you write an essay, you have several things to pay attention to. 17. be away from远离 When you friend is in trouble, dont be away from him/her; instead, you should try your be

36、st to help. 18. go/run away逃跑 Its dangerous! Go/run away immediately. 19. beat to death将打死 He was nearly beat to death once after he was caught stealing. 20. go to bed上床休息 I was so tired that I went to bed earlier than before. 21. make the bed铺床 You are old enough to make the beds by yourself. 22. b

37、eg ones pardon请某人再说一遍 Sorry I didnt catch it. I beg your pardon. 23. begin with以开始 The party began with a cheerful song. 24. believe in信仰 In western countries, many people believe in God. 25. belong to属于 That Taiwan belongs to China should be unquestionable. 26. do ones best尽最大的努力 If you have done y

38、our best, then theres nothing to regret. 27. had better最好 You had better stop smoking. 28. blow away吹走 The wind blew the heat away. 29. take a boat乘船 I took a boat to go to the island in the center of the lake. 30. be born出生 He was born in a wealthy family. 31. break away from从脱离，断绝关系 We wont say Ye

39、s to anyones breaking away from our country. Cant you break away from old habits? 32. break down（指计划、打算）破灭；（机器）坏了；（身体状况）变差 Our plans have broken down. Negotiations between the two countries have broken down. The engine broke down. His health broke down after the death of his wife. Sugar and starch a

40、re broken down in the stomach. 33. break into破门而入 His house was broken into last week. 34. break off 从中间打断 He broke off in the middle of a sentence. Lets break off for an hour and have some tea. The mast broke off. 35. break out（指战争、灾难、争吵等）突然爆发 A fire broke out during the night. The quarrel broke ou

41、t afresh. 36. break the rules违反规则 Everyone in the group mustnt break the rules. 37. break up击碎、驱散 终止 结束 分裂 分开 分手放学The ship was breaking up on the rocks. The gathering broke up in disorder. The police broke up the crowd. 38. hold ones breath屏住呼吸 He held his breath and sneaked into his room. 39. bring

42、 down击落、打倒 A moment ago, we brought down a hostile aircraft. We should bring down the tyrant. 40. bring in赚得、赢得（利润） His farms bring (him) in $20000 a year. The program brings in a new fashion. 41. bring on导致结果 He was out all day in the rain and this brought on a bad cold. The fine weather is bringin

43、g the crops on nicely. The coach is bringing on some youngsters in the reserve team. 42. bring up抚养 She has brought up five children. If children are badly brought up they behave badly. 43. build up建立；恢复（身体状况等） He has built up a good business. He went on holiday and soon built up his health. 44. bur

44、nto the ground把夷为平地 The Japanese invaders burnt the houses to the ground. 45. burn down烧光 The house was burnt down. 46. burst into laughter.突然爆发大笑 On seeing the amusing scene, she burst into laughter. 47. burst into tears突然大哭 She suddenly burst into tears. 48. be busy doing/with sth.忙于做某事 We are bus

45、y preparing for/with the exam. 49. call at (a place)拜访某地 I called at the tailors a couple of days ago. 50. call back回电话 I will call back later. 51. call for到某地取东西；接人；要求；呼吁 A man calls every Monday for old newspapers. Ill call for you at 6 oclock. The occasion calls for prompt action. People all over

46、 the world call for peace. 52. call in请（医生） Please call in a doctor at once. 53. call on拜访某人 My uncle called on me yesterday on his way home. 54. take care of照顾；负责 The nurse took good care of the patients. Here, let me take care of the cleaning. These are the devices that take care of the waste from the factory. 55. care for 担心、关心、想 My parents care for my safety when I travel by myself. The elders should care for the younger generation. Would you care for a game