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类型江苏专版牛津译林九年级上册-Unit-3-知识点总结(DOC 14页).doc

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    1、译林版九上U3知识点总结1. Hobo,I have a problem.霍波,我有一个问题。解析:problem是可数名词,意为“难题,问题”。拓展:(1) have some problems with sth意为“在某方面有些困难/问题”,相当于have some problems (in) doing sth。例:I have some problems with listening. 我在听力方面有些困难。(2) No problem. 没问题,没关系。辨析:problem, questionproblem所指的问题总是与困难联系着,表示“有待于解决的问题”。question所指的问

    2、题总是和疑问联系着,表示“有待回答的问题”,它常与ask,answer连用。一言辨异:The question is how to solve the Maths problem.问题是如何解出这道教学难题。2. Im getting fat. 我正在变胖。解析:get做系动词,意为“变得”。例:It is getting colder and colder. 天变得越来越冷了。拓展:系动词除be以外,还有感官动词look,sound,smell,taste,feel等,及三个“变”。即get, turn, become.例:She looks worried. 她看起来很焦虑。3. Why

    3、not eat less and exercise more?为什么不少吃多锻炼呢?解析:Why not意为“为什么不”,相当于“Why dont you”,常用来提出建议,后接动词原形。例:Why not go out for a walk? 为何不出去散散步呢?4. Ill finish the food for you then.那么我会替你吃完这些食物。解析:finish做及物动词,意为“完成”,后接名词、代词或动名词。例:You must finish your homework first. 你必须先完成家庭作业。辨析:finisth,endfinish指做完某事或完成某一动作,其

    4、后可接名词或动名词做宾语;end侧重到此结束,多指某活动或战争等结束。例:We often finish our homework at home.我们经常在家里完成作业。The World War I ended in 1945.第二次世界大战于1945年结束。5. The TV is always on at my home. 我家电视总是开着。解析:be on意为“开着的,准备好的”,on是副词,意为“在进行着,处于工作状态中”,常指电灯、电视等电器开着。其反义词组是be off。例:The light is always on at night. 晚上灯总是开着。固定搭配:from n

    5、ow on从现在起;go on with继续.;on ones way to在某人去.的路上;on fire着火;on foot步行;on show在展览;on sale出售;on duty值日;on business为了公事(出差);on time准时。6. Sometimes I feel lonely. 有时我感觉孤独。解析:lonely是形容词,意为“孤单的;寂寞的;偏僻的”。例:The old wouman felt lonelier without her husband. 没有了丈夫,这位老太太感到更加孤独了。辨析:lonely,alonelonely是形容词,意为“寂寞的,偏僻

    6、的,可做定语和表语,常带有浓厚的感情色彩。alone可用做形容词或副词,指“孤独无伴的客观情况,不含感情色彩。一言辨异:My grandpa lives alone in my hometown but he doesnt feel lonely. 我爷爷独自居住在我的家乡,但他并不感到寂寞。7. Sometimes I get low marks in exams.有时候我考试的分数很低。解析:mark是可数名词,意为“分数”。例:Amy got a good mark for her English test. 埃米的英语测试得了个好成绩。拓展:mark做可数名词,还可意为“污点,斑点”;

    7、做动词,意为“标记,做标记”。例:The dogs are always rubbing against the wall and making dirty marks.这些狗总是往墙上蹭,留下了点点污斑。Can you mark your house on this map? 你能在这张地图上标出你的房子(的位置)吗?8. I have a problem, and I do not know how I should deal with it.我有一个难题,而且我不知道应该怎样处理它。解析:deal是不及物动词,意为“处理”。deal with意为“处理应付”。例:Can you tell

