牛津译林版初二英语上册-Unit2-重要知识点(DOC 6页).doc

1、牛津译林版初二英语上册 Unit2 重要知识点【welcome】1. have to &musthave to：“必须，不得不”，强调客观上的需要，有人称，时态的变化（三单has to,过去式had to,将来时will have to）,其否定形式为dont/doesnt/didnt have to,表示“不必”must:“必须”，强调主观意愿和看法，无人称，时态和数的变化，其否定形式为mustnt,表示“禁止，不允许”2. Its like watching TV,but there are fewer advertisements.它（上学）就像看电视，只不过广告少一些。like pre

2、p.像. +名词/代词/v-ingfew-fewer +可名复few ;a few;little;a little区别3. British n.英国人 the British=British people=Englishman adj.英国的 British people4. vacation 可数名词/不可数名词 “假期”（英：holiday） on vacation在度假 take a vacation度假 winter/summer vacation寒假/暑假5. fall n秋天（英：Autumn）；瀑布 vi.落下；跌倒6.movie n.(可数) 电影（英：film） go to

3、a movie/go to the movie看电影6. Shall we go together?“Shall we do.?” 提建议的句型 肯定回答：Why not?/OK./Of course./All right.【提建议的句型】Lets do sth.Youd better do sth.（你最好做某事）How/What about doing sth?Why not do sth?Why dont you do sth?Will/Would/Could you please do sth?(请你做下某事好吗？)7. practise vi/vt. 练习，训练 practise (

4、doing) sth （英：practise） n.练习 （英：practice）【reading】1. in year 8在八年级 （英：in Grade 8）在.年级：美 in Year +基数词 in the +序数词+year 英 in Grade +基数词 in the+序数词+grade2. mix vt.混合 mixed adj.混合的 mixture n.混合物3. Among all my subjects,I like French best.like.best=favouriteFrance n.法国 French n.法语 adj法国的 Frenchman法国人4. L

5、earning foreign language is fun.learning foreign language 动名词短语，起名词作用（指学外语这件事），后面的谓语动词用单数。foreign adj.外国的 foreign language外语 foreigner n.外国人5. during prep.在.期间 during the week6. borrow .from.借入 lend.to.借出 keep持有7. bring in带来，引进bring “拿来，带来”，强调从别处带某人/某物来到说话人所在地take “拿走，带走”，强调使人/物离开说话人所在地carry “携带，搬运”

6、，强调某物从甲地移至乙地，带着物体随身移动但无固定方向get/fetch “去取来，去拿来”，多用于口语，指去去了动词又返回来这一往返过程8. end n.末端，尽头 the end of. 在.末尾 at the end of. 在.的末尾/尽头 in the end最后，终于 vt/vi.结束 end with. 以.结束 The party ended with a song.聚会以一首歌结束。9. discuss vt.讨论 discuss sth with sb和某人讨论某事 discussion n.讨论 have a discussion10. in class在课堂上 in t

7、he class在班级里11. seem主语+seem（to be）+adj. 主语+seem to do It seems that从句12. offer vt.主动提出，自愿给予offer sb sth=offer sth to sb为某人提供某物可接双宾语的常见动词：一带（bring,）两给（give,offer）两传递（pass,hand），借（lend）送（send）展示（show）写（write）双宾。 offer to do sth主动提出做某事 n.提供，提议，提出，出价13. 初中阶段常见的以o结尾变复数加es的单词：英雄（hero）爱吃西红柿(tomato)，土豆(pota

8、to)和芒果(mango)。14. win & beat词条含义过去式用法win获胜，赢得won宾语常是“比赛，战争，奖品”等名词，即race,match,game,competition,war,prize等beat打败，战胜beat宾语常是“竞争对手”，即指人或球队的名词或代词15. by prep. “由/被.”Yesterday I heard a very beautiful piece of music by Beethoven.我昨天听了一首由贝多芬创作的非常美妙的曲子。 “在.旁，靠近”There is a small wooden house by the river. “经

9、过.的旁边”A girl went by me to the teachers office just now. “(表示方法，手段等)靠，用，通过”Last summer I went to Beijing by air. “被，由（被动语态中用来引出动作的执行者）”The building was designed by a student ten years ago. “逐个”The children went into the cinema one by one.【grammar】1. fast&quickly&soonfast形容词，副词指运动中的人或物体动作本身的速度快，强调自身速

10、度快。quickly副词指在较短时间内发生或完成，突出做事动作快。soon副词指不久就发生某个动作或状况，表示所花时间短。2. far比较级further/fartherfurther 可以表示距离上“较远，更远”；还可以表示程度上“进一步”，具有抽象意义farther 表示长度或距离上“较远，更远”3. She draws better than any other student in my class.“比较级+than any other+可名单” 表示最高级（比较的对象要是同一范围的）4. 数量的比较一、 两者数量的比较1. 用“more. than. . .”结构表示 “.比.多”