    8、 me how to deal with it ? 你能告诉我如何处理它吗 ?辨析:deal with,do withdeal with意为“处置,处理,常与疑问词how连用;do with也意为“处置,处理”。常与疑问词what连用。9. I often have to stay up late. 我不得不经常熬夜到很晚。解析:stay up意为“不睡觉,熬夜”。例:I stayed up late last night. 我昨天晚上熬夜到很晚。拓展:含stay的短语:stay up不睡觉,熬夜;stay with sb与某人待在一起;say at home待在家里10. I know it

    9、 is important to finish all my homework on time.我知道按时完成所有的作业很重要。解析:on time,意为“按时,准时”,强调事情发生于指定时间。例:The train leaves at 6:05 on time. 火车在6:05准时出发。辨析:on time,in timeon time意为“按时准时”,强调准点,指事情发生于指定时间,不早不晚in time意为“及时”,指动作在规定的时间内或提前发生。11. I cannot imagine my life without hobbies.我不能想象没有业余爱好的生活。解析:imagine意

    10、为“想象,设想,既可做及物动词,又可做不及物动词。例:You cant imagine how I missed you all.你们不能想象我多么想念你们大家。拓展:imaginative adj. 想象的,富于想象力的。例:My brother is an imaginative boy.我的弟弟是一个富有想象力的男孩。12. I dream of a long holiday so that I could have more time for my hobbies.我梦想有一个长假,好让我有更多时间从事我的业余爱好。解析:so that意为“以便,以至于;为的是”,引导目的状语从句,表

    11、示一种意图或可能性,相当于in order that,该从句常用can/ could, may/ might, should, would等情态动词,而且主句和从句之间不使用逗号。例:Daniel works hard so that/ in order that he can pass the exam.丹尼尔努力学习为的是能通过考试。拓展:(1) so that引导的目的状语从句可以与表示目的的动词不定式(not) to do或in order (not) to do互换。例:He went to the railway station so that he could meet his

    12、parents.= He went to the railway station to meet his parents.= He went to the railway station in order to meet his parents.他去火车站是为了接他的父母。(2) so that也可引导结果状语从句,意为“因此,所以”,该从句表示一种事实,从句中的谓语动词根据需要使用相应的时态,主、从句之间可以用逗号隔开。例:He had not planned his time well,so that he did not finish the project on time.他没有计划好

    13、时间,因此没有按时完成项目。13. I hope to hear from you soon. 我希望快点收到您的来信。解析:hear from sb意为“收到某人的来信”,相当于receive/get a letter from sb。例:I have heard from him. 我已经收到了他的来信。拓展:(1) hear意为“听见,听到”强调听的结果。hear sb do sth意为“听到某人做某事”指听到动作的全过程。hear sb doing sth意为“听到某人在做某事”,指听到动作正在进行。例:We often hear her sing this song in the n

    14、ext room.我们经常听到她在隔壁房间里唱这首歌。He heard the wind blowing.他听到了风在吹的声音。(2) hear of意为“听到,听说”,通常可与hear about互换。例:I heard about/of it not long ago. 我是不久前听说此事的。注意:hear from本身就意为“收到.的来信”,所以后面不可再接a letter 等词,即不可说hear a letter from。14. Then I get into trouble because my parents do not allow me to play outside aft

    15、er 6 p.m.然后我就陷入麻烦中,因为我父母不允许我在晚上六点以后在外面玩。解析:allow是动词,意为“允许”;sb be allowed to do sth是被动结构,意为“某人被允许做某事”,其主动形式为allow sb to do sth;allow doing sth意为“允许做某事”。例:He doesnt allow fishing here. 他不允许在这儿钓鱼。Smoking is not allowed in this restaurant. 这家饭店不允许抽烟。15. I do not understand why they are so strict with me

    16、.我不理解为什么他们对我要求这么严格。解析:strict是形容词,意为“严格的,严厉的”。例:Our teacher is very strict and we have to do what he says.我们的老师很严格,我们不得不按他说的去做。固定搭配:be strict in sth对某事要求严格;be strict wih sb对某人要求严格例:Our English teacher is strict in his work.我们的英语老师对工作要求严格。My parents are strict with me.我的父母对我要求严格。16. He has made a list

    17、 of keywords in their litters.他列了一张他们的信里的关键词的列表。解析:list是可数名词,意为“清单”,make a list of 意为“列一个.的清单”。例:You should make a list of the things you want to buy.你应该把你想要买的东西列个清单。17. It seems that you spend a lot of time playing football.你好像花费很多时间踢足球。解析:seem是连系动词,意为“似乎,好像,看起来”。It seems that. 意为“好像/似乎.”,相当于seem t

    18、o do sth。例:It seems that she knows it. = She seems to know it. 她好像知道这件事。拓展:(1) seem做系动词后面可接形容词做表语,意为“好像”。例:He didnt seem very sure. 他好像并不十分确定。(2) seem也可用于There be句型中。例:There seems to be trouble soon. 好像不久就会有麻烦。18. Daniel does not know whom he should talk to.丹尼尔不知道他应该和谁谈。解析:whom意为“谁(宾格)”,对宾语提问,可用who代

    19、替。例:Whom/ Who are you witing for ? 你在等谁?注意:对宾语提问时可用 who替提whom,但对主语提问时,不可用whom替换who。19. I need silence when Im studying. 当我学习时我需要安静。解析:silence n.安静,寂静;沉默。例:Your silence on recent events surprises me.你对最近事件的沉默使我惊讶。固定搭配:in silence 默默地。拓展:silent adj.沉默的,寡言的;keep silent保持沉默。例:Youd better be silent about

    20、what happened.对发生的事,你最好保持沉默。辨析:silent,quiet,calmsilent主要用于人,表示“沉默的,不出声的”,但不一定没有活动。quiet强调“安静”,指“安静的,宁静的”,没有干扰活动。calm强调“镇静的,平静的”,主要指人“沉着镇静”,指大自然“无风无浪”。一言辨异:He is a man of silence and he spent a quiet night again.他是一个沉默的人,又度过了一个安静的夜晚。20. Where can we buy a good dictionary?我们在哪能买到一本好字典?解析:dictionary意为“

    21、字典,词典”,是可数名词,其复数形式为dictionaries。例:I want to buy a new dictionary. 我想买一本新词典。Heres an English-Chinese dictionary. 这儿有一本英汉词典。21. Soon they got his replies. 很快他们就收到了他的回复。解析:reply是可数名词,意为“答复,回答”。例:I shouted Hello,but there was no reply.我喊了一声“你好”,但是没人回答。固定搭配:in reply (to) 意为“答复”。拓展:reply vi.答复,回答。例:I wrot

    22、e to him last week,but he hasnt replied.我上个星期给他写了信,但他没有回信。Have you replied to their invitation? 你已经回复他们的邀请了吗?She replied that it was impossible.她回答说那是不可能的。辨析: answer,replyanswer用法很广,可指口说或笔写的“回答”;reply较正式,指经过思考后详细的“回答,答复。一言辨异:The reply is not an answer. 答复不是回答。22. .,cannot run fast and hates swimming

    23、 . ,不能跑得很快,讨厌游泳。解析:hate sth做及物动词时,意为“讨厌,不喜欢,憎恨”,其后可接名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式等。hate doing sth不喜欢做某事,表示习惯性的行为;hate to do sth 则表示特定的具体行为。例:My mother hates travelling by plane.我的母亲不喜欢乘飞机旅行。I hate to trouble you. 我不喜欢麻烦你。辨析:hate,dislikehate表示“憎恨,怨恨”,含有强烈的感情色彩dislike没有hate那种强烈的情感,只是不喜欢而已。一言辨异:I dislike leaving it