11、，more+可名复/不可名。You have more books than I.你的书比我的多I have more free time than you.我的空余时间比你的多。2.用“fewer/less. than.结构表示“.比.少”,fewer+可名复 ,less+不可名。Our school has fewer weeks off for the summer holiday than yours.我们学校比你们学校的暑假少放几个星期。He spends less money on clothes than I.他在衣服上花的钱比我少。二、三者或三者以上的数量上的比较1.用“the

12、 most”表示“最多”,most+可名复/不可名We study the most subjects of all.在所有人当中我们学习的科目最多。I spend the most time doing my homework.我在做家庭作业上花的时间最多。2.用“the fewest/least 表示“最少”，fewest+可名复,least+不可名。Daniel drinks the least. juice among the three of us.丹尼尔在我们三个当中饮料喝得最少。Who has the fewest friends of the three?三个人中谁的朋友最少?

13、5. 副词的比较级和最高级一、副词比较级和最高级的变化规则1.规则变化副词的比较级和最高级的规则变化与形容词基本相同。2.不规则变化well-better- -bestbadly- -worse- worstmuch-more-mostlittle-less-leastfar-father/ further- farthest/ furthest二、副词的比较级和最高级的用法1.副词的比较级和最高级的用法与形容词基本相同。Tom does his homework more carefully than I.汤姆做家庭作业比我认真。Lucy draws the best of us all.露

14、西在我们所有人当中画得最好。2.副词最高级前面的the可以省略，而形容词前面的the不可以省略。The boy is the fastest in his class.这个男孩在他班上跑得最快。The boy runs (the) fastest in his class.这个男孩在他班上跑得最快。【Integrated skills&study skills&task】1. the number of.is. a number of+可名复.are.2. spend vt.花费 过去式：spent词条主语花费常用结构spend人时间/金钱Sb+ spend(s)/spent +时间/金钱+o

15、n sth (in) doing sthcost物金钱Sth + cost(s)/cost+sb+金钱pay人金钱Sb+pay(s）/paid +金钱+for sthtakeit时间It takes/took(sb)+时间+to do sth3. wear vt.穿，戴 强调穿着的状态 wear+衣物 be in prep.强调穿着的状态 be in+衣物/颜色 put on 强调“穿，戴”的动作 dress 作动词时，宾语通常为人 dress sb ; dress oneself4.Chinese students have more weeks off for the summer hol

16、iday than British students.have+一段时间+off “有.时间的假期” have two weeks off 有两周的假期off : fall off.从.掉下来 keep off 远离 turn off关掉4. Half an hour for playing computer games and another half an hour for playing chess.another adj.（不确定数目中的）“另外任何一个的” 代词 “另一个”If you dont like this one,try another. another+数词+名词 = 数

17、词+more+名词 “还，再，又”play chess下国际象棋5. at most至多，不超过 = not more than反义词组：at least 至少6. 后缀 -ly(1)“名词+后缀-ly”构成形容词 monthly每月的 friendly友好的(2)形容词+后缀-ly副词 careful-carefully形容词变副词的常见方法（1）大多数形容词在词尾加-ly, quick-quickly（2）辅音字母+y结尾的，yi，+ly lucky-luckily（3）le结尾的，去e再加y terrible-terribly7.look through 浏览，快速查看；透过.看；翻查；

18、翻找look up抬头看；查阅look out当心look forward to盼望look after照顾look for寻找look around环顾四周7. at first 起初，首次 at last最后8. I also keep writing in English about my daily life.keep doing sth继续，重复做某事daily life日常生活daily每日的，日常的形容词 指每天发生一次的，在句中作定语everyday每天的，日常的形容词 指日常发生的，无须特别关心的，只作定语every day每天副词短语 在句中作状语9. finish sch

19、ool 放学；毕业finish doing sth结束做某事后接v-ingd的动词和短语动词：完成（finish）练习（practise）考（consider）建议（suggest），喜欢（enjoy）错过（miss）别介意(mind)。短语：忙于（be busy）期盼(look forward to)要习惯(be used to)，不禁(cant help)放弃(give)想(feel like)继续(keep on)。10. ideal n.理想 We should struggle for our ideals. adj.理想的 My ideal job is to be a docto

20、r.11. need vt.需要 need sb/sth need (sb) to do sth sth need to be done 情态动词 “必须，必要” 常用于否定句或疑问句中，否定形式为“neednt”=dont have to neednt do sth不必做某事 n.需要 be in need12.have fun=have a good/great/wonderful time; enjoy oneselfhave fun with sth have fun doing sth.12. 作文：我理想的学校生活体裁记叙文话题学校生活时态一般现在时人称第一人称段落布局开头：总述学校生活的情况主体：具体叙述一些学校生活结尾：对整篇文章进行整体概括，升华文章主题句式链:1. My ideal school starts at.and finishes at.2. We have lots of time for.3. I have .because I think .is very interesting.4. Every Monday,I go to the.club.5. I hope I have.weeks off.6. We have an hour for.