    24、to him;that means I hate to leave it to him.我不喜欢把这件事交给他办,那意思是说我对把这件事交给他办很反感。23. .,classmates laugh at her and call her a bookworm. .,同学们嘲笑她并叫她书虫。解析:laugh在这里做不及物动词,意为“笑,嘲笑”。例:He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑在最后,谁笑得最好。拓展:laugh n.笑,笑声,是可数名词。例:At first she was silent,then she gave a nervous laugh. 她一开

    25、始默不作声,然后神经质地笑了一声。固定搭配:含laugh的短语laugh at sb 嘲笑某人 langh over 因.而发笑laugh to sb 对某人大笑 langh oneself to death笑得要死一言辨异:He smiled at me,and laughed at my jokes.他对我微笑,听了我的笑话哈哈大笑起来。24. Ive made little progress in my English,Millie.我在英语上没有取得一点进步,米莉。解析:progress意为“进展,进步”,是不可数名词。例:To know oneself is progress. 人贵

    26、有自知之明。固定搭配:make progress取得进步。拓展:progress vi. 进展,前进。例:The year is progressing. 光阴似箭。25. Perhaps you should go over what youve learnt as often as possible.或许你应该尽可能经常地复习你所学的内容。解析:as often as possible意为“尽可能经常地”,相当于as often as you can/could.两个as之间用形容词或副词的原级。例:You should go to see your parents as often as

    27、 possible.你应该尽可能经常地去看望你的父母。拓展:(1) as soon as 意为“一.就”,引导时间状语从句。例:Hell call you as soon as he arrives there. 他到那儿就会给你打电话。(2) as soon as you can 意为“尽可能快地,尽快”,指时间上尽快,相当于as soon as possile;as quickly as you can/as quickly as possible,意为“尽可能快地,尽快”,指速度上尽快;as much as you can/as much as possible,意为“尽可能多地”;as

    28、 early as you can/as early as possible,意为“尽可能早地”。例:If you want to improve your spoken English,you must speak English as much as you can. 如果你想提高英语口语,你必须尽可能多地说英语。My mother always gets up as early as possible every day.我妈妈每天总是尽可能早地起床。26. What else? 其他的呢?解析:else意为“其他的,别的,有以下几种用法:(1)else放在somewhere,anywh

    29、ere,nowhere等之后,做后置定语。例:We cant get it anywhere else. 别的地方我们弄不到它。(2)else 放在疑问代词what, who以及不定代词somebody,anybody,nobody,something,anything,nothing等之后,意为“还”。例:Who else is coming? 还有别人来吗?Is there anything else I can do for you?还有什么事我能为你做吗?(3)else放在疑问副词where,when等之后,意为“别的什么地方/别的什么时候”。例:When else can this

    30、be arranged? 还可以在另外什么时间安排这件事吗?(4)else放在who以及somebody,anybody,nobody等之后时,可以用所有格形式elses。例:Who eises pen can this be? 这还会是谁的钢笔呢?辨析:else,otherelse和other均可意为“另外(的),其他(的)”,但用法不同。else 只用于修饰不定代词、疑问代词及疑问副词,且必须后置;而other只用于修饰名词,且置于名词之前。一言辨异:The other boy asked where else she went.另一个男孩问她还去过别的什么地方。27. It helps

    31、us understand what kinds of books or articles we are reading, and where we might find information.它帮助我们理解我们读的是哪类书或文章,以及我们可以在哪里找到信息。解析:kind做可数名词,意为“种类,类型”。a kind of意为“一种.” all kinds of意为“各种各样的. ”;different kinds of意为“不同种类的.”例:This is a new kind of machine. 这是一种新型机器。There are many different kinds of s

    32、hoes in the shoe shop.那家鞋店里有许多不同种类的鞋子。拓展:kind做形容词,意为“亲切的,和善的,友好的。”例:It was very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好了。Our English teacher is always kind to us. 我们的英语老师总是对我们很亲切。28. There is an article called“The trouble with teenagers”.有一篇文章叫青少年的烦恼。解析:trouble是不可数名词,意为“忧虑,苦恼,麻烦;困难;疾病”。例:Is the boy much tr

    33、ouble? 这个男孩很烦人吗?Nothing is ever too much trouble for him. 他从不把麻烦当回事。拓展:trouble做动词,意为“麻烦,打扰;使烦恼”。例:May I trouble you to pass the books,please? 麻烦你把书递给我,好吗?Never trouble trouble,until trouble troubles you, 别自寻烦恼。固定搭配:含trouble的短语:trouble sb to do sth 麻烦某人做某事in trouble在困难中,处于困境中 fish in trouble water浑水摸

    34、鱼have trouble with sth/(in) doing sth 做某事有困难 ask/look for trouble自寻烦恼get(sb )into trouble使(某人)陷入困境29. To get a general idea of a book or an article,we should ask some basic questions. 为了获得一本书或一篇文章的主要内容,我们应该问一些基础问题。解析:句中“To get a general idea of a book or an article”是动词不定式短语做目的状语。例:To catch the early

    35、 bus,I got up very early this morning.为了赶上早班车,今天早上我起得很早。I went to the railway station to meet my friend last night.昨天晚上我去火车站接朋友了。30. When did it happen? 它是什么时候发生的?解析:happen是不及物动词,意为“(偶然)发生”sth happen to sb意为“某人发生某事”。例:Did you hear what happened to him last night? 你听说他昨天晚上发生了什么事吗?拓展:happen to do sth意

    36、为“碰巧做某事”。例:We happened to meet him at the library. 我们在图书馆碰巧遇见了他。辨析:happen,take placehappen指事情的发生往往带有“偶然”或“意想不到”的意思,通常以物做主语take place多指“有计划地或安排好地发生或举行”,它的主语只能是事物,没有“偶然”的意味。一言辨异:That happened two years ago and after that some changes have taken place there. 那件事发生在两年前,之后那里发生了一些变化。31. She is shy and qui

    37、et,and she has no new friends at school.她很害羞而且很安静,她在学校没有新朋友。解析:quiet是形容词,意为“安静的,平静的”;其反义词是noisy,意为“吵闹的”。例:Be quiet, please.请安静。My grandparents live in a quiet village.我的爷爷奶奶住在一个安静的村庄里。拓展:quietly adv. 安静地,平静地。例:He sat quietly at the back of the room. 他安静地坐在房间的后面。32. Thank you very much for telling me

    38、 about your problems.非常感谢你告诉我你的问题。解析:Thank you for (doing) sth意为“因(做)某事而感谢你”,相当于Thanks for (doing) sth. ,介词for后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式做宾语。例:Thank you for helping me carry the box. 谢谢你帮我抬箱子。拓展:thanks to是介词短语意为“幸亏,由于”,相当于because of,例:Thanks to you,I passed the English exam this time.多亏了你,我这次英语考试及格了。33. You ar

    39、e unhappy with your weight, but you do not know how to change it.你因为体重不开心,但是你不知道怎样改变它。解析:weight意为“重量”,是不可数名词。例:My weight is 50 kilos. 我的体重是50千克。拓展:weigh vt. 称.的重量;vi. 重(若干)。例:Do you often weigh yourself ? 你常称体重吗?How much do you weigh ? 你有多重?34. I hope you think my advice is worth taking.我希望你认为我的建议值得

    40、采纳。解析:advice是不可数名词,意为“建议,忠告”,可用some,much,a lot of,a little,a piece of/ pieces of等修饰;若要说明是某方面的建议时,advice后要接介词on,例:Let me give you a piece of advice. 让我给你一个忠告。拓展:advise vt. 建议,忠告; advise sb to do sth建议(劝告)某人做某事advise sb against doing sth劝告某人不要做某事; advise doing sth建议做某事。例:I often advise my father to give up smoking. 我经常劝我爸爸戒烟。He often advises people to use their brains. 他经常劝人多动脑。

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